Pofuna kukonza chilema chimene Gerber, chikhalidwe PCB mulingo wa data, sungathe kusinthanitsa deta m’njira ziwiri, mitundu itatu ya osankhidwa a PCB yatsopano ya data imayambitsidwa: IPC’s GenCAM, Valor’s ODB ++ ndi EIA’s EDIF400. Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku waukadaulo wa PCB wosinthana ndi data kumawunikidwa. Ukadaulo wofunikira ndi chiyembekezo chokhazikika pakusinthana kwa PCB kumakambidwa. Zimanenedwa kuti njira yosinthira pakapangidwe ka PCB ndikupanga iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala njira imodzi yabwino yosinthira.

Mawu oyamba

Kwa zaka zopitilira 20, makampani opanga zamagetsi komanso opanga akunja akuchitika ndi tchipisi tating’ono ta Integrated Circuit (IC), Printed Circuit Board (PCB) yothamanga kwambiri. PCB) ndi ukadaulo wa Electronic Design AutomaTIon (EDA). Monga gawo lazinthu zamagetsi, PCB imatenga gawo lalikulu pamakampani opanga zamagetsi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zimapitilira 60% yachitukuko chonse ndikupanga; Ndipo 80% ~ 90% ya mtengo imatsimikizika pakupanga kwa chip ndi dongosolo la PCB. Deta ya PCB yopanga/kupanga imapangidwa ndi opanga zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zida za EDA, kuphatikiza fabricaTIon, assembly and test of PCB. PCB data Format standard ndi chilankhulo chofotokozera chowongolera mapangidwe a PCB, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusamutsa kwa data pakati pa zida za EDA kapena opanga, kusinthana kwa data pakati pa schematics ndi masanjidwe, ndi kulumikizana kosasunthika pakati pa mapangidwe ndi kuyesa kopanga.

Gerber ndiye msika wamafuta ama data a PCB ndipo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito. Kuchokera ku Gerber prototype mu 1970 mpaka Gerber 274X mu 1992, mfundo zina zokhudzana ndi PCB processing ndi msonkhano sangathe kufotokozedwa kapena kuphatikizidwa mu Ger2ber mtundu kwa mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, monga PCB bolodi mtundu, makulidwe sing’anga ndi ndondomeko magawo. Makamaka fayilo ya Gerber itaperekedwa kwa purosesa ya PCB, mavuto monga mikangano ya malamulo amapangidwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri poyang’ana chithunzithunzi chojambula. Panthawi imeneyi, m’pofunika kubwerera dipatimenti kapangidwe kuti regenerate fayilo Gerber pamaso PCB processing. Kukonzanso kotereku kumatenga 30% yazoyenda, ndipo vuto ndiloti Gerber ndi njira yosamutsira njira imodzi, osati njira zosinthira njira ziwiri. Kutuluka kwa Gerber pamafomu ambiri a PCB ndikofunikira, koma sizikudziwika bwino zomwe zingalowe m’malo mwa Gerber ngati mulingo wotsatira wa PCB.

Njira yatsopano yosinthira deta ya PCB ikukonzekera kunja, ndipo mitundu itatu yovomerezeka ndi iyi: InsTItute for Packaging and Interconnect, IPC), Generic Computer Aided Production (GenCAM), Val2or’S ODB + + ndi Electronic Indus2tries AssociaTIon, MAFUNSO A EDIF400). Kuyang’ana kwambiri pamiyezo kumabwera ngati mamiliyoni a madola atayika m’zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chosinthana bwino kwa data. Zimanenedwa kuti zopitilira 3% zamakina osindikizira zimawonongeka chaka chilichonse pokonza ndi kutsimikizira deta. Mwanjira ina, madola mabiliyoni akuwonongeka pamakampani onse azamagetsi chaka chilichonse! Kuphatikiza pa zinyalala zachindunji, kulumikizana mobwerezabwereza pakati pa opanga ndi opanga kumawononga mphamvu zambiri komanso nthawi chifukwa chazidziwitso zosavomerezeka. Kupanga zamagetsi zotsika, iyi ndi mtengo wina wosawoneka.

IPC GenCAM ndi pulani ya PCB design/kupanga data exchange standard yopangidwa ndi IPC, yomwe ndi bungwe lovomerezeka la ANSI lovomerezeka la PCB. Chikalata chovomerezeka cha GEN-CAM chimatchedwa IPC-2511 ndipo chili ndi magawo angapo a IPC-2510 mndandanda (IPC-2512 mpaka IPC-2518). Miyezo ya mndandanda wa Ipc-2510 idakhazikitsidwa pamitundu ya GenCAD (yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi Mitron), ndipo milingo yaying’ono imadalirana. Zolemba za muyezo uwu zikuphatikizapo zambiri za mtundu wa bolodi, pad, chigamba, choyikapo, mzere wa chizindikiro, ndi zina zotero. Pafupifupi mauthenga onse a PCB angapezeke kuchokera ku magawo a GenCAM.

Mawonekedwe a GenCAM amapatsa onse opanga ndi opanga opanga mwayi wopeza zidziwitso. Pakutulutsa kwa data kwa wopanga, deta imathanso kukulitsidwa, monga kuwonjezera kulolerana komwe kumaloledwa ndi njira yopangira, kupereka zidziwitso zingapo zopanga mapanelo, ndi zina zambiri. GenCAM imatengera mtundu wa ASC ⅱ ndipo imathandizira zilembo 14. GenCAM imaphatikizira magawo 20 azidziwitso omwe akufotokoza zofunikira pakupanga ndi zambiri pakupanga. Gawo lirilonse likuwonetsa ntchito kapena ntchito. Kalasi lazidziwitso la MAssembly SMT limakhazikitsa ukadaulo wazidziwitso za SMT mchilankhulo chazonse. Maxam Technology, woyamba PCB (MaxAM chidziwitso m’kalasi) board board, zogula zinthu, ndi patch one-stop service provider! Gawo lirilonse lodziyimira palokha ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati fayilo yapadera. Magawo 20 azidziwitso a GenCAM ndi awa: Mutu, kuyitanitsa zambiri zazidziwitso, Primitives, zithunzi, zigawo, ndi zotchinga Zowundana, Zitsanzo, Phukusi, mabanja, ndi zida. Zipangizo, Mechani2Cals, Zigawo, njira, Mphamvu, Kuyankhulana, matabwa, mapanelo, FlxTUR Es), zojambula ndi kusintha.

GenCAM imalola magawo 20 omwe ali pamwambapa kuti awonekere kamodzi mufayiloyi, ndikupereka chidziwitso chosiyanasiyana pakupanga kosintha kosakanikirana. GenCAM imasunga utsogoleri ndi kapangidwe ka chidziwitso cha chidziwitso, ndipo chipangizo chilichonse chopanga chimangotengera gawo lachidziwitso chogwirizana ndi ntchito yake.

Mafayilo am’mbuyomu a GenCAM 2.0 amatsatira malamulo a bacos normal Fomu (BNF). GenCAM 2.0 imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a fayilo ya XML ndi chiwembu cha XML, koma chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri mu IPC-2511A sichinasinthe. Mtundu watsopanowu umangolembanso bungwe la chidziwitso, koma zomwe zili muzambiri sizinasinthe.

Pakadali pano, ambiri ogulitsa mapulogalamu a CAM a EDA ndi PCB amathandizira GenCAM monga mtundu wosinthira deta. Makampani awa a EDA akuphatikizapo Mentor, Cadence, Zuken, OrCAD, PADS ndi Veribest. Otsatsa Mapulogalamu a PCB CAM akuphatikizapo ACT, IGI, Mitron, RouterSolutions, Wise Software ndi GraphiCode, ndi zina zotero.

Valor ODB + + Open Data Base (ODB + +), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Israel Valor Computing Systems, imalola kuti malamulo a Design for Manufacturing (DFM) aziphatikizidwa pakupanga. ODB + + imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa ASC ens wowonjezera kuti isunge zonse zomangamanga zofunikira pakupanga kwa PCB ndi kusungika mu database imodzi. Nawonso achichepere amodzi amakhala ndi zithunzi, zoboola, zingwe, zigawo zikuluzikulu, mindandanda, mafotokozedwe, zojambula, matanthauzidwe amachitidwe aukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito, malipoti a ECO ndi DFM, ndi zina zambiri. Okonza amatha kusintha nkhokwezi panthawi ya mapangidwe a DFM kuti azindikire mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi mawaya asanayambe kusonkhana.

ODB + + ndi mbali ziwiri zomwe zimalola kuti deta ipitsidwe ndikukwera. Zomwe zapangidwe zikasamutsidwa ku shopu ya PCB mu mawonekedwe a ASC ⅱ, purosesa imatha kuchita zinthu monga kubweza chipukuta misozi, kujambula pazithunzi, kubowola, waya ndi kujambula.

ODB + + imatengera mawonekedwe omveka bwino, miyeso yeniyeni ndi: (1) kuphatikiza kutsekeka, dzenje lopukutidwa ndi golide / lopanda golide, wosanjikiza wina wa dzenje lolumikizira ndi machitidwe ena; (2) Gwiritsani ntchito WYSIWYG kuti muchotse kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane; ③ Makhalidwe a zinthu zonse ali pa gawo limodzi; ④ Wapadera mbale wosanjikiza ndi tsatanetsatane tanthauzo; Kuyika kolondola kwa chipangizo ndi kutengera mapini; ⑥ Thandizani kuphatikizidwa kwa data ya BOM.

ODB + + imagwiritsa ntchito fayilo yofananira yomwe imayimira kapangidwe kake ngati mtengo wamafayilo, wokhala ndi zikwatu zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi zofananira pazomwe zidapangidwa. Mtengo wamtunduwu umatha kusunthidwa pakati pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana osataya deta. Mtengo wamtunduwu umalola kuti zojambulazo ziwerengedwe ndi kulembedwa payokha popanda kuwerenga ndi kulemba fayilo yayikulu yonse, mosiyana ndi fayilo imodzi yayikulu. Zigawo 13 za mtengo wamafayilo a ODB ++ ndi masitepe, matrix, zizindikiro, Stackups, Mafomu Antchito, ndi Ntchito. Mayendedwe, Makhalidwe, Matebulo a Aperture, zolowetsa, zotulutsa, wosuta, zowonjezera, chipika, ndi zina.

Mapangidwe abwinobwino a ODB ++ amatha kukhala ndi mafayilo opangidwa mpaka 53 mufoda yomwe ili pamwambapa, kuphatikiza mafayilo ena 2 pakupanga laibulale ya ODB ++. ODB + + imagwirizira ziwonetsero zonse 26 zofananira.

Chifukwa chapadera pakapangidwe ka PCB, mafayilo ena akuluakulu mumadongosolo sakhala oyenera kusungidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, ODB + + imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a fayilo yojambulira malemba m’mizere, mzere uliwonse uli ndi zidziwitso zambiri zolekanitsidwa ndi Spaces. Dongosolo la mizere mufayilo ndikofunikira, ndipo mzere wina ungafune kuti mizere yotsatirayi itsatire mawonekedwe enaake. Chikhalidwe kumayambiriro kwa mzere uliwonse chimatanthauzira mtundu wazidziwitso zomwe mzerewu umalongosola.

Valor adatulutsidwa kwa anthu mu 1997. Mu 2000, ODB + + (X) 1.0 yothandizidwa ndi XML muyezo idatulutsidwa. ODB + + (X) 3.1A idatulutsidwa mu 2001. ODB + + (X) imalembanso bungwe lazambiri la ODB + + kuti lithandizire kusinthana kwa data pakati pa mapangidwe ndi kupanga, pomwe chidziwitso chake sichisintha kwambiri. Fayilo ya ODB + + (X) ili ndi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zazikulu zaana, Ndiye kuti, zokhutira (zomwe zili mu ODX), Bill of Materials (ODX-BOM), Wogulitsa ovomerezeka (ODX-AVL), kapangidwe Kothandizira (ODX-CAD), kupereka zambiri (ODX-Logistics -HEADER) ndikusintha (ODX-MbiriREC ), ndi zina. Kupanga chinthu chapamwamba (ODX).

Ogulitsa mapulogalamu a EDA monga Cadence, Mentor, PADS, VeriBest ndi Zuken, pakati pa ena, ayamba kuthandizira ODB + + / ODB + + (X). Otsatsa mapulogalamu a PCB CAM monga Mitron, FABmaster, Unicam ndi Graphic nawonso atengera luso la ODB ++. Pakati pamakampani opanga mapulogalamuwa, mgwirizano wa ogwiritsa ntchito a Valor umapangidwa. Malingana ngati deta ya EDA ikusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa mafayilo osalowerera ndale, madalaivala a zipangizo ndi mapulogalamu ozindikira amatha kupangidwa.

EIA EDIF400 Electronic Design InterchangeFormat (EDIF) idapangidwa ndikusindikizidwa ndi EIA.Ndikulongosola kwamalankhulidwe achilankhulo. EDIF ndi fayilo yolembedwa ya ASC ⅱ yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a BNF. Mabaibulo a EDIF300 ndipo kenako amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chachitsanzo cha EXPRESS3. EDIF300 imafotokoza zambiri kuphatikiza zidziwitso zotsogola, zambiri zamalumikizidwe, zidziwitso zama library, zidziwitso zazithunzi, chidziwitso chazinthu zokhazikika, chidziwitso cha kasamalidwe ka mapangidwe, zambiri zamakhalidwe a gawo, zambiri zoyeserera ndi chidziwitso chofotokozera.