Pofuna kupanga pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe ikuchita nawo nthawi imodzi, kuphatikizapo deta ikhoza kuyendetsa paokha, ndondomeko yapadera ya deta iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa opaleshoni, yotchedwa process control block (PCB, Process Control Block). Pali makalata amodzi ndi amodzi pakati pa ndondomekoyi ndi PCB, ndipo ndondomeko ya ogwiritsa ntchito singasinthidwe.

Ntchito ya PCB control block block:

Pofuna kuwongolera ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Monga gawo la bungwe la ndondomekoyi, PCB imalemba zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito kuti afotokoze momwe zinthu zilili panopa ndikuyendetsa ntchitoyo. Ndilofunika kwambiri lolembedwa deta dongosolo mu opaleshoni dongosolo. Ntchito ya PCB ndi kupanga pulogalamu (kuphatikizapo deta) yomwe siingayende paokha m’malo a mapulogalamu ambiri kukhala gawo lofunikira lomwe lingathe kuyendetsa paokha, ndondomeko yomwe ingakhoze kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi ndi njira zina.

(2) PCB imatha kuzindikira pakapita nthawi. M’malo okhala ndi mapulogalamu ambiri, pulogalamuyo imagwira ntchito moyimitsa ndikupita pakanthawi. Ntchito ikayimitsidwa chifukwa chatsekedwa, iyenera kusunga zambiri za tsamba la CPU ikayamba. Pambuyo pokhala ndi PCB, dongosololi likhoza kusunga zambiri za malo a CPU mu PCB za ndondomeko yomwe inasokonekera kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pamene malo a CPU abwezeretsedwa pamene ndondomekoyo ikukonzekera kuchitidwanso. Choncho, zikhoza kumvekanso momveka bwino kuti m’malo opangira mapulogalamu ambiri, monga pulogalamu yokhazikika mwachizolowezi, chifukwa alibe njira zotetezera kapena kusunga malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito, sangathe kutsimikiziranso kubwereza kwa zotsatira zake. , motero kutaya ntchito yake. tanthauzo.

(3) PCB imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakuwongolera njira. Pamene wokonza ndondomeko akukonzekera ndondomeko yoti ayendetse, amatha kupeza pulogalamu yofanana ndi deta malinga ndi chiyambi cha adilesi ya pulogalamuyo ndi deta yolembedwa mu PCB ya ndondomekoyi mu kukumbukira kapena kusungirako kunja; panthawi yoyendetsa, pamene fayilo ikufunika kupezeka Pamene mafayilo kapena zipangizo za I / O mu dongosolo, ziyeneranso kudalira zambiri mu PCB. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili mu PCB, zida zonse zomwe zimafunikira pakuchita izi zitha kuphunziridwa. Zitha kuwoneka kuti panthawi yonse ya moyo wa ndondomekoyi, makina ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse amawongolera ndikuwongolera ndondomekoyi molingana ndi PCB.

(4) PCB imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakukonza ndondomeko. Njira zokhazo zomwe zakonzeka zitha kukonzedwa kuti zichitike, ndipo PCB imapereka chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ndondomekoyi ilili. ; komanso, nthawi zambiri m’pofunika kudziwa zina zokhudza ndondomeko pamene ndandanda. Mwachitsanzo, mu aligorivimu yokonza zofunika kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa ndondomeko Yofunika Kwambiri. Mu ma algorithms ena okonzekera bwino, muyeneranso kudziwa nthawi yodikirira ndondomekoyi ndi zochitika zomwe zachitika.

(5) PCB imazindikira kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana ndi njira zina. Njira yolumikizirana ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti izindikire magwiridwe antchito anjira zosiyanasiyana. Pamene makina a semaphore atengedwa, amafunikira kuti semaphore yofananira yolumikizira imayikidwa munjira iliyonse. PCB ilinso ndi malo kapena cholozera pamzere wolumikizirana polumikizirana.

Zambiri mu block block:

Mu block control block, imaphatikizapo zambiri izi:

(1) Chizindikiritso cha ndondomeko: Chizindikiritso cha ndondomeko chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza ndondomeko. Njira nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zozindikiritsa: ① zozindikiritsa zakunja. Pofuna kuwongolera ndondomeko ya wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze ndondomekoyi, chizindikiritso chakunja chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa ndondomeko iliyonse. Zimaperekedwa ndi mlengi ndipo kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi zilembo ndi manambala. Kuti mufotokoze ubale wapabanja wa ndondomekoyi, ID ya ndondomeko ya makolo ndi ID ya ndondomeko ya mwana ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ID yogwiritsa ntchito ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti iwonetse wogwiritsa ntchitoyo. ②Chizindikiritso chamkati. Pofuna kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi ndi dongosololi, chizindikiritso chamkati chimayikidwa pa ndondomeko mu OS, ndiko kuti, ndondomeko iliyonse imapatsidwa chizindikiritso chapadera cha digito, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chiwerengero cha ndondomeko.

(2) Chikhalidwe cha purosesa: Chidziwitso cha boma la processor chimatchedwanso nkhani ya purosesa, yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi zomwe zili m’mabuku osiyanasiyana a purosesa. Ma register awa akuphatikiza: ①Makaundula a zolinga zonse, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma register owonekera, omwe amapezeka ndi mapulogalamu a ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga kwakanthawi. Mu mapurosesa ambiri, pali 8 mpaka 32 olembetsa-cholinga chonse. Mu makompyuta opangidwa ndi RISC Pakhoza kukhala oposa 100; ②Kauntala yamalangizo, yomwe imasunga adilesi ya malangizo otsatira omwe afikiridwe; ③Mawu amtundu wa pulogalamu PSW, omwe ali ndi chidziwitso, monga code code, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, kusokoneza mbendera ya chigoba, ndi zina zotero; ④User stack pointer, Zimatanthawuza kuti njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito imakhala ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zokhudzana ndi dongosolo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira ndondomeko ndi machitidwe oyitanitsa ndi maadiresi. Cholozera cholozera pamwamba pa muluwo. Pamene purosesa ili m’malo akupha, zambiri zomwe zikukonzedwa zimayikidwa mu kaundula. Njira ikasinthidwa, zidziwitso za purosesa ziyenera kusungidwa mu PCB yofananira, kuti kuphaku kupitilizebe kuchokera pagawo pomwe njirayo iyambiranso.

(3) Chidziwitso chokonzekera ndondomeko: Pamene OS ikukonzekera, m’pofunika kumvetsetsa momwe ndondomekoyi ikukhalira komanso zambiri zokhudza ndondomeko ya ndondomeko. Zambirizi zikuphatikiza: ① Mkhalidwe wa ndondomeko, kusonyeza momwe ndondomekoyi ilili panopa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a ndondomeko ndi kusinthana ②Chofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza zofunikira za ndondomekoyi pogwiritsa ntchito purosesa. Njira yokhala ndi zofunika kwambiri iyenera kupeza purosesa poyamba; ③Zidziwitso zina zofunika pakukonza ndondomeko, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsera ndondomeko yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe ndondomekoyi yakhala ikudikirira CPU, chiwerengero cha nthawi yomwe ndondomekoyi yachitidwa, ndi zina zotero; ④Chochitika chimatanthawuza chochitika chomwe chikudikirira kuti ndondomekoyo isinthe kuchoka pa kuphedwa kupita kumalo otsekereza, ndiko kuti, chifukwa cha kutsekereza.

(4) Chidziwitso chowongolera njira: Zikutanthauza zambiri zofunika pakuwongolera ndondomeko, zomwe zimaphatikizapo: ①Adilesi ya pulogalamuyo ndi data, kukumbukira kapena kukumbukira adilesi yakunja ya pulogalamuyo ndi deta yomwe ikuchitika, kuti ikonzekere kuchita pamene ndondomeko ikuchitika. , Pulogalamu ndi deta angapezeke ku PCB; ②Kulunzanitsa ndi njira yolumikizirana, yomwe ndi njira yofunikira yolumikizirana ndi njira yolumikizirana, monga zolozera pamzere wa mauthenga, ma semaphores, ndi zina zotere, zitha kuyikidwa mu PCB yonse kapena gawo; ③Mndandanda wazothandizira, momwe zida zonse (kupatula CPU) zomwe zimafunikira pakugwirira ntchito kwake zidalembedwa, ndipo palinso mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zaperekedwa kuti zitheke; ④Link pointer, yomwe imapereka njira (PCB) Adilesi yoyamba ya PCB ya njira yotsatira pamzere.