Phokoso lokwezeka mkati PCB ndichinthu chofunikira pakupanga zamagetsi. Aliyense mlengi PCB adzamvetsa cholinga cha PCB ogwiritsa mabowo ndi mamangidwe zofunika. Komanso, dzenje lokwera likalumikizidwa ndi nthaka, zovuta zina zosafunikira zimatha kupulumutsidwa mukayika.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mabowo a PCB kuti muchepetse EMI?

Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, mabowo okwera a PCB amathandizira kuti PCByo ipezeke mnyumbayo. Komabe, uku ndikumagwiritsidwe ntchito kwamagetsi, kuwonjezera pa maginito, magwiridwe antchito a PCB atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi (EMI). Ma PCBS omwe amakhala tcheru nthawi zambiri amakhala m’makola achitsulo. Kuti muchepetse EMI, mabowo okutidwa a PCB ayenera kulumikizidwa pansi. Pambuyo pa chikopa chokhazikikachi, kulowererapo kulikonse kwamagetsi kumayendetsedwa kuchokera pachitsulo chachingwe mpaka pansi.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mabowo a PCB kuti muchepetse EMI? Chifukwa chiyani kulumikizana pansi ndikofunikira?

Funso lodziwika bwino lofunsidwa ndi wopanga watsopano ndi lomwe mumalumikiza ndi malo ati? Muzida zamagetsi wamba, pali ma siginolo, nyumba ndi maziko. Monga lamulo la chala chachikulu, musalumikiza mabowo omwe akukwera kuti muwonetse nthaka. Signal ground ndi yomwe ikufotokozeredwa zamagetsi zamagetsi pakuzungulira kwanu, ndipo kuyambitsa kulowererapo kwamagetsi mmenemo sichinthu chanzeru.

Zomwe mukufuna kulumikiza ndizoyambitsa maziko. Apa ndipomwe kulumikizana konse kwa nduna kumakumana. Chassis grounding iyenera kulumikizidwa nthawi imodzi, makamaka kudzera pakulumikiza nyenyezi. Izi zimapewa kuyambitsa zingwe zolumikizira komanso kulumikizana kokhazikika. Kulumikizana kokhazikika kumatha kubweretsa kusiyana pang’ono kwamagetsi ndikupangitsa kuti pakali pano ziziyenda pakati pa chisiki. Chassis kenako imakhala pansi kuti ikhale yotetezeka.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kukhala ndi kulumikizana koyenera?

Ngati chipolopolo m’munsi mwa bolodi la PCB ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo, ndiye kuti chipolopolo chonse chachitsulo ndi dziko lapansi. Waya wa 220V wamagetsi amalumikizidwa padziko lapansi. Maulalo onse amafunika kulumikizidwa padziko lapansi, ndipo zomangira ziyenera kulumikizidwanso padziko lapansi. Mwanjira iyi, kusokonekera komwe kukubwera pakuyesa kwa EMC kumatulutsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera pansi kupita pansi popanda kusokoneza dongosolo lamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zodzitchinjiriza za EMC ziyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse, ndipo ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mawonekedwe.

Ngati ili ndi pulasitiki, ndibwino kuti mulowemo mbale yachitsulo. Ngati palibe njira yokwaniritsira, ndiye kuti m’pofunika kulingalira zambiri pamayendedwe amagetsi, chizindikiritso chodziwikiratu (wotchi, kukhazikitsanso, oscillator wa kristalo, ndi zina zambiri) mzere uyenera kuteteza kukonza nthaka, kukulitsa maukonde a fyuluta (chip, crystal oscillator , magetsi).

Kulumikiza mabowo okwera pansi ndi chassis ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, koma si njira yokhayo yabwino kutsatira. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti chida chanu chili chotetezedwa, maziko anu a chassis ayenera kulumikizidwa ndi malo oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mupanga makina olipirira oyimitsa omwe sanakhazikike bwino, mutha kukhala ndi makasitomala akudandaula za “kugwedezeka kwamagetsi” mukamalipira. Izi zitha kuchitika kasitomala akamagwira gawo lazitsulo lomwe silimatetezera.

Kugwedezeka pang’ono kwamagetsi kumathanso kuchitika ngati chassis yamagetsi yamakompyuta sichikhala pansi. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati zingwe zapansi zolumikiza malo ogulitsira magetsi mpaka pansi panyumba zaduka. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuyandama koyenda pamakina ofanana.

Mfundo yoteteza EMI imadalira kulumikizana koyenera. Kukhala ndi mgwirizano woyandama sikuti kumangowonetsa makasitomala anu magetsi pang’ono, koma kumatha kusokoneza chitetezo cha kasitomala wanu ngati chida chanu chikufupikitsa. Monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzipa, kukhazikika koyenera ndikofunikira pachitetezo ndi chitetezo cha EMI.

Njira Basic mapulani PCB ogwiritsa mabowo

Ma PCB ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Pali malamulo ochepa osavuta pokhudzana ndi mabowo okwera. Choyamba, tcherani khutu kuzinthu zoboola zomwe zikukwera. Cholakwika apa chimapangitsa kuti PCB yanu isayikidwe bwino m’nyumba zake. Onetsetsani kuti dzenje lokwera ndiloyenera kukula kwa kagwere komwe mwasankha.

Pulogalamu yabwino yopanga madera, monga pulogalamu ya Altium Designer, imatha kuyika mabowo okwanira ndikufotokozera malamulo okhudzana ndi malo osungika. Osayika mabowo okwera kwambiri pamphepete mwa PCB. Zida zochepa za dielectric m’mphepete zimatha kuyambitsa ming’alu mu PCB nthawi yakukhazikitsa kapena kusasula. Muyeneranso kusiya malo okwanira pakati pa mabowo omwe akukwera ndi magawo ena.