Ezinye ezivame ukusetshenziswa PCB izindlela zokuhlela

Ikakhulukazi i-interline crosstalk, izici ezinomthelela:

Umzila we-engeli yesokudla

Yenza ucingo oluvikelekile

Ukulingiswa kokulinganisa

Ukushayela ngomugqa omude

Ukuncishiswa komsindo ophumayo

Isizathu siwushintsho olusheshayo lwamanje lwe-diode reverse kanye ne-loop distributed inductance. Ama-Diode junction capacitor enza ama-oscillation okunciphisa ama-high-frequency attenuation, futhi uchungechunge olulinganayo lwe-inductance yama-filter capacitor lwenza buthaka indima yokuhlunga, ngakho-ke isisombululo sokuphazanyiswa okuphezulu ekuguqulweni kwe-waveform okukhiphayo ukungeza ama-inductors amancane nama-capacitor amafrikhwensi aphezulu.

Kuma-diode, umthamo we-voltage wokuphendula omkhulu, umkhawulo wamanje oya phambili, i-reverse current, ukwehla kwe-voltage eya phambili kanye nobuningi bokusebenza kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwamandla yilezi:

Isilawuli se-ac voltage nesihlungi samandla e-AC sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokuhlukanisa isiguquli samandla, futhi i-varistor isetshenziselwa ukumunca i-voltage yokuhlinzwa. Esimeni esikhethekile lapho ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla iphezulu kakhulu, isethi yejeneretha noma i-inverter ingasetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla, njenge-inthanethi ye-UPS yamandla angaphazanyiswa. Yamukela ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukene kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi. I-decoupling capacitor ixhunywe phakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla kwe-PCB ngayinye kanye nomhlabathi. Izinyathelo zokuvikela kufanele zithathwe kuma-transformer kagesi. Kwasetshenziswa i-Transient voltage suppressor TVS. I-TVS iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziswa kabanzi sokuvikela isekethe esisebenza kahle kakhulu esingamunca amandla okugeza afika kuma-kilowatts amaningana. I-TVS isebenza ngokukhethekile ngokumelene nogesi omile, ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukuphazamiseka kwegridi, ukushaywa kombani, ukuthungela amaswishi, ukuhlehla kwamandla nomsindo wemoto/amandla nokudlidliza.

Ukushintshwa kwe-analog yeziteshi eziningi: Kusistimu yokulinganisa nokulawula, inani elilawulwayo kanye neluphu elinganisiwe kuvame ukuba yizindlela ezimbalwa noma eziningi. Amasekhethi ajwayelekile e-A/D kanye ne-D/A avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-A/D ne-D/A kwamapharamitha eziteshi eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha kwe-analog yamashaneli amaningi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukushintsha indlela phakathi kwesekethe ngayinye elawulwayo noma ehloliwe kanye nesekethe yokuguqula ye-A/D kanye ne-D/A ngokushintshana, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokulawula ukwabelana kwesikhathi nokutholwa komjikelezo. Izimpawu zokufaka eziningi zixhunywe ku-amplifier noma isiguquli se-A/D ngokusebenzisa i-multiplexer ngendlela yokuxhumeka kwe-single-terminal nokuhlukanisa, okunekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka.

Izinguquko zenzeka lapho i-multiplexer ishintsha isuka kwesinye isiteshi iye kwesinye, ibangele ukukhuphuka kwe-voltage okudlulayo lapho okukhiphayo. Ukuze kuqedwe iphutha elethulwe yile nto, isekethe yesampula ephakathi kokuphumayo kwe-multiplexer ne-amplifier ingasetshenziswa, noma indlela yokulibaziseka kwesampula yesofthiwe.

Okokufaka kwesiguquli se-multiplex kuvame ukungcoliswa imisindo ehlukahlukene yemvelo, ikakhulukazi imisindo yemodi evamile. Ukuminyanisa kwemodi evamile kuxhunywe ekugcineni kokufaka kwesiguquli se-multiplex ukuze kucindezelwe umsindo wemodi evamile ovama kakhulu owethulwa izinzwa zangaphandle. Umsindo wefrikhwensi ephezulu okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusampula kwemvamisa ephezulu kwesiguquli awuthinti nje kuphela ukunemba kokulinganisa, kodwa futhi ungabangela isilawuli esincane singakwazi ukulawula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yejubane eliphezulu le-SCM, liphinde libe ngumthombo omkhulu womsindo we-multiplex converter. Ngakho-ke, i-coupler ye-photoelectric kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kwe-microcontroller kanye ne-A/D isolation.

I-Amplifier: Ukukhethwa kwe-amplifier ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-amplifier edidiyelwe yokusebenza ehlukene. Endaweni yokusebenza kwenzwa eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enokhahlo, i-amplifier yokulinganisa kufanele ikhethwe. Inezici ze-impedance ephezulu yokufaka, i-impedance ephansi yokukhipha, ukumelana okuqinile nokuphazanyiswa kwemodi evamile, ukushisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, i-voltage ephansi ye-offset kanye nokuzuza okuphezulu okuzinzile, ukuze isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-preamplifier ohlelweni lokuqapha isignali olubuthakathaka. Ama-amplifiers okuhlukanisa angasetshenziswa ukuvimbela umsindo wemodi evamile ukuthi ungangeni ohlelweni. I-Isolation amplifier inezici zomugqa omuhle nokuzinza, isilinganiso esiphezulu sokwenqatshwa kwemodi evamile, isifunda esilula sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nenzuzo yokukhulisa okuguquguqukayo. I-module 2B30/2B31 ene-amplification, ukuhlunga kanye nemisebenzi yokuvusa ingakhethwa uma usebenzisa inzwa yokumelana. Kuyi-adaptha yesignali yokumelana nokunemba okuphezulu, umsindo ophansi nemisebenzi ephelele.

I-impedance ephezulu yethula umsindo: Okokufaka okuphezulu kwe-impedance kuyazwela kokokufaka kwamanje. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ukuhola okuvela kokokufaka kwe-impedance ephezulu kuseduze nomthofu one-voltage eshintsha ngokushesha (njengolayini wesignali wedijithali noma wewashi), lapho inkokhiso ihlanganiswe nokuhola okuphezulu kwe-impedance ngamandla e-parasitic.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamakhebuli amabili buboniswe kuMfanekiso 7. Emfanekisweni, inani le-parasitic capacitance phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili ngokuyinhloko lincike ebangeni eliphakathi kwezintambo (d) nobude bezintambo ezimbili ezisele ngokufana (L). Ngokusebenzisa le modeli, okwamanje okukhiqizwa kuzintambo ezivimbela kakhulu ilingana ne: I=C dV/dt

Lapho: Mina ngingumshini wamanje wezintambo ezivimbela amandla aphezulu, u-C inani le-capacitance phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili ze-PCB, i-dV ukushintsha kwe-voltage yezintambo ngokushintsha isenzo, i-dt isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze i-voltage ishintshe isuka kwelinye izinga iye kwelinye izinga.

Kuchungechunge lwezinyawo lwe-RESET ekumelaneni okungu-20K, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokumelana nokuphazamiseka, ukumelana kufanele kuncike onyaweni lokusetha kabusha i-CPU.