Ukuze wenze inkqubo nganye ithathe inxaxheba ekuqhutyweni kwangaxeshanye, kubandakanywa idatha inokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, isiseko sedatha ekhethekileyo kufuneka silungiselelwe kuyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ebizwa ngokuba yibhloko yolawulo lwenkqubo (PCB, Ibhlokhi yoLawulo lweNkqubo). Kukho imbalelwano enye ukuya komnye phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nePCB, kwaye inkqubo yomsebenzisi ayinakuguqulwa.

Indima yolawulo lwenkqubo yePCB:

Ukuze kuququzelelwe inkcazo yenkqubo kunye nokulawulwa kokusebenza kwenkqubo, isiseko sedatha sichazwe ngokukodwa kwinkqubo nganye kwi-core ye-OS-Process Control Block PCB (Ibhloko yoLawulo lweNkqubo). Njengenxalenye yequmrhu lenkqubo, i-PCB irekhoda lonke ulwazi olufunekayo yinkqubo yokusebenza ukuchaza imeko yangoku yenkqubo kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo sedatha erekhodiweyo kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Indima ye-PCB kukwenza inkqubo (kuquka idatha) engakwaziyo ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kwindawo yenkqubo ezininzi ibe yiyunithi esisiseko enokuthi iqhube ngokuzimeleyo, inkqubo enokuthi iqhutywe ngaxeshanye nezinye iinkqubo.

(2) I-PCB inokuqonda imo yokusebenza ephakathi. Kwimekobume yeeprogram ezininzi, inkqubo iqhuba kwimowudi yokuyeka nokuya ephakathi. Xa inkqubo inqunyanyisiwe ngenxa yokuvalwa, kufuneka igcine ulwazi lwendawo yeCPU xa isebenza. Emva kokuba nePCB, inkqubo inokugcina ulwazi lwendawo yeCPU kwiPCB yenkqubo ephazamisekileyo ukuze isetyenziswe xa indawo yeCPU ibuyiselwe xa inkqubo icwangciselwe ukuphunyezwa kwakhona. Ngoko ke, kunokucaciswa kwakhona ukuba kwindawo yenkqubo eninzi, njengeprogram ye-static ngokwengqiqo yendabuko, kuba ayinayo indlela yokukhusela okanye yokulondoloza indawo yayo yokusebenza, ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwakhona kweziphumo zayo zokusebenza. , ngaloo ndlela iphulukene nokusebenza kwayo. ukubaluleka.

(3) I-PCB ibonelela ngolwazi olufunekayo kulawulo lwenkqubo. Xa umcwangcisi ecwangcisa inkqubo yokusebenza, inokufumana kuphela inkqubo ehambelanayo kunye nedatha ngokwesalathisi sedilesi yenkqubo kunye nedatha erekhodiweyo kwi-PCB yenkqubo kwimemori okanye ukugcinwa kwangaphandle; ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza, xa ifayile ifuna ukufumaneka Xa iifayile okanye izixhobo ze-I / O kwinkqubo, nazo kufuneka zithembele kulwazi kwi-PCB. Ukongeza, ngokoluhlu lwezibonelelo kwi-PCB, zonke izibonelelo ezifunekayo kwinkqubo inokufundwa. Ingabonwa ukuba ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi benkqubo, inkqubo yokusebenza ihlala ilawula kwaye ilawula inkqubo ngokwePCB.

(4) I-PCB ibonelela ngolwazi olufunekayo kucwangciso lwenkqubo. Kuphela ziinkqubo ezikwimo ekulungeleyo ezinokuthi zicwangciselwe ukuphunyezwa, kwaye iPCB ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nokuba yeyiphi imeko inkqubo ekuyo. ; ukongeza, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukwazi olunye ulwazi malunga nenkqubo xa ucwangcisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-algorithm yokucwangcisa phambili, kufuneka ukwazi inkqubo ePhambili. Kwezinye ii-algorithms zokucwangcisa ezinobulungisa, kufuneka wazi ixesha lokulinda lenkqubo kunye neziganeko ezithe zaphunyezwa.

(5) I-PCB iqonda ungqamaniso kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Indlela yongqamaniso yenkqubo isetyenziselwa ukuqonda ukusebenza okulungelelanisiweyo kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Xa i-semaphore mechanism yamkelwa, ifuna ukuba i-semaphore ehambelanayo yongqamaniso isetwe kwinkqubo nganye. I-PCB nayo inendawo okanye isalathisi somgca wonxibelelwano kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano.

Ulwazi kwibhloko yolawulo lwenkqubo:

Kwibhloko yolawulo lwenkqubo, ikakhulu ibandakanya olu lwazi lulandelayo:

(1) Isichongi senkqubo: Isichongi senkqubo sisetyenziselwa ukubonisa inkqubo eyodwa. Inkqubo ikholisa ukuba neendidi ezimbini zezazisi: ① izifanisi zangaphandle. Ukuze kube lula inkqubo yomsebenzisi ukufikelela kwinkqubo, isichongi sangaphandle kufuneka simiselwe kwinkqubo nganye. Inikezelwa ngumdali kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe iileta kunye namanani. Ukuze uchaze ubudlelwane bosapho lwenkqubo, i-ID yenkqubo yomzali kunye ne-ID yenkqubo yomntwana kufuneka nayo imiselwe. Ukongeza, i-ID yomsebenzisi inokusetwa ukubonisa umsebenzisi ophethe inkqubo. ②Isichongi sangaphakathi. Ukuze kuququzelelwe ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yinkqubo, isazisi sangaphakathi simiselwe inkqubo kwi-OS, oko kukuthi, inkqubo nganye inikwe isazisi esikhethekileyo sedijithali, esihlala sinombolo yeserial yenkqubo.

(2) Imeko yeprosesa: Ulwazi lwemeko yeprosesa ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumxholo weprosesa, equlunqwe ikakhulu yimixholo yeerejista ezahlukeneyo zeprosesa. Ezi rejista ziquka: ① Iirejista zenjongo jikelele, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ziirejista ezibonakalayo zabasebenzisi, ezifikeleleka kwiinkqubo zabasebenzisi nezisetyenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi okwethutyana. Kwiiprosesa ezininzi, kukho iirejista ezisi-8 ukuya kwezingama-32. Kwiikhompyuter ezicwangcisiweyo zeRISC Kunokubakho ngaphezu kwe-100; ②Ikhawuntara yemiyalelo, egcina idilesi yomyalelo olandelayo oza kufunyanwa; ③Igama lemeko yenkqubo PSW, equlethe ulwazi lobume, olufana nekhowudi yemeko, indlela yophumezo, ukuphazamisa iflegi yemaski, njl.njl.; ④Isalathisi somsebenzisi, Kuthetha ukuba inkqubo nganye yomsebenzisi inesixa esinye okanye ezininzi ezinxulumene nenkqubo, ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina inkqubo kunye neeparamitha zokufowuna kunye needilesi zokufowuna. Isalathisi esipakishweyo sikhomba phezulu kwisitaki. Xa iprosesa ikwimeko yokubulawa, uninzi lolwazi oluqhutywayo lufakwa kwirejista. Xa inkqubo itshintshiwe, ulwazi lwemeko yeprosesa kufuneka lugcinwe kwi-PCB ehambelanayo, ukwenzela ukuba ukuphunyezwa kunokuqhubeka kwi-breakpoint xa inkqubo iphinda iqhutywe.

(3) Ulwazi lokucwangcisa inkqubo: Xa i-OS icwangcisa, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda imeko yenkqubo kunye nolwazi malunga nokucwangciswa kwenkqubo. Ezi nkcukacha ziquka: ① Ubume benkqubo, ebonisa ubume bangoku benkqubo, esetyenziswa njengesiseko sokucwangciswa kwenkqubo kunye nokutshintshaniswa ②Ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yinani elipheleleyo elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza umgangatho wokubaluleka kwenkqubo usebenzisa umqhubekekisi. Inkqubo enokubaluleka okuphezulu kufuneka ifumane iprosesa kuqala; ③Olunye ulwazi olufunekayo kucwangciso lwenkqubo, olunxulumene nenkqubo yokucwangcisa ialgorithm esetyenzisiweyo Umzekelo, isimbuku sexesha apho inkqubo ibilinde i-CPU, isimbuku sexesha ekwenziwe ngalo inkqubo, njalo njalo; ④Isiganeko sibhekisa kumsitho olinde inkqubo yokutshintsha ukusuka kwimeko yokubulawa ukuya kwisithintelo, oko kukuthi, unobangela wokuvalwa.

(4) Ulwazi lolawulo lwenkqubo: Ibhekisa kulwazi oluyimfuneko kulawulo lwenkqubo, olubandakanya: ①Idilesi yenkqubo kunye nedatha, imemori okanye idilesi yememori yangaphandle yenkqubo kunye nedatha kwiqumrhu lenkqubo, ukuze ibe nokucwangciswa phumeza xa inkqubo isenziwa. , Inkqubo kunye nedatha inokufumaneka kwi-PCB; ②Inkqubo yongqamaniso kunye nesixhobo sonxibelelwano, esisisixhobo esiyimfuneko songqamaniso kunye nenkqubo yonxibelelwano, njengezalathisi zemigca yomyalezo, iisemaphores, njl. njl., zinokufakwa kwi-PCB ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye; ③Uluhlu lwezibonelelo, apho zonke izibonelelo (ngaphandle kwe-CPU) ezifunwa yinkqubo ngexesha lokusebenza kwayo zidweliswe, kwaye kukho noluhlu lwezibonelelo ezabelwe inkqubo; ④Isalathiso sekhonkco, esinika inkqubo (PCB) Idilesi yokuqala yePCB yenkqubo elandelayo emgceni.