Ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito PCB njira zopangira

Makamaka interline crosstalk, zomwe zimakhudza:

Njira Yolowera Kumanja

Amapanga waya wotetezedwa

Kusagwirizana kwa impedance

Kuyendetsa mzere wautali

Kuchepetsa phokoso lotulutsa

Chifukwa chake ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa diode komanso kufalikira kwa loop. Ma diode junction capacitor amapanga ma oscillation otsika kwambiri, ndipo ma inductance ofanana a fyuluta capacitor amafooketsa ntchito yosefera, kotero yankho la kusokoneza pachimake pakusintha kwa ma waveform ndikuwonjezera ma inductors ang’onoang’ono ndi ma capacitor okwera kwambiri.

Kwa ma diode, mphamvu yayikulu yoyankhira, kutsogolo kwanthawi yayitali, reverse current, kutsika kwa voliyumu yakutsogolo ndi ma frequency ogwirira ntchito ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

Njira zoyambira zothanirana ndi mphamvu ndi:

The ac voltage regulator ndi fyuluta yamagetsi ya AC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunikira ndikupatula thiransifoma yamagetsi, ndipo varistor imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Pazochitika zapadera kuti khalidwe lamagetsi ndilokwera kwambiri, jenereta ya jenereta kapena inverter ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira magetsi, monga UPS yapaintaneti yosasokoneza magetsi. Adopt magetsi osiyana ndi magulu magetsi. Decoupling capacitor imalumikizidwa pakati pa mphamvu ya PCB iliyonse ndi pansi. Njira zotetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa kwa osintha magetsi. Transient voltage suppressor TVS idagwiritsidwa ntchito. TVS ndi chipangizo chodzitchinjiriza chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chomwe chimatha kuyamwa mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka ma kilowatts angapo. TVS imakhala yothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi magetsi osasunthika, kuchulukirachulukira, kusokoneza kwa gridi, kugunda kwa mphezi, kuyatsa kosinthira, kusintha kwamagetsi ndi phokoso lamoto/mphamvu ndi kugwedezeka.

Kusintha kwa analogi ya Multichannel: Muzoyezera ndi kuwongolera, kuchuluka koyendetsedwa ndi kuzungulira koyezera nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira zingapo kapena zingapo. Mabwalo otembenuzidwa wamba A/D ndi D/A amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kutembenuza kwa A/D ndi D/A kwa magawo ambiri. Chifukwa chake, masinthidwe amtundu wa analogi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira pakati pa dera lililonse lolamulidwa kapena loyesedwa ndi A/D ndi D/A kutembenuka motsatizana, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kugawana nthawi komanso kuzindikira koyenda. Zizindikiro zolowera zingapo zimalumikizidwa ndi amplifier kapena A/D converter kudzera mu multiplexer ndi njira ya single-terminal and differential connection, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza.

Zosintha zimachitika pamene chochulukitsa chimasintha kuchokera ku tchanelo kupita ku china, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera kwamagetsi kwakanthawi kochepa. Pofuna kuthetsa cholakwika chomwe chinayambitsidwa ndi chodabwitsa ichi, dera lachitsanzo pakati pa kutulutsa kwa multiplexer ndi amplifier lingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kapena njira yochepetsera mapulogalamu.

Kulowetsa kwa multiplex converter nthawi zambiri kumayipitsidwa ndi maphokoso osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, makamaka maphokoso wamba. A wamba mode kutsamwitsa chikugwirizana ndi athandizira mapeto a multiplex Converter kupondereza mkulu pafupipafupi wamba mode phokoso anayambitsa ndi masensa akunja. Phokoso lapamwamba lomwe limapangidwa panthawi yakusanja kwa ma frequency a converter sikuti limangokhudza kulondola kwa muyeso, komanso lingayambitse microcontroller kulephera kuwongolera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa SCM, imakhalanso phokoso lalikulu la multiplex converter. Chifukwa chake, cholumikizira chazithunzi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa microcontroller ndi A/D kudzipatula.

Zowonjezera: Kusankhidwa kwa amplifier nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito ma amplifier osiyanasiyana. M’malo ovuta komanso ovuta a sensa yogwira ntchito, amplifier yoyezera iyenera kusankhidwa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a impedance yayikulu, kutsika kwapang’onopang’ono, kukana mwamphamvu kusokoneza wamba, kutsika kwa kutentha, kutsika kwamagetsi otsika komanso kupindula kwakukulu, kotero kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati preamplifier mumayendedwe ofooka azizindikiro. Ma amplifiers odzipatula angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza phokoso lamtundu wamba kulowa mudongosolo. Isolation amplifier imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mzere wabwino komanso kukhazikika, chiŵerengero cha kukana kwamtundu wamba, mawonekedwe osavuta ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kupindula kosinthika. Module 2B30 / 2B31 yokhala ndi kukulitsa, kusefa ndi ntchito zosangalatsa zitha kusankhidwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito sensor yotsutsa. Ndi chosinthira chizindikiro chokana cholondola kwambiri, phokoso lochepa komanso ntchito zonse.

High impedance imayambitsa phokoso: Kuyika kwapamwamba kwa impedance kumakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zalowetsedwa. Izi zimachitika ngati chiwongolero chochokera kumayendedwe okwera kwambiri chili pafupi ndi chiwongolero chosintha mwachangu (monga mzere wa digito kapena wotchi), pomwe chiwongolerocho chimaphatikizidwa ndi kutsogolera kwamphamvu kwa parasitic capacitance.

Mgwirizano wa zingwe ziwirizi ukuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 7. Pachithunzichi, mtengo wa parasitic capacitance pakati pa zingwe ziwiri makamaka zimadalira mtunda wapakati pa zingwe (d) ndi kutalika kwa zingwe ziwiri zotsalira (L). Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi, mawaya amakono omwe amapangidwa mu mawaya amphamvu kwambiri ndi ofanana ndi: I=C dV/dt

Kumene: Ine ndi mawaya amphamvu kwambiri, C ndi mtengo wa capacitance pakati pa mawaya awiri a PCB, dV ndi kusintha kwa mawaya a mawaya ndi kusintha, dt ndi nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti magetsi asinthe kuchoka pa mlingo umodzi kupita ku mlingo wina.

Mu chingwe cha phazi la RESET mu kukana kwa 20K, kumapangitsanso bwino ntchito yotsutsana ndi kusokoneza, kukana kuyenera kudalira phazi lokhazikitsanso CPU.