Yintoni na igolide esetyenziswa kwimveliso PCB?

Amashishini kunye nabathengi baxhomekeke kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babo bemihla ngemihla.Iimoto zigcwele ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (I-PCB) yayo yonke into ukusuka ekukhanyeni nasekuzonwabiseni ukuya kwii-sensors ezilawula indlela yokuziphatha kwemitshini ebalulekileyo. Iicompyuter, iitafile, ii-smartphones kunye nezinto zokudlala ezininzi ezonwabelwa ngabantwana zisebenzisa izinto ze-elektroniki kunye nePCB kwimisebenzi yazo entsonkothileyo.

Abaqulunqi be-PCB banamhlanje bajongene nomceli mngeni wokudala iibhodi ezinokuthenjwa ezenza imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi ngelixa kulawulwa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwii-smartphones, iidrones kunye nolunye usetyenziso, apho ubunzima kubalulekile ekuthatheni ingqalelo kwiimpawu zePCB.

Igolide yinto ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-PCB, kwaye ugcine iso “kwiminwe” kwimiboniso emininzi ye-PCB, kubandakanya oonxibelelwano bezinyithi ezenziwe ngegolide. Le minwe ihlala isinyithi esinezinto ezininzi kwaye inokubandakanya izinto ezifakwe umaleko wokugqibela wegolide, njenge-tin, ilothe, i-cobalt okanye i-nickel. Abafowunelwa begolide babaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwePCB, ukuseka unxibelelwano nemveliso equlathe ibhodi.

Kutheni igolide?

Umbala wophawu lwegolide luyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kwimveliso yePCB. Izihlanganisi zomphetho ezenziwe ngegolide zibonelela ngokungagungqi kumphezulu wokugqitywa kwezicelo ezinxibe kakhulu, ezinje ngamanqaku omda wokufaka ipleyiti. Umphezulu wegolide oqinileyo unomphezulu ozinzileyo ochasayo ukunxiba okubangelwa ngulo msebenzi uphindaphindwayo.

Ngobunjani bayo, igolide ikulungele ukusetyenziswa kwe-elektroniki:

Kulula ukuyila nokusebenza kwizidibanisi, iingcingo kunye nokudlulisa abafowunelwa

Igolide iqhuba umbane ngokufanelekileyo (imfuneko ebonakalayo yezicelo zePCB)

Inokuthwala inani elincinci langoku, elibaluleke kakhulu kwi-elektroniki yanamhlanje.

Ezinye izinyithi zinokuhanjiswa ngegolide, njenge-nickel okanye i-cobalt

Ayikhuphi umbala okanye idilize, iyenze ibe yindawo yokunxibelelana ethembekileyo

Ukunyibilika nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona igolide yinkqubo elula

Isilivere kunye nobhedu kuphela obonelela ngokuqhutywa kombane okuphezulu, kodwa nganye nganye ithambekele ekubombeni, idala uxhathiso lwangoku

Nokuba izicelo zegolide ezingcakacileyo zibonelela ngoqhakamshelwano oluthembekileyo noluzinzileyo ngokuxhathisa okuphantsi

Unxibelelwano lwegolide lunokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu

Umahluko wobunzima be-NIS inokusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa iimfuno zezicelo ezithile

Phantse zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziqulathe inqanaba legolide, kubandakanya iTV, ii-smartphones, iikhompyuter, izixhobo zeGPS, kunye netekhnoloji enxibekayo. Iikhompyuter sisicelo sendalo sePCBS esiqukethe igolide kunye nezinye izinto zegolide, ngenxa yesidingo sokuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo, okukhawulezayo kweempawu zedijithali ezilunge ngakumbi kwigolide kunayo nayiphi na enye intsimbi.

Igolide ayinakuthelekiswa nanto kwizicelo kubandakanya amandla ombane aphantsi kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zokumelana, okwenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kunxibelelwano lwePCB kunye nezinye izicelo ze-elektroniki. Ukusetyenziswa kwegolide kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki ngoku kudlula ukusetyenziswa kwezinyithi ezixabisekileyo kwizacholo.

Elinye igalelo elenziwe ligolide kwitekhnoloji yimboni yeenqwelo moya. Ngenxa yobude bexesha lokuphila kunye nokuthembeka konxibelelwano lwegolide kunye nePCBS ezidityanisiweyo kwiziphekepheke kunye neesathelayithi, igolide yayilukhetho lwendalo kwizinto ezibalulekileyo.

Eminye imiba efuna ingqalelo kwi-PCB

Ewe kunjalo, kukho iingxaki xa usebenzisa igolide kwi-PCBS:

Ixabiso-Igolide sisinyithi esixabisekileyo esinezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, esenza ukuba ibe yinto ebizayo esetyenziswe kwizigidi zezixhobo ze-elektroniki.

Ukuphulukana nezixhobo-umzekelo omnye kukusetyenziswa kwegolide kwizixhobo zale mihla ezinje ngee-smartphones. Uninzi lwee-smartphones azisetyenziswanga ukuba ziphinde zenziwe, kwaye ukungakhathalelwa kunokulahleka ngokusisigxina isixa esincinci segolide. Nangona isixa sincinci, isixa sezixhobo zenkunkuma sikhulu kwaye sinokuvelisa isixa esikhulu segolide engajikeleziswanga.

Ukuzigquma ngokwakho kunokuba lula ukunxiba kunye ne-smear phantsi koxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo okanye oluphezulu lokunyuka / ukutyibilika. Oku kuyenza isebenze ngakumbi ukusebenzisa izinto ezinzima kusetyenziso lweziqendwana ezihambelanayo. Olunye uqwalaselo lokusetyenziswa kwe-PCB kukudibanisa igolide nenye intsimbi, enje nge-nickel okanye i-cobalt, ukwenza i-alloy ebizwa ngokuba yi “hard gold”.

I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo yaseMelika (i-EPA) inika ingxelo yokuba inkunkuma ye-e ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunayo nayiphi na into yorhwebo. Oku akubandakanyi ilahleko yegolide kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinyithi ezixabisekileyo kunye nezinto ezinetyhefu.

Abavelisi be-PCB kufuneka balinganise ngononophelo ukusetyenziswa kwegolide kwimveliso ye-PCB: ukufaka isicelo esincinci kakhulu kwesinyithi kunokuhlisa okanye kuzinzise ibhodi. Sebenzisa ubukhulu obongezelelekileyo kuba yinkcitho kwaye kuyabiza ukuyenza.

Okwangoku, abavelisi bePCB baneendlela ezinqamlezileyo okanye ezinye iindlela zokuphila ngokuhambelana namandla kunye neempawu zegolide okanye iialloys zegolide. Nokuba inexabiso eliphezulu, le ntsimbi ixabisekileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yinto ekhethiweyo yokwakha i-PCB.