Zvimwe zvinowanzoshandiswa PCB marongerwo nzira

Kunyanya interline crosstalk, zvinokurudzira zvinhu:

Right Angle routing

Inoita shielded wire

Impedance kuenzanisa

Mutsara wakareba

Kuderedzwa kwekubuda kweruzha

Chikonzero ndechekuti diode reverse ikozvino inoshanduka shanduko uye loop yakagovaniswa inductance. Diode junction capacitors inoumba yakakwira-frequency attenuation oscillations, uye yakaenzana yakatevedzana inductance yemasefa capacitors inonetesa basa rekusefa, saka mhinduro yekukanganisa kwepamusoro mukubuda kwe waveform shanduko ndeyekuwedzera madiki inductors uye yakakwirira frequency capacitor.

Kune ma diode, iyo yakanyanya mhinduro voltage, yakanyanya kumberi ikozvino, reverse ikozvino, kudonha kwemagetsi kumberi uye frequency yekushandisa inofanirwa kutariswa.

Nzira dzekutanga dzesimba anti-kupindira ndeidzi:

Iyo ac voltage regulator uye AC simba sefa inoshandiswa kuvheneka uye kupatsanura simba rekushandura, uye varistor inoshandiswa kutora simba rekuvhiya. Muchiitiko chakakosha chekuti magetsi emagetsi akakwira zvakanyanya, seti yejenareta kana inverter inogona kushandiswa kugovera magetsi, senge online UPS isina kukanganiswa magetsi. Adopt akasiyana magetsi ekupa uye kupatsanura magetsi ekupa. A decoupling capacitor yakabatana pakati pemagetsi ega ega PCB uye pasi. Matanho ekudzivirira anofanira kutorwa kune magetsi emagetsi. Transient voltage suppressor TVS yakashandiswa. TVS inoshandiswa zvakanyanya-yakanyanya-inoshanda yekudzivirira yedunhu mudziyo unogona kutora simba rekuvhiya kusvika kune akati wandei kilowatts. TVS inonyanya kushanda pakurwisa magetsi akamira, overvoltage, kukanganiswa kwegidhi, kurova kwemheni, switch ignition, simba reverse uye mota / simba ruzha uye kuzunguza.

Multichannel analog switch: Muchiyereso nekudzora sisitimu, huwandu hunodzorwa uye chiyero chakayerwa kazhinji kazhinji kana akawanda enzira. Zvakajairwa A/D uye D/A kushandura maseketi anowanzo shandiswa kuA/D uye D/A shanduko yematanho akawanda paramita. Naizvozvo, akawanda-channel analogi switch inowanzoshandiswa kushandura nzira pakati pese inodzorwa kana kuedzwa dunhu uye A/D uye D/A kutendeuka dunhu pamwe chete, kuitira kuzadzisa chinangwa chekutonga-kugovana nguva uye kuona kwekufamba. Masaini akawanda ekuisa masaini akabatanidzwa kune amplifier kana A/D converter kuburikidza nemultiplexer nenzira yeimwe-terminal uye inosiyanisa yekubatanidza, iyo ine simba rinopesana nekupindira.

Transients inoitika kana multiplexer ichichinja kubva kune imwe chiteshi ichienda kune imwe, zvichikonzera spike yenguva pfupi mumagetsi pakubuda. Kuti ubvise chikanganiso chakaunzwa neichi chiitiko, samplehold wedunhu pakati pekubuda kweyakawanda uye amplifier inogona kushandiswa, kana nzira yekunonoka kwesoftware sampling.

Iko kupinza kwemultiplex converter inowanzosvibiswa neruzha rwakasiyana rwezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya ruzha rwemhando. Iyo yakajairika modhi inodzipwa yakabatana kune yekuisa yekupedzisira yemultiplex inoshandura kudzvanya iyo yakakwira frequency yakajairika modhi ruzha rwunounzwa nema sensors ekunze. Ruzha rwepamusoro rweruzha rwakagadzirwa panguva yekushandura yakakwira frequency sampling haingokanganisa kuyerwa kwechiyero, asi zvakare inogona kukonzera iyo microcontroller kutadza kutonga. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekumhanya kwakanyanya kweSCM, iri zvakare hombe ruzha sosi yemultiplex converter. Naizvozvo, iyo photoelectric coupler inofanirwa kushandiswa pakati peiyo microcontroller uye A/D yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.

Gudzazwi: Kusarudzwa kweamplifier kunowanzo shandisa akasiyana maitiro akasanganiswa amplifier. Munzvimbo yakaoma uye yakaoma sensor inoshanda nharaunda, kuyerwa amplifier kunofanirwa kusarudzwa. Iyo ine hunhu hweiyo yakakwira yekupinza impedance, yakaderera kubuda impedance, kuramba kwakasimba kune yakajairwa modhi kupindira, yakaderera tembiricha yekudonha, yakaderera offset voltage uye yakakwira yakagadzikana kuwana, zvekuti inoshandiswa zvakanyanya senge preamplifier mune isina simba chiratidzo chekutarisa system. Isolation amplifiers inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira yakajairika-modhi ruzha kubva kupinda muhurongwa. Isolation amplifier ine hunhu hwekunaka mutsara uye kugadzikana, yakakwira yakajairika modhi yekuramba reshiyo, yakapusa application dunhu uye inosiyana amplification kuwana. Iyo module 2B30/2B31 ine amplification, kusefa uye excitation mabasa anogona kusarudzwa kana uchishandisa kuramba sensor. Iyo inopikisa chiratidzo adapta ine yakakwirira chaiyo, yakaderera ruzha uye akazara mabasa.

High impedance inounza ruzha: Iyo yakakwira impedance yekuisa inonzwa kune yekupinza ikozvino. Izvi zvinoitika kana iyo inotungamira kubva kune yakakwira impedance yekupinza iri pedyo nekutungamira ine inokurumidza kuchinja voltage (yakadai sedhijitari kana wachi chiratidzo mutsara), uko kubhadharisa kunobatanidzwa kune yakakwira impedance inotungamira neparasitic capacitance.

Hukama huri pakati petambo mbiri inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. Mumufananidzo, kukosha kweparasitic capacitance pakati petambo mbiri kunonyanya kuenderana nechinhambwe chiri pakati petambo (d) uye kureba kwetambo mbiri dzakasara dzakafanana (L). Uchishandisa iyi modhi, yazvino inogadzirwa mune yakakwirira-impedance wiring yakaenzana ne: I=C dV/dt.

Ikoko: Ndini ikozvino ye-high-impedance wiring, C ndiyo capacitance kukosha pakati pePCB wiring mbiri, dV ndiyo shanduko yemagetsi ye wiring nekuchinja chiito, dt ndiyo nguva inotora kuti voltage ichinje kubva kune imwe nhanho kuenda kune inotevera nhanho.

Mune RESET rutsoka tambo kupinda 20K kuramba, zvikuru kunatsiridza anti-kupindira kuita, kuramba kunofanira kutsamira CPU reset tsoka.