Yuav kom ua rau qhov tsis xws luag uas Gerber, cov tsoos PCB cov ntaub ntawv tus qauv, tsis tuaj yeem pauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv ob txoj hauv kev, peb tus neeg sib tw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv PCB tshiab tau qhia: IPC’s GenCAM, Valor’s ODB + + thiab EIA’s EDIF400. Kev tshawb fawb kev nce qib ntawm PCB tsim / tsim cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv tshuab yog tshuaj xyuas. Cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab kev tsim qauv kev cia siab ntawm PCB cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv tau tham. Nws tau taw qhia tias tam sim no point-to-point switching hom ntawm PCB tsim thiab tsim khoom yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau ib qho zoo tagnrho hloov hom.

Cov lus qhia

Rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, kev lag luam hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau ua los ntawm high-end Integrated Circuit (IC) chips, high-speed Printed Circuit Board (PCB), PCB) thiab Electronic Design AutomaTion (EDA) technology. Raws li lub subsystem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, PCB plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm core module unit hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Raws li kev txheeb cais, lub voj voog tsim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob suav nrog ntau dua 60% ntawm tag nrho cov kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim khoom; Thiab 80% ~ 90% ntawm tus nqi yog txiav txim siab hauv kev tsim cov nti thiab PCB subsystem. PCB tsim / tsim cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov kws tsim hluav taws xob siv EDA cov cuab yeej, suav nrog kev tsim khoom, kev sib dhos thiab kev sim ntawm PCB. PCB cov ntaub ntawv hom qauv yog cov lus piav qhia los tswj PCB layout tsim, uas yog siv los paub txog cov ntaub ntawv hloov ntawm EDA cov cuab yeej lossis cov neeg tsim qauv, cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv ntawm schematics thiab layout, thiab seamless kev sib txuas ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom.

Gerber yog qhov tseeb PCB cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam tus qauv thiab tseem siv dav. Los ntawm Gerber tus qauv hauv xyoo 1970 mus rau Gerber 274X hauv xyoo 1992, qee cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog PCB ua thiab kev sib dhos tsis tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm lossis suav nrog Ger2ber hom rau kev tsim qauv, xws li PCB pawg thawj coj saib, nruab nrab tuab thiab txheej txheem tsis. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab cov ntaub ntawv Gerber raug xa mus rau PCB processor, cov teeb meem xws li kev tsim qauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb feem ntau pom los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov teeb pom kev zoo. Lub sijhawm no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau lub tuam tsev tsim qauv kom rov tsim cov ntaub ntawv Gerber ua ntej ua PCB. Qhov kev rov ua haujlwm zoo li no yuav siv li 30% ntawm lub voj voog kev loj hlob, thiab qhov teeb meem yog tias Gerber yog ib txoj kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv, tsis yog ob txoj kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv. Gerber txoj kev tawm ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm PCB hom yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau meej meej uas yuav hloov Gerber raws li tus qauv txuas ntxiv rau PCB cov ntaub ntawv.

Tus txheej txheem tshiab PCB cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv tau npaj siab nyob txawv teb chaws, thiab peb qhov kev lees paub tus neeg sib tw hom yog: Lub koom haum rau ntim thiab sib txuas, IPC), Generic Computer Aided Manufacturing (GenCAM), Val2or’S ODB + + thiab Electronic Indus2tries AssociaTion, EDIF400 EIA). Kev tsom mus rau cov qauv tuaj raws li ntau lab nyiaj daus las tau ploj hauv xyoo tas los no vim muaj kev pauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias ntau dua 3% ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm cov nqi ua haujlwm raug nkim txhua xyoo ntawm kev ua tiav thiab siv tau cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv lwm lo lus, ntau lab nyiaj daus las raug nkim rau tag nrho kev lag luam hluav taws xob txhua xyoo! Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom pov tseg ncaj qha, rov qab sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg tsim khoom siv ntau lub zog thiab lub sijhawm vim cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis qis, qhov no yog lwm tus nqi tsis pom.

IPC GenCAM yog ib daim qauv ntawm PCB tsim / tsim cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv tus qauv tsim los ntawm IPC, uas yog lub koom haum ANSI tau lees paub cov qauv kev tshawb fawb rau PCB. Cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm GEN-CAM muaj npe IPC-2511 thiab muaj ntau tus qauv ntawm IPC-2510 series (IPC-2512 rau IPC-2518). Ipc-2510 series cov qauv yog raws li GenCAD hom (qhia los ntawm Mitron), thiab cov qauv sub-dependent. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus qauv no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ncoo, thaj, ntxig, cov kab teeb liab, thiab lwm yam. Yuav luag txhua cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm PCB tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm GenCAM tsis.

GenCAM cov qauv ntaub ntawv muab ob qho tib si tsim thiab tsim engineers nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm rau cov chaw tsim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, xws li ntxiv kev tso cai los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua, muab ntau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim vaj huam sib luag, thiab lwm yam. GenCAM txais ASC ⅱ hom ntawv thiab txhawb 14 cov cim duab. GenCAM suav nrog tag nrho ntawm 20 cov ntaub ntawv ntu qhia txog kev tsim qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus tsim khoom. Txhua ntu qhia txog kev ua haujlwm lossis ib txoj haujlwm. MAssembly SMT chav kawm paub qhia txog kev paub SMT kev paub hauv cov lus sib tham. Maxam Technology, thawj PCB (MaxAM paub chav kawm) qauv pawg thawj coj saib xyuas, cov khoom yuav khoom, thiab thaj chaw muab kev pabcuam ib-nres! Txhua ntu yog qhov kev ywj pheej ywj pheej thiab tuaj yeem siv ua cov ntaub ntawv cais. GenCAM’s 20 cov ntaub ntawv ntu yog: Header, xaj cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, Primitives, graphics, txheej, thiab welded blocks Stacks, Qauv, Pob, tsev neeg, thiab khoom siv. Devices, Mechani2Cals, Cheebtsam, txoj hauv kev, Fais fab, Testconnects, boards, Panels, FlxTUR Es), kos duab thiab hloov.

GenCAM tso cai rau 20 cov lus qhia saum toj no tsuas yog tshwm sim ib zaug hauv cov ntaub ntawv, muab cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom los ntawm kev hloov pauv ua ke. GenCAM khaws cia cov hierarchy thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv semantics, thiab txhua yam khoom siv ua haujlwm tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv ntu cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Cov ntawv dhau los ntawm GenCAM 2.0 cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li bacos ib txwm Daim Ntawv (BNF) cov cai. GenCAM 2.0 txais yuav XML cov ntaub ntawv hom qauv thiab XML scheme, tab sis cov qauv ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv IPC-2511A tsis tau hloov pauv. Tus tshiab version tsuas yog rov sau lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau hloov.

Tam sim no, ntau CAM software muag khoom ntawm EDA thiab PCB txhawb GenCAM ua cov ntaub ntawv pauv hloov pauv. Cov tuam txhab EDA no suav nrog Mentor, Cadence, Zuken, OrCAD, PADS thiab Veribest. PCB CAM Software cov neeg muag khoom suav nrog ACT, IGI, Mitron, RouterSolutions, Wise Software thiab GraphiCode, thiab lwm yam.

Valor ODB + + Open Data Base (ODB + +), launched los ntawm Israel Valor Computing Systems, tso cai rau tsim rau Manufacturing (DFM) cov cai yuav tsum embodied nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tsim. ODB + + siv extensible ASC ⅱ hom ntawv los khaws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv engineering tsim nyog rau PCB tsim thiab sib dhos hauv ib qho chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Ib qho chaw khaws ntaub ntawv muaj cov duab kos duab, cov ntaub ntawv drilling, xov hlau, cov khoom siv, netlists, specifications, drawings, engineering txheej txheem txhais, qhia functions, ECO thiab DFM tau, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg tsim qauv tuaj yeem hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv no thaum lub sij hawm DFM tsim los txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm thiab teeb meem thaiv ua ntej kev sib dhos.

ODB + + yog hom bidirectional uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv hla mus thiab nce. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tsim tau raug xa mus rau PCB lub khw hauv ASC ⅱ daim ntawv, tus txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm xws li etching nyiaj, vaj huam sib luag duab, tso zis drilling, thaiv thiab yees duab.

ODB + + txais yuav cov qauv kev txawj ntse ntau dua, kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb yog: (1) suav nrog impedance, kub-plated / tsis kub-plated qhov, tshwj xeeb qhov sib txuas phaj txheej thiab lwm yam txheej txheem system; (2) Siv WYSIWYG tshem tawm cov lus piav qhia tsis meej; ③ Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv ib theem feature; ④ Cov phaj txheej tshwj xeeb thiab cov lus txhais ua ntu zus; Cov khoom ntim raug thiab tus pin qauv; ⑥ Txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv BOM.

ODB + + siv cov qauv ntaub ntawv uas sawv cev rau tus qauv tsim raws li cov ntaub ntawv kab ntoo, nrog rau cov subfolders uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog nyob rau hauv daim nplaub tshev tsim. Txoj kev tsob ntoo tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm cov tshuab sib txawv yam tsis tau poob cov ntaub ntawv. Cov qauv ntoo no tso cai rau qee cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev tsim los nyeem thiab sau ib tus zuj zus yam tsis tau nyeem thiab sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv loj, tsis yog ib daim ntawv loj. 13 txheej ntawm ODB ++ cov ntaub ntawv kab ntoo yog cov kauj ruam, matrix, cim, Stackups, Cov Ntawv Ua Haujlwm, thiab Ua Haujlwm Flows, Attributes, Aperture tables, input, output, user, extension, log, etc.

Ib txwm ODB + + tsim muaj peev xwm muaj txog li 53 cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, ntxiv rau 2 cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv hauv ODB + + tsev qiv ntawv tsim. ODB + + txhawb nqa tag nrho ntawm 26 tus qauv duab cim.

Vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm PCB tsim, qee cov ntaub ntawv loj hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis haum rau cov txheej txheem cia. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ODB + + siv cov ntaub ntawv style ntawm kev sau cov ntawv hauv kab, txhua kab uas muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv sib cais los ntawm Spaces. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kab hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab ib txoj kab tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem xav kom cov kab tom ntej ua raws li daim ntawv xaj. Tus cwj pwm nyob rau ntawm qhov pib ntawm txhua kab txhais cov ntaub ntawv uas kab piav qhia.

Valor tau tso tawm rau pej xeem hauv xyoo 1997. Xyoo 2000, ODB + + (X) 1.0 txhawb nqa XML tus qauv raug tso tawm. ODB + + (X) 3.1A tau tso tawm xyoo 2001. ODB + + (X) rov sau cov ntaub ntawv lub koom haum ntawm ODB + + txhawm rau pab txhawb cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv ntawm kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom, thaum nws cov qauv ntaub ntawv tsis hloov ntau. Ib daim ntawv ODB + + (X) muaj rau tus menyuam loj, Ntawd yog, cov ntsiab lus (ODX-cov ntsiab lus), Daim nqi ntawm Cov Khoom Siv (ODX-BOM), Cov neeg muag khoom tso cai (ODX-AVL), Cov qauv tsim (ODX-CAD), cov ntaub ntawv muab (ODX-Logistics -HEADER) thiab hloov pauv (ODX-HistoryREC ), thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau tsim cov ntsiab lus siab (ODX).

EDA cov neeg muag khoom software xws li Cadence, Mentor, PADS, VeriBest thiab Zuken, ntawm lwm tus, tau pib txhawb ODB + + / ODB + + (X). PCB CAM cov neeg muag khoom software xws li Mitron, FABmaster, Unicam thiab Graphic kuj tau txais ODB + + thev naus laus zis. Ntawm cov tuam txhab software no, Valor cov neeg siv kev sib koom ua ke tau tsim. Ntev npaum li EDA cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab tau ua tiav, cov cuab yeej tsav tsheb thiab cov kev pab cuam tshawb pom tuaj yeem tsim.

EIA EDIF400 Electronic Design InterchangeFormat (EDIF) tau tsim thiab luam tawm los ntawm EIA.Nws yog ib qho qauv piav qhia txog kev ua qauv. EDIF yog cov qauv ASC ⅱ cov ntawv nyeem nrog BNF piav qhia hom. Versions ntawm EDIF300 thiab tom qab ntawd siv EXPRESS3 cov ntaub ntawv qauv qauv lus. EDIF300 piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hierarchy, cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev qiv ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv nraaj, cov ntaub ntawv khoom siv tau sai, cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv, cov ntaub ntawv coj tus cwj pwm, cov ntaub ntawv simulation thiab cov ntaub ntawv annotation.