Ukuze wenzele isiphambeko uGerber, wendabuko PCB izinga ledatha, alikwazi ukushintshanisa idatha ngezindlela ezimbili, amafomethi amathathu amakhandidethi ezinga ledatha le-PCB elisha ayaziswa: I-GenCAM ye-IPC, i-Valor’s ODB + + kanye ne-EIA’s EDIF400. Inqubekelaphambili yocwaningo ye-PCB design/ukukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe bokushintshisana kwedatha iyahlaziywa. Kuxoxiswana ngobuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nethuba lokumiswa lokushintshisana kwedatha ye-PCB. Kuyavezwa ukuthi imodi yamanje yokushintsha iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu yokuklama nokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kufanele iguqulwe ibe imodi yokushintsha ekahle eyodwa.

Isingeniso

Iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-20, imboni yasekhaya neyangaphandle ye-elekthronikhi yokuklama/yokukhiqiza yenziwa ngama-chips asezingeni eliphezulu e-Integrated Circuit (IC), i-high-speed Printed Circuit Board (PCB), PCB) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Electronic Design AutomaTIon (EDA). Njengohlelo olungaphansi lwemikhiqizo kagesi, i-PCB idlala indima yeyunithi yemojuli eyinhloko embonini yokukhiqiza ngogesi. Ngokwezibalo, umjikelezo wokuklama wemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ubala ngaphezu kuka-60% wawo wonke umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza; Futhi u-80% ~ 90% wezindleko unqunywa ekwakhiweni kwe-chip ne-PCB subsystem. Idatha yokuklama/yokukhiqiza ye-PCB ikhiqizwa abaklami be-elekthronikhi basebenzisa amathuluzi e-EDA, okuhlanganisa ukwenziwa, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwe-PCB. Idatha ye-PCB Izinga lefomethi iwulimi oluchazayo lokulawula ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-PCB, olusetshenziselwa ukubona ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwamathuluzi noma abaklami be-EDA, ukushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwe-schematics nesakhiwo, kanye nokuxhumana okungenazihibe phakathi komklamo nokuhlolwa kokukhiqiza.

I-Gerber iyizinga lemboni yedatha ye-PCB futhi isasetshenziswa kabanzi. Kusukela ku-Gerber prototype ngo-1970 kuya ku-Gerber 274X ngo-1992, olunye ulwazi oluhlobene nokucubungula nokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB alukwazi ukuvezwa noma lufakwe kufomethi ye-Ger2ber ukuze kube nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, efana nohlobo lwebhodi le-PCB, ukujiya okuphakathi kanye nemingcele yenqubo. Ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthi ifayili leGerber linikezwe iprosesa le-PCB, izinkinga ezinjengokushayisana komthetho wokuklama zivame ukutholakala ngokuhlola umphumela wokudweba okhanyayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukubuyela emnyangweni wokuklama ukuze uvuselele ifayela le-Gerber ngaphambi kokucubungula kwe-PCB. Lolu hlobo lokusebenza kabusha luthatha u-30% womjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa, futhi inkinga ukuthi i-Gerber iyindlela eyodwa yokudlulisa idatha, hhayi ukushintshaniswa kwedatha yezindlela ezimbili. Ukuphuma kuka-Gerber kumafomethi we-PCB ajwayelekile kuyisiphetho esibikezelwe, kodwa akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi yikuphi okuzothatha indawo ye-Gerber njengezinga lesizukulwane esilandelayo sedatha ye-PCB.

Izinga elisha lokushintshisana kwedatha ye-PCB kuhlelwa ngenkuthalo phesheya, futhi amafomethi amathathu aqashelwayo ekhandidethi yilawa: I-InsTItute for Packaging and Interconnect, I-IPC), I-Generic Computer Aid Manufacturing (GenCAM), i-Val2or’S ODB + + kanye ne-Electronic Indus2tries AssociaTIon, EDIF400 EIA). Ukugxila ezindinganisweni kuza njengoba kulahleke izigidi zamarandi eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokungashintshisani kahle kwedatha. Kubikwa ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-3% wezindleko zokucubungula ibhodi eliphrintiwe ziyamoshwa unyaka ngamunye ekucubunguleni nasekuqinisekiseni idatha. Ngamanye amazwi, kumoshwa izigidigidi zamaRandi kuyo yonke imboni yezogesi minyaka yonke! Ngaphandle kokulahlwa okuqondile, ukusebenzisana okuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwabaklami nabakhiqizi kudla amandla amaningi kanye nesikhathi ngenxa yedatha engajwayelekile. Ngokukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi esezingeni eliphansi, lokhu kungenye izindleko ezingabonakali.

I-IPC GenCAM iyipulani yezinga le-PCB lokuklama/lokukhiqiza lokushintshisana kwedatha elakhiwe yi-IPC, okuyisikhungo esigunyazwe yi-ANSI socwaningo lokumiswa kwe-PCB. Idokhumenti esemthethweni ye-GEN-CAM ibizwa nge-IPC-2511 futhi iqukethe amazinga angaphansi ambalwa ochungechunge lwe-IPC-2510 (IPC-2512 kuya ku-IPC-2518). Amazinga ochungechunge e-Ipc-2510 asekelwe kufomethi ye-GenCAD (eyethulwe i-Mitron), futhi amazinga angaphansi ancike kwelinye. Ukubhalwa kwaleli zinga kuhlanganisa ulwazi lohlobo lwebhodi, iphedi, ipheshi, ifaka, ulayini wesignali, njll. Cishe lonke ulwazi lokucubungula lwe-PCB lungatholwa kumapharamitha we-GenCAM.

Isakhiwo sefayela le-GenCAM sinikeza bobabili abaklami nonjiniyela bokukhiqiza ukufinyelela kudatha. Kokukhipha idatha kumkhiqizi, idatha inganwetshwa, njengokwengeza ukubekezelela okuvunyelwe inqubo yokucubungula, ukunikeza ulwazi oluningi lokwenziwa kwamaphaneli, njll. I-GenCAM isebenzisa ifomethi ye-ASC ⅱ futhi isekela izimpawu eziyingcaca eziyi-14. I-GenCAM ihlanganisa isamba sezigaba zolwazi ezingama-20 ezichaza izidingo zemiklamo nemininingwane yokukhiqiza. Isigaba ngasinye siveza umsebenzi noma isabelo. Ikilasi lolwazi le-MAssembly SMT lethula ulwazi lochwepheshe lwe-SMT ngolimi olukhulunywayo. I-Maxam Technology, isampula yebhodi yesampula yokuqala ye-PCB (ikilasi lolwazi le-MaxAM), ukuthengwa kwezingxenye, kanye nomhlinzeki wesevisi wokuvala indawo eyodwa! Isigaba ngasinye sizimele ngokunengqondo futhi singasetshenziswa njengefayela elihlukile. Izigaba zolwazi zeGenCAM ezingama-20 yilezi: Isihloko, uku-oda ulwazi lokuphatha, Okwakuqala, ihluzo, izendlalelo, namabhulokhi ashiselwe Izitaki, amaphethini, amaphakheji, imindeni namadivayisi. Amadivayisi, Mechani2Cals, Izingxenye, imizila, Amandla, Testconnects, amabhodi, Panel, FlxTUR Es), imidwebo nezinguquko.

I-GenCAM ivumela izigaba zolwazi ezingenhla ezingama-20 ukuthi zivele kanye kuphela efayeleni, zinikeze ulwazi oluhlukile enqubweni yokukhiqiza ngoshintsho oluhlanganiswe. I-GenCAM igcina isigaba kanye nesakhiwo se-semantics yolwazi, futhi idivayisi ngayinye yokukhiqiza icubungula kuphela okuqukethwe kwesigaba solwazi okuhlobene nomsebenzi wayo.

Izinhlobo zangaphambilini zamafayela weGenCAM 2.0 zithobela imithetho ye-bacos evamile yeFomu (BNF). I-GenCAM 2.0 yamukela indinganiso yefomethi yefayela le-XML nesikimu se-XML, kodwa imodeli yolwazi oluyisisekelo ku-IPC-2511A ayikashintshi. Uhlobo olusha lubhale kabusha inhlangano yolwazi kuphela, kepha okuqukethwe kolwazi akukashintshi.

Njengamanje, abathengisi abaningi be-software ye-CAM ye-EDA ne-PCB basekela i-GenCAM njengefomethi yokushintshanisa idatha. Lezi zinkampani ze-EDA zifaka i-Mentor, iCadence, iZuken, i-OrCAD, i-PADS ne-Veribest. Abathengisi be-PCB CAM Software bafaka i-ACT, IGI, Mitron, RouterSolutions, Wise Software neGraphiCode, njll.

I-Valor ODB ++ Open Data Base (ODB + +), eyethulwe i-Israel Valor Computing Systems, ivumela imithetho ye-design for Manufacturing (DFM) ukuthi ifakwe enqubweni yokuklama. I-ODB ++ isebenzisa ifomethi ye-ASC ⅱ enwebekayo ukuze igcine yonke idatha yobunjiniyela edingekayo ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlanganiseni kwe-PCB kusizindalwazi esisodwa. Isizindalwazi esisodwa siqukethe imidwebo, ulwazi lokumba, izintambo, izingxenye, uhlu lwenethiwekhi, imininingwane, imidwebo, izincazelo zenqubo yobunjiniyela, imisebenzi yokubika, imiphumela ye-ECO ne-DFM, njll. Abaqambi bangabuyekeza le mininingwane ngesikhathi sokuklanywa kwe-DFM ukukhomba ukuhleleka okungaba khona nezinkinga zentambo ngaphambi komhlangano.

I-ODB ++ ifomethi ye-bidirectional evumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe phansi naphezulu. Uma imininingwane yedizayini isidluliselwe esitolo se-PCB ngefomu le-ASC ⅱ, iphrosesa ingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yenqubo efana nesinxephezelo se-etching, imaging yephaneli, ukubhola okukhiphayo, izintambo kanye nokuthatha izithombe.

I-ODB ++ yamukela isakhiwo esihlakaniphe kakhulu esicacile, izinyathelo eziqondile yilezi: (1) kufaka phakathi i-impedance, imbobo efakwe igolide/okungeyona eyegolide, ungqimba oluthile lwepuleti lokuxhuma imbobo kanye nezinye izici zesistimu; (2) Sebenzisa i-WYSIWYG ukuqeda incazelo yolwazi olungacacile; ③ Izibaluli zazo zonke izinto zikuleveli yesici esisodwa; Layer ungqimba weplate oyingqayizivele nencazelo yokulandelana; Ukupakishwa okunembile kwedivayisi nokumodela kwephini; ⑥ Sekela ukushumeka kwedatha ye-BOM.

I-ODB ++ isebenzisa isakhiwo sefayela esivamile esimelela umklamo njengesihlahla sendlela yefayela, enochungechunge lwamafolda amancane aqukethe ulwazi lomklamo oluhlobene ngaphansi kwefolda yokuklama. Isihlahla somzila singathuthwa phakathi kwamasistimu ahlukene ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha. Lesi sakhiwo somuthi sivumela idatha ethile ekwakhiweni ukuthi ifundwe futhi ibhalwe ngabanye ngaphandle kokufunda nokubhala lonke ifayela elikhulu, ngokuphambene nefayela elilodwa elikhulu. Izendlalelo ezingu-13 zesihlahla sendlela yefayela le-ODB ++ ziyizinyathelo, i-matrix, izimpawu, izitaki, Amafomu Omsebenzi, kanye Nomsebenzi Ukugeleza, Izibaluli, amathebula okuvula, okokufaka, okukhiphayo, umsebenzisi, isandiso, ilogu, njll.

Idizayini evamile ye-ODB ++ ingaqukatha amafayela okuklama afika kwangu-53 kufolda engenhla, kanye namanye amafayela angu-2 ekwakhiweni komtapo wolwazi we-ODB ++. I-ODB ++ isekela isamba sezimpawu zesithombe ezijwayelekile ezingama-26.

Ngenxa yokukhethekile kwedizayini ye-PCB, amanye amafayela amakhulu kusizindalwazi awafanele ukugcinwa okuhlelekile. Ngale njongo, i-ODB ++ isebenzisa isitayela sefayela sokurekhoda umbhalo emigqeni, umugqa ngamunye oqukethe izingcezu eziningi zolwazi ezihlukaniswe Izikhala. Ukuhleleka kwemigqa efayeleni kubalulekile, futhi umugqa othile ungadinga ukuthi imigqa elandelayo ilandele ifomu elithile lokuhleleka. Umlingiswa osekuqaleni komugqa ngamunye uchaza uhlobo lolwazi oluchazwa umugqa.

I-Valor yadedelwa emphakathini ngo-1997. Ngo-2000, kwakhululwa izinga le-XML le-ODB ++ (X) 1.0 elisekelwe. I-ODB + + (X) 3.1A yakhululwa ngo-2001. I-ODB + + (X) ibhala kabusha inhlangano yolwazi ye-ODB ++ ukuze kube lula ukushintshaniswa kwedatha phakathi kokuklama nokukhiqiza, kuyilapho imodeli yayo yolwazi ingashintshi kakhulu. Ifayela le-ODB + + (X) liqukethe izinto zezingane ezinkulu eziyisithupha, Okungukuthi, okuqukethwe (ODX-okuqukethwe), I-Bill of Materials (ODX-BOM), Umthengisi ogunyaziwe (ODX-AVL), umklamo osizayo (ODX-CAD), unikeze ulwazi (ODX-Logistics -HEADER) kanye noshintsho (ODX-HistoryREC ), njll. Ukwakha i-elementi yezinga eliphezulu (ODX).

Abathengisi besoftware ye-EDA abanjengoCadence, Mentor, PADS, VeriBest noZuken, phakathi kwabanye, sebeqalile ukusekela i-ODB + +/ ODB + + (X). Abathengisi besoftware ye-PCB CAM abanjengoMitron, i-FABmaster, i-Unicam ne-Graphic nabo bamukele ubuchwepheshe be-ODB ++. Phakathi kwalezi zinkampani zesoftware, kwakhiwa umfelandawonye wabasebenzisi beValor. Uma nje idatha ye-EDA ishintshaniswa futhi amafayela angathathi hlangothi asacutshungulwa, izishayeli zedivayisi nezinhlelo zokuhlonza zingakhiwa.

I-EIA EDIF400 Electronic Design InterchangeFormat (EDIF) yathuthukiswa futhi yanyatheliswa yi-EIA.Empeleni kuwuhlelo lokuchaza ulimi oluyimodeli. I-EDIF iyifayela lombhalo elihlelekile le-ASC ⅱ elinemodi yencazelo ye-BNF. Izinguqulo ze-EDIF300 futhi kamuva zisebenzisa ulimi lokumodela ulwazi lwe-EXPRESS3. I-EDIF300 ichaza imininingwane efaka imininingwane yokulandelana, imininingwane yokuxhuma, imininingwane yomtapo wolwazi, imininingwane yezithombe, imininingwane yezinto engaqiniseki, imininingwane yokuphathwa kokuklanywa, imininingwane yokuziphatha kwemojuli, imininingwane yokulingisa kanye nemininingwane yesichasiselo.