Ukuze wenze uhlelo ngalunye lubambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni okuhambisanayo, kufaka phakathi idatha ingasebenza ngokuzimela, isakhiwo sedatha esikhethekile kufanele silungiselelwe sona ohlelweni lokusebenza, olubizwa ngokuthi i-process control block (PCB, I-Process Control Block). Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwenqubo ne-PCB, futhi inqubo yomsebenzisi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa.

Indima ye-PCB yokulawula inqubo:

Ukuze kube lula ukuchazwa kwesistimu nokuphathwa kokusebenza kwenqubo, ukwakheka kwedatha kuchazwa ngokuqondile ngenqubo ngayinye kumongo we-OS-Process Control Block PCB (Process Control Block). Njengengxenye yebhizinisi lenqubo, i-PCB irekhoda lonke ulwazi oludingwa isistimu yokusebenza ukuze ichaze isimo samanje senqubo futhi ilawule ukusebenza kwenqubo. Iwuhlaka lwedatha erekhodiwe ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokusebenza. Indima ye-PCB ukwenza uhlelo (okuhlanganisa idatha) olungakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela endaweni enezinhlelo eziningi lube iyunithi eyisisekelo engasebenza ngokuzimela, inqubo engenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa nezinye izinqubo.

(2) I-PCB ingabona imodi yokusebenza kwezikhawu. Endaweni enezinhlelo eziningi, uhlelo lusebenza ngemodi yokusebenza kwezikhawu zokuma nokuhamba. Uma inqubo imisiwe ngenxa yokuvinjwa, kufanele igcine ulwazi lwesayithi ye-CPU uma isebenza. Ngemva kokuba ne-PCB, isistimu ingalondoloza ulwazi lwesayithi ye-CPU ku-PCB yenqubo ephazamisiwe ukuze isetshenziswe lapho isayithi le-CPU libuyiselwa uma inqubo ihlelelwe ukusetshenziswa futhi. Ngakho-ke, kungacaciswa futhi ukuthi endaweni enezinhlelo eziningi, njengohlelo olumile ngomqondo wendabuko, ngenxa yokuthi alinayo indlela yokuvikela noma yokulondoloza indawo yayo yokusebenza, ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwemiphumela yayo yokusebenza. , ngaleyo ndlela ilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwayo. ukubaluleka.

(3) I-PCB inikeza ulwazi oludingekayo ekuphathweni kwenqubo. Lapho umhleli ehlela inqubo ezoqhutshwa, angathola kuphela uhlelo oluhambisanayo nedatha ngokuya ngesikhombi sekheli lokuqala lohlelo kanye nedatha eqoshwe ku-PCB yenqubo kumemori noma isitoreji sangaphandle; phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, lapho ifayela lidinga ukufinyelelwa Lapho amafayela noma amadivaysi e-I/O ohlelweni, nawo adinga ukuncika olwazini oluku-PCB. Ukwengeza, ngokohlu lwezinsiza ku-PCB, zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo zenqubo zingafundwa. Kuyabonakala ukuthi phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wenqubo, isistimu yokusebenza ihlala ilawula futhi ilawula inqubo ngokuya nge-PCB.

(4) I-PCB inikeza ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuhlelwe inqubo. Izinqubo kuphela ezisesimweni esilungile ezingahle zihlelelwe ukusebenza, futhi i-PCB inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuthi inqubo ikusiphi isimo. Uma inqubo isesimweni sokulungela, isistimu iyifaka emgqeni olungile bese ilinda umhleli ukuthi ahlele. ; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwazi olunye ulwazi mayelana nenqubo lapho uhlela. Isibonelo, ku-algorithm yokuhlela okubalulekile, udinga ukwazi inqubo Okubalulekile. Kwamanye ama-algorithms okuhlela alungile, udinga futhi ukwazi isikhathi sokulinda senqubo kanye nemicimbi eyenziwe.

(5) I-PCB ibona ukuvumelanisa nokuxhumana nezinye izinqubo. Indlela yokuvumelanisa inqubo isetshenziselwa ukubona ukusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene. Uma indlela ye-semaphore yamukelwa, idinga ukuthi i-semaphore ehambisanayo yokuvumelanisa isethwe kunqubo ngayinye. I-PCB futhi inendawo noma isikhombisi somugqa wokuxhumana sokuxhumana kwenqubo.

Ulwazi kubhulokhi yokulawula inqubo:

Kubhulokhi yokulawula inqubo, kufaka phakathi ulwazi olulandelayo:

(1) Inkomba yenqubo: Inkomba yenqubo isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ngokuhlukile inqubo. Inqubo ivamise ukuba nezinhlobo ezimbili zezihlonzi: ① izihlonzi zangaphandle. Ukuze kube lula inqubo yomsebenzisi ukufinyelela inqubo, isihlonzi sangaphandle kufanele sisethelwe inqubo ngayinye. Ihlinzekwa ngumdali futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe izinhlamvu nezinombolo. Ukuze kuchazwe ubudlelwano bomndeni benqubo, i-ID yenqubo yomzali kanye ne-ID yenqubo yengane nakho kufanele kusethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ID yomsebenzisi ingasethwa ukuze ibonise umsebenzisi umnikazi wenqubo. ②Isihlonzi sangaphakathi. Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo ngesistimu, isihlonzi sangaphakathi sisethelwa inqubo eku-OS, okungukuthi, inqubo ngayinye inikezwa isihlonzi sedijithali esiyingqayizivele, ngokuvamile okuyinombolo yesiriyeli yenqubo.

(2) Isimo somprosesa: Ulwazi lwesimo seprosesa lubizwa nangokuthi umongo wephrosesa, owakhiwa ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe amarejista ahlukahlukene wephrosesa. Lawa marejista afaka: ①Amarejista enhloso ejwayelekile, aziwa nangokuthi amarejista abonakalayo abasebenzisi, afinyeleleka ngezinhlelo zabasebenzisi futhi asetshenziselwa ukugcina imininingwane okwesikhashana. Kumaphrosesa amaningi, kukhona amarejista enhloso ejwayelekile ayi-8 kuye kwangama-32. Kumakhompyutha akhiwe nge-RISC Kungaba ngaphezu kwe-100; ②Ikhawunta yemiyalelo, egcina ikheli lomyalelo olandelayo ozofinyelelwa; ③Igama lesimo sohlelo elithi PSW, eliqukethe ulwazi lwesimo, njengekhodi yesimo, imodi yokusebenzisa, ifulegi lokuphazamisa imaski, njll.; ④Isikhombi sesitaki somsebenzisi, Kusho ukuthi inqubo ngayinye yomsebenzisi inesitaki sesistimu esisodwa noma ezimbalwa ezihlobene, ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina inqubo namapharamitha wekholi yesistimu namakheli okushaya. Isikhombi sesitaki sikhomba phezulu kwesitaki. Uma iphrosesa isesimweni sokwenza, ulwazi oluningi olucutshungulwayo lufakwa kurejista. Lapho inqubo ishintshwa, imininingwane yesimo sokucubungula kufanele ilondolozwe ku-PCB ehambisanayo, ukuze ukubulawa kuqhubeke kusukela endaweni lapho inqubo iphinda isenziwa.

(3) Ulwazi lokuhlela inqubo: Lapho i-OS ihlela, kuyadingeka ukuqonda isimo senqubo kanye nolwazi mayelana nokuhlela inqubo. Lolu lwazi luhlanganisa: ① Isimo senqubo, esibonisa isimo samanje senqubo, esetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlela inqubo nokushintshaniswa ②Ukubaluleka kwenqubo inombolo ephelele esetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinga elibalulekile lenqubo kusetshenziswa iphrosesa. Inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kufanele ithole iphrosesa kuqala; ③Olunye ulwazi oludingekayo ekushejulini kwenqubo, oluhlobene nenqubo yokushejula i-algorithm esetshenzisiwe Njengesibonelo, isamba sesikhathi lapho inqubo ilinde i-CPU, isamba sesikhathi lapho inqubo yenziwe, nokunye; ④Isehlakalo sisho umcimbi olindele ukuthi inqubo ishintshe isuke kusimo sokwenza iye esimweni sokuvimba, okungukuthi, imbangela yokuvinjwa.

(4) Ulwazi lokulawula inqubo: Ibhekisela kulwazi oludingekayo ekulawuleni inqubo, okuhlanganisa: ① Ikheli lohlelo nedatha, inkumbulo noma ikheli lenkumbulo yangaphandle yohlelo kanye nedatha enkampanini yenqubo, ukuze ihlelwe ukuthi sebenzisa uma inqubo isenziwa. , Uhlelo kanye nedatha ingatholakala ku-PCB; ②Inqubo yokuvumelanisa kanye nendlela yokuxhumana, okuyindlela edingekayo yokuvumelanisa nenqubo yokuxhumana, njengezikhombi zomugqa wemilayezo, ama-semaphores, njll., zingase zibekwe ku-PCB yonke noma ingxenye; ③Uhlu lwezinsiza, lapho zonke izinsiza (ngaphandle kwe-CPU) ezidingwa inqubo phakathi nokusebenza kwayo zikleliswe, futhi kukhona nohlu lwezinsiza ezabelwe inqubo; ④Isikhombi sesixhumanisi, esinikeza inqubo (PCB) Ikheli lokuqala le-PCB lenqubo elandelayo kulayini.