Kwamitin PCB zane yana buƙatar samar da bayanai:

(1) Tsarin zane: cikakken tsarin takaddar lantarki wanda zai iya samar da madaidaicin jerin yanar gizo (netlist);

(2) Girman injin: don samar da gano takamaiman matsayi da shugabanci na kayan sakawa, kazalika da gano takamaiman wurin iyakance girman matsayi;

(3) Jerin BOM: galibi yana ƙaddara kuma yana bincika takamaiman bayanan fakitin kayan aiki akan ƙirar ƙirar;

(4) Jagorar wayoyi: bayanin takamaiman buƙatun don takamaiman sigina, kazalika da rashin ƙarfi, lamination da sauran buƙatun ƙira.

Tsarin ƙirar ƙirar ƙwallon PCB kamar haka:

Shirya – & gt; Tsarin tsarin PCB – & GT; Tsarin PCB – & GT; Wayoyi – & gt; Inganta hanya da allon -> Binciken cibiyar sadarwa da DRC da binciken tsarin -> Kwamitin PCB.

1: Shiri na farko

1) Wannan ya haɗa da shirya dakunan karatu da kayan aiki. “Idan kuna son yin wani abu mai kyau, dole ne ku fara haɓaka kayan aikin ku.” Don gina katako mai kyau, ban da ƙirar ƙa’idodi, dole ne ku zana da kyau. Kafin ci gaba da ƙirar PCB, dole ne ku fara shirya ɗakin ɗakin karatu na SCH mai ƙira da ɗakin ɗakin karatu na PCB (wannan shine matakin farko – mai mahimmanci). Dakunan karatu na ɓangarori na iya amfani da dakunan karatu waɗanda ke zuwa tare da Protel, amma galibi yana da wahala a sami wanda ya dace. Zai fi kyau ku gina ɗakin ɗakin karatu na kanku gwargwadon daidaitattun bayanai na girman na’urar da kuka zaɓa.

Ainihin, aiwatar da ɗakin ɗakin karatu na PCB da farko, sannan SCH’s. Labarin ɓangaren PCB yana da babban abin buƙata, wanda ke shafar shigar PCB kai tsaye. Libraryakin ɗakin karatu na SCH yana da annashuwa, muddin kuna mai da hankali don ayyana sifofin fil da wasiƙar su ga abubuwan PCB.

PS: Lura da ɓoye ɓoye a cikin daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu. Then comes the schematic design, and when it’s ready, the PCB design can begin.

2) Lokacin yin ɗakin karatu na ƙira, lura ko an haɗa fil ɗin zuwa allon fitarwa/fitarwa na PCB kuma duba ɗakin karatu.

2. Tsarin tsarin PCB

Wannan matakin yana jawo saman PCB a cikin yanayin ƙirar PCB gwargwadon ƙimar hukumar da aka ƙaddara da wurare daban -daban na injiniya, kuma yana sanya abubuwan haɗin da ake buƙata, maɓallai/juyawa, bututun nixie, alamomi, bayanai, da abubuwan fitarwa gwargwadon buƙatun matsayi. , ramin rami, ramin shigarwa, da dai sauransu, cikakken la’akari da ƙayyade yankin wayoyi da yankin da ba a haɗa shi ba (kamar girman ramin dunƙule yanki ne mara haɗawa).

Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga ainihin girman (yankin da aka mamaye da tsayi) na abubuwan biyan kuɗi, matsayin dangi tsakanin abubuwan haɗin – girman sarari, da farfajiyar da aka sanya kayan don tabbatar da aikin lantarki na hukumar kewaye. . Yayin tabbatar da yuwuwar da dacewa da samarwa da shigarwa, yakamata a yi gyare -gyaren da suka dace ga kayan aikin don tsaftace shi yayin tabbatar da cewa an nuna ƙa’idodin da ke sama. Idan an sanya na’urar ɗaya daidai kuma a cikin alkibla ɗaya, ba za a iya sanya ta ba. Aikin faci ne. “

3. Tsarin PCB

1) Tabbatar tsarin zane yayi daidai kafin shimfidawa – wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci! —- yana da matukar muhimmanci!

An kammala zane -zane. Abubuwan dubawa sune: grid power, grid grid, da dai sauransu.

2) Tsarin yakamata ya mai da hankali ga sanya kayan aikin saman (musamman plug-ins, da sauransu) da sanya kayan aiki (sanya a tsaye ko a tsaye), don tabbatar da yuwuwar da dacewa da shigarwa.

3) Sanya na’urar a kan allon da’irar tare da farar fata. A wannan gaba, idan duk shirye-shiryen da ke sama sun cika, zaku iya samar da teburin cibiyar sadarwa (zane-gt; CreateNetlist), sannan shigo da teburin cibiyar sadarwa (Design-> LoadNets) akan PCB. Na ga cikakken tarin kayan aiki, tare da haɗin haɗin waya mai sauri tsakanin fil, sannan kuma shimfidar na’urar.

Tsarin shimfidar gabaɗaya ya dogara da waɗannan ƙa’idodi:

A cikin shimfidar lokacin da nake kwance, yakamata ku tantance farfajiyar da za’a sanya na’urar: gabaɗaya, yakamata a sanya faci a gefe ɗaya, kuma plug-ins yakamata su nemi takamaiman abubuwa.

1) Dangane da madaidaicin rarrabuwa na aikin wutar lantarki, gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa: yanki na dijital (tsangwama, tsangwama), yankin da’irar analog (tsoron tsangwama), yankin fitar da wutar lantarki (tushen kutse);

2) Yankuna masu aiki iri ɗaya yakamata a sanya su kusa da yuwuwar, kuma yakamata a daidaita abubuwan don tabbatar da haɗin mafi sauƙi; A lokaci guda, daidaita matsayin dangi tsakanin tubalan aikin, ta yadda haɗin tsakanin tubalan aikin shine mafi ƙanƙanta;

3) Don sassa masu inganci, ya kamata a yi la’akari da matsayin shigarwa da ƙarfin shigarwa;Yakamata a sanya abubuwan dumama daban daga abubuwan da ke da zafin zafin jiki kuma, idan ya cancanta, yakamata a yi la’akari da matakan ɗaukar zafi;

5) Mai samar da agogo (misali crystal ko agogo) yakamata ya kasance kusa da na’urar ta amfani da agogo;

6) Bukatun shimfidawa yakamata su kasance masu daidaituwa, masu ɗimbin yawa da tsari, ba manyan-nauyi ko nutsewa ba.

4. Waya

Wiring shine mafi mahimmancin tsari a ƙirar PCB. Wannan zai shafi aikin PCB kai tsaye. A cikin ƙirar PCB, wayoyi gabaɗaya yana da matakai uku na rarrabuwa: na farko shine haɗin, sannan mafi mahimman buƙatun ƙirar PCB. Idan ba a shimfida wayoyi ba kuma wayoyin suna tashi, to zai zama jirgi mara inganci. Yana da kyau a ce ba a fara ba tukuna. The second is electrical performance satisfaction. Wannan ma’aunin ma’aunin daidaiton allon da’irar da aka buga. An haɗa wannan bayan daidaita daidaiton wayoyi don cimma ingantaccen aikin lantarki, sannan kayan kwalliya. Idan an haɗa wayoyin ku, to babu wani wuri da zai shafi aikin wutar lantarki, amma a kallon da ya gabata, akwai haske mai yawa, mai launi, to yaya kyawun aikin ku na lantarki, a gaban wasu har yanzu yanki ne na datti . Wannan yana kawo babban damuwa ga gwaji da kulawa. Wayoyi yakamata su kasance masu daidaituwa da daidaituwa, ba tare da ƙa’idodi da ƙa’idodi ba. Dole ne a cimma waɗannan yayin tabbatar da aikin lantarki da sauran buƙatun keɓaɓɓu.

Ana aiwatar da wayoyi daidai da ƙa’idodi masu zuwa:

1) A ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, yakamata a fara haɗa igiyar wutan lantarki da ƙasa don tabbatar da aikin lantarki na hukumar kewaye. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, yi ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa wutar lantarki da faɗin waya na ƙasa. Igiyoyin ƙasa sun fi igiyoyin wuta ƙarfi. Alakarsu ita ce: waya ta kasa> Igiyar wutar & gt; Layin sigina. Gabaɗaya, faɗin layin siginar shine 0.2 ~ 0.3mm. Mafi girman faɗin zai iya kaiwa 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, kuma igiyar wutan gabaɗaya ita ce 1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Don PCBS na dijital, ana iya amfani da waya mai faɗin ƙasa don samar da madaukai don cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa (ba za a iya amfani da alamar analog kamar haka ba);

2) Yin aiki da buƙatun mafi girma (kamar layin madaidaiciya), shigarwa da gefuna fitarwa yakamata a guji daidaituwa kusa, don gujewa tsangwama. Idan ya cancanta, haɗe tare da yin ƙasa, yadudduka biyu na wayoyi da ke kusa ya kamata su kasance daidai da juna, a layi ɗaya mai saukin kamuwa da haɗin gwiwar parasitic;

3) Ginin oscillator yana da tushe, kuma layin agogo yakamata ya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ba za a iya kawo shi ko’ina ba. A ƙasa agogon jujjuyawar agogo, sashin keɓaɓɓiyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar hanya yakamata ta ƙara yankin ƙasa, kada ta yi amfani da wasu lamuran sigina, don yin filin wutar lantarki kusa da sifiri;

4) Yi amfani da polyline 45 ° gwargwadon iko, kar a yi amfani da polyline 90 ° don rage hasken siginar siginar mita; (ana buƙatar babban layi don amfani da baka biyu);

5) Kada a sanya madauki akan kowane layin sigina. Idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, madauki ya zama ƙarami kamar yadda zai yiwu; Adadin ramukan don kebul na sigina yakamata ya zama ƙarami.

6) Layin maɓalli yakamata ya zama ɗan gajere da kauri, kuma yakamata a ƙara kariya a ɓangarorin biyu;

7) Lokacin watsa sigina masu mahimmanci da siginar filin amo ta igiyoyin lebur, yakamata a fitar dasu ta hanyar “siginar ƙasa – Wayar ƙasa”;

8) Ya kamata a tanadi mahimman sigina don wuraren gwaji don sauƙaƙe kuskure, samarwa da gwajin tabbatarwa;

9) Bayan an kammala tsarin wayoyi, yakamata a inganta wayoyi. A lokaci guda, bayan binciken cibiyar sadarwa na farko da dubawar DRC daidai ne, ana yin ƙasa na yankin mara waya, kuma ana amfani da babban jan ƙarfe azaman ƙasa, kuma ana amfani da allon da’irar da aka buga. An haɗa wuraren da ba a amfani da su a ƙasa a matsayin ƙasa. Ko yin katako mai fa’ida mai yawa, samar da wutar lantarki, sanya ƙasa kowanne da lissafin Layer.

5. Ƙara hawaye

Tsagewa shine haɗin ɗigon ruwa tsakanin kushin da layi ko tsakanin layi da ramin jagora. Manufar hawaye shine don gujewa tuntuɓar tsakanin waya da kushin ko tsakanin waya da ramin jagora lokacin da aka yiwa jirgin babban ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, yankewa, Saitunan hawaye na iya sanya allon PCB yayi kyau.

A cikin ƙirar allon kewaye, don ƙarfafa kushin da ƙarfi kuma hana farantin inji, kushin waldi da walda waya tsakanin ragargaje, kushin waldi da waya galibi ana saita shi tsakanin fim ɗin jan ƙarfe na juyi, siffar kamar hawaye, don haka yana yawanci ake kira hawaye.

6. Bi da bi, rajistan farko shine a kalli yadudduka na Keepout, saman saman, topoverlay na ƙasa da rufin ƙasa.

7. Duba tsarin wutar lantarki: ta rami (0 ta rami – abin mamaki; 0.8 iyaka), ko akwai fashewar grid, mafi ƙarancin tazara (10mil), gajeriyar madaidaiciya (kowane ma’aunin da aka bincika ɗaya bayan ɗaya)

8. Duba igiyoyin wuta da igiyoyin ƙasa – tsangwama. (Filter capacitance yakamata ya kasance kusa da guntu)

9. Bayan kammala PCB, sake shigar da alamar cibiyar sadarwa don bincika idan an gyara jerin sunayen – yana aiki lafiya.

10. Bayan kammala PCB, duba kewaye na manyan kayan aiki don tabbatar da daidaito.