Kodi golide ntchito PCB kupanga?

Amalonda ndi ogula amadalira zida zamagetsi pafupifupi pafupifupi chilichonse m’moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.Magalimoto akudzaza bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) pachilichonse kuyambira kuyatsa ndi zosangalatsa mpaka masensa omwe amawongolera machitidwe azovuta zama makina. Makompyuta, mapiritsi, mafoni am’manja komanso zoseweretsa zambiri zomwe ana amasangalala nazo amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ndi PCB pantchito zawo zovuta.

Opanga ma PCB amakono akukumana ndi zovuta kuti apange matabwa odalirika omwe amachita ntchito zovuta kwambiri polamulira mitengo ndikuchepetsa kukula. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pama foni am’manja, ma drones ndi ntchito zina, pomwe kulemera ndikofunikira pakuwunika kwa PCB.

Golide ndi chinthu chofunikira pakapangidwe ka PCB, ndipo yang’anirani “zala” pazowonetsa zambiri za PCB, kuphatikiza zitsulo zopangidwa ndi golide. Zala izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitsulo zingapo ndipo zimatha kuphatikizira zinthu zokutidwa ndi golide womaliza, monga malata, lead, cobalt kapena nickel. Zolumikizana ndi golide izi ndizofunikira pantchito ya PCB, kukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi malonda omwe ali ndi bolodi.

Chifukwa golide?

Mtundu wa golide umapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino pakupanga kwa PCB. Zolumikizira zokutidwa ndi golide zimapereka mawonekedwe osasunthika am’mapulogalamu omwe amavala kwambiri, monga mapesi oyikapo mbale. Malo olimba agolide ali ndi malo okhazikika omwe amatsutsana ndi kuvala chifukwa cha zochitika mobwerezabwereza.

Mwakutero, golide ndi woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi:

Ndikosavuta kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira, mawaya ndi kulumikizana nawo

Golide amayendetsa magetsi moyenera (chinthu chofunikira pamagwiritsidwe a PCB)

Ikhoza kunyamula pang’ono pokha pano, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakompyuta zamakono.

Zitsulo zina zitha kupangidwa ndi golide, monga faifi tambala kapena cobalt

Sichimasokoneza kapena kuwononga, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yolumikizira yodalirika

Kusungunula ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito golide ndi njira yosavuta

Siliva ndi mkuwa zokha ndizomwe zimapereka magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ambiri, koma iliyonse imachita dzimbiri, ndikupangitsa kukana kwapano

Ngakhale ntchito zopyapyala zagolide zimapereka kulumikizana kodalirika komanso kosasunthika kosagwirizana kwenikweni

Kugwirizana kwa golide kumatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri

Makulidwe amtundu wa NIS atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ntchito zina

Pafupifupi zida zilizonse zamagetsi zimakhala ndi mulingo wagolide, kuphatikiza ma TV, mafoni, makompyuta, zida za GPS, komanso ukadaulo wokhoza kuvala. Makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu achilengedwe a PCBS okhala ndi golide ndi zinthu zina zagolide, chifukwa chofunikira pakufunika kodalirika, kuthamanga kwambiri kwa ma dijito oyenereradi golide kuposa chitsulo china chilichonse.

Golide sangafanane ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kuphatikiza ma voliyumu otsika komanso zofunikira zotsutsana, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyenera cha ma PCB ndi ntchito zina zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito golide pazida zamagetsi pakadali pano kukupitilira kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali yazodzikongoletsera.

China chomwe golide wapanga kuukadaulo ndi msika wamalengalenga. Chifukwa chokhala ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kudalirika kwa kulumikizana kwa golide ndi PCBS zophatikizidwa ndi ndege zamlengalenga ndi ma satelayiti, golide ndiye chisankho chachilengedwe pazinthu zofunikira.

Zinthu zina zofunika kuzisamalira mu PCB

Zachidziwikire, pali zovuta zina kugwiritsa ntchito golide mu PCBS:

Mtengo – Golide ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chopanda zochepa, ndikupangitsa kuti akhale chinthu chodula chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi mamiliyoni ambiri.

Kutaya chuma – chitsanzo chimodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito golide pazida zamakono monga ma foni am’manja. Mafoni ambiri samapangidwanso, ndipo kutayidwa mosasamala kumatha kutaya golide pang’ono. Ngakhale ndalamazo ndizochepa, zida zonyansa ndizazikulu ndipo zimatha kupanga golide wambiri wosasinthidwa.

Kudzipaka nokha kumatha kuvala ndi kupaka pansi pobwereza kapena kuthamanga kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri zinthu zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pazigawo zogwirizana. Lingaliro lina logwiritsa ntchito PCB ndikuphatikiza golide ndi chitsulo china, monga nickel kapena cobalt, kuti apange aloyi wotchedwa “golide wolimba”.

US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yanena kuti e-zinyalala zikukula mwachangu kuposa china chilichonse chazinyalala. Izi sizikuphatikiza kungotayika kwa golide kokha, komanso zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali ndipo mwina ndi poizoni.

Opanga ma PCB akuyenera kuyeza kugwiritsa ntchito golide pakupanga kwa PCB: kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chochepa kwambiri kumatha kunyoza kapena kusokoneza gululi. Kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe owonjezera kumakhala kowononga komanso kotsika mtengo kupanga.

Pakadali pano, opanga ma PCB ali ndi zosankha zochepa kapena njira zina zogwirira ntchito kutengera kuthekera ndi zinthu zakapangidwe kazitsulo za golide kapena golide. Ngakhale ndi mtengo wake wamtengo wapatali, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali ichi mosakayikira ndichinthu chosankhika pakupanga kwa PCB.