In PCB mai girma jirgi, mafi mahimmancin nau’in tsangwama shine ƙarar wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar nazarin halaye da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da hayaniyar wutar lantarki a kan allunan PCB masu girma, marubucin ya gabatar da wasu mafita masu inganci da sauƙi a hade tare da aikace-aikacen injiniya.

Analysis of wutar lantarki amo

Hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki tana nufin hayaniyar da wutar lantarkin kanta ta haifar ko kuma tada hankali. Tsangwama yana bayyana ta cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:

1) Hayaniyar da aka raba ta haifar da rashin ƙarfi na wutar lantarki da kanta. A cikin da’irori masu girma, ƙarar wutar lantarki yana da tasiri mai girma akan sigina masu girma. Don haka, ana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin amo da farko. Ƙasa mai tsabta yana da mahimmanci kamar tushen wutar lantarki mai tsabta. Ana nuna sifar ikon kamar yadda yake cikin siffa 1.

Tsarin igiyar wutar lantarki

Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga Hoto 1, wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau ba shi da matsala, don haka babu hayaniya. Duk da haka, ainihin wutar lantarki yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, kuma an rarraba impedance a kan dukkanin wutar lantarki, sabili da haka, sautin kuma za a sanya shi a kan wutar lantarki. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a rage ƙarancin wutar lantarki kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma yana da kyau a sami madaidaicin madaurin wutar lantarki da ƙasa. A cikin ƙirar da’irar da’irar mita mai girma, gabaɗaya ya fi kyau a tsara wutar lantarki a cikin nau’i na nau’i fiye da hanyar bas, ta yadda madauki zai iya bi hanya tare da ƙarancin impedance. Bugu da ƙari, allon wutar lantarki dole ne ya samar da madaidaicin sigina don duk sigina da aka ƙirƙira da karɓar sigina akan PCB, ta yadda za a iya rage madaidaicin siginar, ta yadda za a rage hayaniya.

2) Tsangwama filin gama gari. Yana nufin amo tsakanin wutar lantarki da ƙasa. Tsangwama ce ta haifar da wutar lantarki ta gama gari ta hanyar madauki da aka kirkira ta hanyar da’irar da aka yi wa katsalandan da ma’anar ma’anar gama gari ta wani wutar lantarki. Darajarsa ya dogara da filin lantarki na dangi da filin maganadisu. Ƙarfin ya dogara da ƙarfi. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2.

Tsangwama na gama gari

A kan wannan tashar, digo a cikin Ic zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na gama gari a cikin jerin madauki na yanzu, wanda zai shafi ɓangaren karɓa. Idan filin maganadisu ya yi rinjaye, ƙimar ƙarfin yanayin gama gari da aka samar a cikin jerin madauki na ƙasa shine:

Yanayin gama gari irin ƙarfin lantarki

A cikin dabara (1), ΔB shine canji a cikin juzu’in motsin maganadisu, Wb/m2; S shine yanki, m2.

Idan filin lantarki ne, lokacin da aka san darajar filin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarkin da ya haifar shine

Inductive ƙarfin lantarki

Equation (2) gabaɗaya ya shafi L=150/F ko ƙasa da haka, inda F shine mitar igiyoyin lantarki a MHz.

Kwarewar marubucin ita ce: Idan wannan iyaka ya wuce, ƙididdige ƙididdiga mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki za a iya sauƙaƙe zuwa:

Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo

3) Tsangwama yanayin yanayi daban-daban. Yana nufin tsangwama tsakanin wutar lantarki da shigar da layukan wutar lantarki. A cikin ainihin ƙirar PCB, marubucin ya gano cewa rabonsa a cikin ƙarar wutar lantarki yana da ƙananan ƙananan, don haka ba lallai ba ne a tattauna shi a nan.

4) Tsangwama tsakanin layi. Yana nufin tsangwama tsakanin layin wutar lantarki. Lokacin da akwai juna capacitance C da juna inductance M1-2 tsakanin biyu daban-daban a layi daya haihuwarka, idan akwai irin ƙarfin lantarki VC da kuma na yanzu IC a tsangwama tushen kewaye, da ya tsoma baki kewaye zai bayyana:

A. Wutar lantarki haɗe ta hanyar capacitive impedance shine

Wutar lantarki haɗe ta hanyar capacitive impedance

A cikin dabara (4), RV ita ce madaidaicin ƙimar juriya na kusa da ƙarshen juriya na da’irar da aka tsangwama.

B. Jerin juriya ta hanyar haɗa haɗin gwiwa

Juriya na jeri ta hanyar haɗa haɗin gwiwa

Idan akwai hayaniyar yanayi gama gari a tushen tsangwama, tsangwama-zuwa-layi gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar nau’i na yanayin gama gari da yanayin banbanta.

5) Haɗin layin wutar lantarki. Yana nufin abin da ke faruwa cewa bayan igiyar wutar AC ko DC ta shiga tsakani na lantarki, igiyar wutar tana watsa kutsawar zuwa wasu na’urori. Wannan shi ne tsangwama kai tsaye na hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki zuwa da’irar mai girma. Ya kamata a lura cewa hayaniyar wutar lantarki ba lallai ba ne ta haifar da ita, amma kuma yana iya zama hayaniyar da ke haifar da kutse daga waje, sannan kuma a sanya wannan amo tare da karar da kanta (radiation ko conduction) ta haifar don tsoma baki tare da wasu hanyoyin sadarwa. ko na’urori.

Matakan don kawar da tsangwama amo na wutar lantarki

Dangane da bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban da kuma musabbabin kutsewar hayaniyar wutar lantarki da aka yi nazari a sama, yanayin da yake faruwa zai iya lalata shi ta hanyar da aka yi niyya, kuma za a iya danne kutsen sautin wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata. Maganganun sune kamar haka: 1) Kula da ramukan da ke kan allo. Ramin ramin yana buƙatar buɗewa akan madaurin wutar lantarki don a liƙa don barin sarari don ramin ya wuce. Idan buɗaɗɗen wutar lantarki ya yi girma, babu makawa zai yi tasiri ga madauki na siginar, za a tilasta siginar wucewa, yankin madauki zai ƙaru, kuma ƙara zai ƙaru. A lokaci guda, idan wasu layukan sigina suka tattara kusa da buɗewa kuma suna raba wannan madauki, rashin ƙarfi na gama gari zai haifar da gunaguni. Duba Hoto na 3.

Ketare hanyar gama gari na da’irar sigina

2) Ana buƙatar isassun wayoyi na ƙasa don haɗin haɗin kai. Kowane sigina yana buƙatar samun madaidaicin siginar siginar kansa, kuma yankin madauki na siginar da madauki yana da ƙanƙanta kamar yadda zai yiwu, ma’ana, siginar da madauki dole ne su kasance daidai da juna.

3) Sanya matattarar ƙararrawar wutar lantarki. Yana iya yadda ya kamata ya kashe amo a cikin wutar lantarki kuma ya inganta tsangwama da aminci na tsarin. Kuma matatar mitar rediyo ce ta hanya biyu, wacce ba wai kawai za ta iya tace kutsawar hayaniya da aka bullo da ita daga layin wutar lantarki ba (domin hana kutse daga wasu kayan aiki), amma kuma tana tace karar da kanta ke haifarwa (domin kauce wa tsoma baki da sauran kayan aiki). ), da tsoma baki tare da yanayin gama gari na serial. Dukansu suna da tasirin hanawa.

4) Wutar keɓewar wutar lantarki. Rarraba madaukai na wutar lantarki ko madauki na yanayin gama gari na kebul na siginar, yana iya keɓe madaidaicin madauki na yau da kullun da aka samar a cikin babban mitar.

5) Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki. Sake samun wutar lantarki mai tsabta zai iya rage yawan amo na wutar lantarki.

6) Waya. Hanyoyin shigarwa da fitarwa na samar da wutar lantarki bai kamata a sanya su a gefen allon dielectric ba, in ba haka ba yana da sauƙi don samar da radiation da tsoma baki tare da wasu da’irori ko kayan aiki.

7) Ya kamata a raba wutar lantarki ta analog da dijital. Na’urori masu tsayin daka gabaɗaya suna da matuƙar kula da hayaniyar dijital, don haka ya kamata a ware su biyu kuma a haɗa su tare a ƙofar wutar lantarki. Idan siginar yana buƙatar faɗaɗa duka sassan analog da dijital, ana iya sanya madauki a madaidaicin siginar don rage yankin madauki. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 4.

Sanya madauki a madaidaicin siginar don rage yankin madauki

8) Guji zoba na kayan wuta daban-daban tsakanin yadudduka daban-daban. Sanya su gwargwadon iyawa, in ba haka ba ana iya haɗe sautin wutar lantarki cikin sauƙi ta hanyar ƙarfin parasitic.

9) Ware abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci. Wasu abubuwan da aka gyara, kamar madaukai masu kulle-kulle (PLL), suna da matuƙar kula da hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki. Ka kiyaye su nesa da wutar lantarki gwargwadon iko.

10) Sanya igiyar wutar lantarki. Domin rage madauki na sigina, ana iya rage ƙarar ta hanyar sanya layin wutar lantarki a gefen layin siginar, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5.

Sanya igiyar wuta kusa da layin sigina

11) Domin hana hayaniyar wutar lantarki shiga tsakani da allon kewayawa da kuma tarin hayaniyar da ke haifar da kutsewar waje ga wutar lantarki, ana iya haɗa capacitor na kewayawa zuwa ƙasa a cikin hanyar tsoma baki (sai dai radiation), ta yadda za a iya haɗawa da maɓallin kewayawa zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya kewaya hayaniyar zuwa ƙasa don guje wa tsoma baki tare da wasu kayan aiki da na’urori.

Hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta fito ne kai tsaye ko a kaikaice daga wutar lantarki kuma tana yin katsalandan ga kewaye. Lokacin danne tasirin sa akan da’irar, yakamata a bi ƙa’ida ta gaba ɗaya. A gefe guda, ya kamata a hana karar wutar lantarki kamar yadda zai yiwu. Tasirin da’irar kuma, ya kamata ya rage tasirin waje ko da’ira a kan wutar lantarki, don kada ya kara tabarbarewar hayaniyar wutar lantarki.