Ukuze wenze isiphene ukuba Gerber, yemveli PCB umgangatho wedatha, awukwazi ukutshintshiselana ngedatha ngeendlela ezimbini, iifomati ezintathu zabaviwa zomgangatho omtsha wedatha ye-PCB ziyaziswa: I-IPC’s GenCAM, i-Valor’s ODB + + kunye ne-EIA’s EDIF400. Inkqubela phambili yophando kuyilo lwe-PCB / itekhnoloji yokuvelisa idatha yohlalutyo. Itekhnoloji engundoqo kunye nethemba lomgangatho wokutshintshiselana kwedatha ye-PCB kuxoxwe ngayo. Kucaciswe ukuba imowudi yokutshintsha yangoku ye-PCB yoyilo kunye nokuveliswa kufuneka itshintshwe ibe yimowudi enye efanelekileyo yokutshintsha.

Intshayelelo

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, i-electronic design yasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle / ishishini lokuvelisa lenzeka nge-high-end Integrated Circuit Circuit (IC) chips, iBhodi yeSekethe eShicileleyo ye-high-speed (PCB), PCB) kunye ne-Electronic Design AutomaTIon (EDA) ubuchwepheshe. Njengenkqubo engaphantsi yeemveliso zombane, iPCB idlala indima yemodyuli engundoqo kwishishini lemveliso yombane. Ngokutsho kwezibalo, umjikelo woyilo lweemveliso ze-elektroniki zenza ngaphezu kwe-60% yophuhliso lonke kunye nomjikelezo wemveliso; Kwaye i-80% ~ 90% yeendleko zichongwa kuyilo lwetshiphu kunye ne-PCB subsystem. Idatha yoyilo/yokuvelisa yePCB iveliswa ngabayili be-elektroniki abasebenzisa izixhobo ze-EDA, kubandakanywa i- fabricaTIon, indibano kunye novavanyo lwe-PCB. Idatha yePCB Umgangatho wofomatho lulwimi oluchazayo lokulawula uyilo loyilo lwePCB, olusetyenziselwa ukuqonda ugqithiso lwedatha phakathi kwezixhobo ze-EDA okanye abayili, utshintshiselwano lwedatha phakathi kweschematics kunye noyilo, kunye nonxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi koyilo kunye novavanyo lokuvelisa.

I-Gerber yi-de facto PCB yoshishino lwedatha kwaye isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukususela kwi-Gerber prototype ngo-1970 ukuya kwi-Gerber 274X ngo-1992, ulwazi oluthile olunxulumene nokusetyenzwa kwe-PCB kunye nendibano ayinakubonakaliswa okanye ifakwe kwifomathi ye-Ger2ber yoyilo oluyinkimbinkimbi, olufana nohlobo lwebhodi ye-PCB, ubukhulu obuphakathi kunye neeparitha zenkqubo. Ngokukodwa emva kokuba ifayile yeGerber inikezelwe kwiprosesa ye-PCB, iingxaki ezifana nokungqubuzana komgaqo woyilo zihlala zifumaneka ngokujonga isiphumo somzobo wokukhanya. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukubuyela kwisebe lokuyila ukuvuselela ifayile yeGerber ngaphambi kokuqhutyelwa kwePCB. Olu hlobo lwe-rework luthatha i-30% yomjikelezo wophuhliso, kwaye ingxaki kukuba i-Gerber yindlela yokudlulisa idatha yendlela enye, kungekhona ukutshintshwa kwedatha ezimbini. Ukuphuma kukaGerber kwiifomathi ze-PCB sisigqibo esingaphambili, kodwa akukacaci ukuba yeyiphi eya kuthatha indawo yeGerber njengomgangatho wesizukulwana esilandelayo sedatha yePCB.

Umgangatho omtsha wotshintshiselwano lwedatha yePCB ucwangciswa ngokukhutheleyo kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye iifomati ezintathu ezamkelweyo zabagqatswa zezi: Iziko lokuPakisha kunye noQhagamshelwano, IPC), iGeneric Computer Aided Manufacturing (GenCAM), iVal2or’S ODB + + kunye ne-Electronic Indus2tries AssociaTIon, EDIF400 EIA). Ugxininiso kwimigangatho luza njengoko izigidi zeerandi zilahlekile kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokutshintshiselana kwedatha embi. Kuxelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-3% yeendleko zokucwangcisa ibhodi eprintiweyo zichithwa minyaka yonke ekuqhubeni nasekuqinisekiseni idatha. Ngamanye amazwi, iibhiliyoni zeerandi zichithwa kulo lonke ishishini lombane minyaka le! Ukongeza kwinkunkuma ethe ngqo, ukuhlangana okuphindaphindiweyo phakathi kwabaqulunqi kunye nabavelisi kudla amandla amaninzi kunye nexesha ngenxa yedatha engaqhelekanga. Kwimveliso yombane ephantsi, le yenye indleko engabonakaliyo.

I-IPC i-GenCAM yiplani yoyilo lwe-PCB / imveliso yokutshintshiselana ngomgangatho oqulunqwe yi-IPC, eliliziko lophando lokumiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-ANSI ye-PCB. Uxwebhu olusemthethweni lwe-GEN-CAM lubizwa ngokuba yi-IPC-2511 kwaye luqulethe imigangatho engaphantsi kwe-IPC-2510 series (IPC-2512 ukuya kwi-IPC-2518). Imigangatho yechungechunge ye-Ipc-2510 isekelwe kwifomathi yeGenCAD (eye yaziswa nguMitron), kwaye imigangatho engaphantsi ixhomekeke enye. Uxwebhu lwalo mgangatho lubandakanya ulwazi lohlobo lwebhodi, i-pad, i-patch, ifake, i-signal line, njl. Phantse yonke i-PCB yokucubungula ulwazi inokufumaneka kwiiparamitha ze-GenCAM.

Isakhiwo sefayile yeGenCAM sinika bobabini abayili kunye neenjineli zokuvelisa ukufikelela kwidatha. Kwimveliso yedatha kumenzi, idatha inokwandiswa, njengokongeza ukunyamezela okuvunyelwe yinkqubo yokucubungula, ukunika ulwazi oluninzi lokwenziwa kweepaneli, njl. IGenCAM yamkela ASC ⅱ ifomathi kwaye ixhasa iisimboli ezili-14 zemizobo. I-GenCAM ibandakanya amacandelo olwazi angama-20 achaza iimfuno zoyilo kunye neenkcukacha zokwenziwa. Icandelo ngalinye libonisa umsebenzi okanye isabelo. Iklasi yolwazi ye-MAssembly SMT yazisa ulwazi lobuchwephesha be-SMT ngolwimi oluthethwayo. I-Maxam Technology, i-PCB yokuqala (iklasi yolwazi lwe-MaxAM) ibhodi yesampula, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, kunye ne-patch one-stop service provider! Icandelo ngalinye lizimele ngokufanelekileyo kwaye linokusetyenziswa njengefayile eyahlukileyo. Amacandelo olwazi angama-20 eGenCAM ngala: Isihloko, ulawulo lolwazi lokuodola, Iiprimitives, imizobo, iileya, kunye neebhloko ezidityanisiweyo Izitokhwe, iipateni, iipakethi, iintsapho kunye nezixhobo. Izixhobo, iMechani2Cals, iiComputer, iindlela, Amandla, Uqhakamshelwano lweebhodi, iibhodi, iiphaneli, FlxTUR Es), imizobo kunye notshintsho.

I-GenCAM ivumela amacandelo angentla e-20 yolwazi ukuba avele kanye kuphela kwifayile, enika ulwazi olwahlukileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokutshintsha ngokudibeneyo. I-GenCAM igcina i-hierarchy kunye nesakhiwo se-semantics yolwazi, kwaye isixhobo ngasinye sokuvelisa siqhuba kuphela umxholo wecandelo lolwazi olufanelekileyo kumsebenzi walo.

Iinguqulelo zangaphambili zeefayile ze-GenCAM ze-2.0 zithobela imithetho ye-bacos yeFomu eqhelekileyo (i-BNF). IGenCAM 2.0 yamkela ifomathi yefomathi yeXML kunye nesikimu seXML, kodwa imodeli yolwazi olusisiseko kwi-IPC-2511A ayitshintshanga. Inguqulelo entsha iphinda ibhale umbutho wolwazi, kodwa umxholo wolwazi awukatshintshi.

Okwangoku, abaninzi abathengisi be-software ye-CAM ye-EDA kunye ne-PCB baxhasa i-GenCAM njengefomathi yokutshintshiselana kwedatha. Ezi nkampani ze-EDA ziquka i-Mentor, i-Cadence, i-Zuken, i-OrCAD, i-PADS kunye ne-Veribest. PCB CAM Software abathengisi ziquka ACT, IGI, Mitron, RouterSolutions, Software Wise kunye GraphiCode, njl.

I-Valor ODB + + i-Open Data Base (ODB + +), eqaliswe yi-Israel Valor Computing Systems, ivumela imithetho yoyilo lwe-Manufacturing (DFM) ukuba ifakwe kwinkqubo yoyilo. I-ODB ++ isebenzisa ifomathi eyandisiweyo ye-ASC ⅱ yokugcina yonke idatha yobunjineli eyimfuneko kwi-PCB yokwenziwa kunye nokudibanisa kuvimba omnye. Isiseko sedatha esinye sinemizobo, ulwazi lokomba, iintambo, izinto, uluhlu lwenetwork, imizobo, iinkcazo zenkqubo yobunjineli, imisebenzi yokunika ingxelo, iziphumo ze-ECO kunye ne-DFM, njl. Abaqulunqi banokuhlaziya ezi nkcukacha zedatha ngexesha loyilo lwe-DFM ukuchonga ubume obunokubakho kunye neengxaki zocingo phambi kokuhlanganisana.

I-ODB + + yifomati ye-bidirectional evumela ukuba idatha idluliselwe phantsi nangaphezulu. Nje ukuba idatha yoyilo idluliselwe kwivenkile ye-PCB kwifom ye-ASC, iprosesa inokwenza imisebenzi enje ngokuhlawulwa kwembuyekezo, umfanekiso wepaneli, ukubhola okukhutshiweyo, iintambo kunye nokufota.

I-ODB + + ithatha isakhiwo esicacileyo esikrelekrele ngakumbi, amanyathelo athile alandelayo: (1) kubandakanya i-impedance, i-gold-plated / non-gold-plated, umngxuma othile wokudibanisa ipleyiti yokudibanisa kunye nezinye iimpawu zenkqubo; (2) Sebenzisa i-WYSIWYG ukuphelisa inkcazelo engaqondakaliyo yolwazi; ③ Iimpawu zeempawu zazo zonke izinto zikwinqanaba lophawu olunye; ④ Umaleko wepleyiti eyodwa kunye nenkcazo yolandelelwano; Ukupakisha izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye neepini zokumodela; ⑥ Xhasa ukufakwa kwedatha yeBOM.

I-ODB + + isebenzisa ubume befayile obuqhelekileyo obumele uyilo njengomthi wendlela yefayile, kunye noluhlu lweefolda ezisezantsi eziqulethe ulwazi loyilo oluhambelanayo phantsi kwefolda yoyilo. Umthi wendlela ungafuduswa phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha. Esi sakhiwo somthi sivumela idatha ethile kuyilo ukuba ifundwe kwaye ibhalwe ngabanye ngaphandle kokufunda nokubhala yonke ifayile enkulu, ngokuchasene nefayile enye enkulu. I-13 iileya ze-ODB ++ zendlela yefayile yomthi ngamanyathelo, i-matrix, iisimboli, i-Stackups, iifom zoMsebenzi, kunye noMsebenzi Ukuqukuqela, Iimpawu, iitafile zeAperture, igalelo, imveliso, umsebenzisi, ulwandiso, ilogi, njl.

Uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ODB + + lunokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiifayile zoyilo ezingama-53 kule folda ingasentla, kunye neefayile ezi-2 ezingakumbi kuyilo lwethala leencwadi lwe-ODB + +. I-ODB + + ixhasa iisimboli zegraphic eziqhelekileyo ezingama-26.

Ngenxa yobugqwirha boyilo lwePCB, ezinye iifayile ezinkulu kwisiseko sedatha azilulungelanga ugcino olucwangcisiweyo. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-ODB + + isebenzisa uhlobo lwefayile yokurekhoda okubhaliweyo kwimigca, umgca ngamnye uqulethe amasuntswana amaninzi olwazi olwahlulwe yiZithuba. Ukulandelelana kwemigca kwifayile kubalulekile, kwaye umgca othile unokufuna ukuba imigca elandelayo ilandele ifom yomyalelo othile. Umlinganiswa osekuqaleni komgca ngamnye uchaza uhlobo lolwazi oluchazwa ngumgca.

UValor wakhululwa kuluntu ngo-1997. Ngo-2000, i-ODB + + (X) 1.0 exhaswayo yomgangatho we-XML yakhululwa. I-ODB + + (X) 3.1A yakhululwa ngo-2001. I-ODB + + (X) iphinda ibhale intlangano yolwazi ye-ODB + + ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi koyilo kunye nokuvelisa, ngelixa imodeli yolwazi lwayo ayitshintshi kakhulu. Ifayile ye-ODB + + (X) iqulethe izinto ezinkulu zomntwana ezintandathu, Oko kukuthi, umxholo (i-ODX-contents), i-Bill of Materials (ODX-BOM), umthengisi ogunyazisiweyo (ODX-AVL), uyilo oluncedisayo (ODX-CAD), ulwazi lokubonelela (ODX-Logistics -HEADER) kunye noshintsho (ODX-HistoryREC ), njl. Ukwenza i-element yezinga eliphezulu (ODX).

Abathengisi besoftware ye-EDA abanjengoCadence, Mentor, PADS, VeriBest kunye noZuken, phakathi kwabanye, baqale ukuxhasa i-ODB + + / ODB + + (X). Abathengisi besoftware yePCB CAM njengeMitron, iFABmaster, i-Unicam kunye neGraphic bamkele netekhnoloji ye-ODB +. Phakathi kwezi nkampani zesoftware, umanyano lwabasebenzisi beValor luyenziwa. Ngethuba nje idatha ye-EDA itshintshiselwa kwaye iifayile ezingathathi hlangothi zicutshungulwa, abaqhubi bezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokubona zingase zenziwe.

I-EIA EDIF400 Electronic Design InterchangeFormat (EDIF) yaphuhliswa yaza yapapashwa yi-EIA.Ngokwenyani sisikimu senkcazo yolwimi. I-EDIF yi-ASC ecwangcisiweyo ⅱ ifayile yokubhaliweyo enemo yenkcazo ye-BNF. Iinguqulelo ze-EDIF300 kwaye kamva zisebenzise i-EXPRESS3 yolwimi lokumodareyitha kolwazi. I-EDIF300 ichaza ulwazi olubandakanya ulwazi lwemigangatho, ulwazi loqhagamshelwano, ulwazi lwethala leencwadi, ulwazi lwegraphic, ulwazi lwento ekhawulezileyo, ulwazi lolawulo loyilo, ulwazi lokuziphatha kwemodyuli, ulwazi lokulinganisa kunye neenkcukacha zenkcazo.