O le a le lautele o le laina?

Tatou amata i mea taua. Ole a tonu le laupepa lautele? Aisea e taua ai le faʻamaoti mai se faʻapitoa avanoa lautele? Le faʻamoemoe o PCB uaea e fesoʻotaʻi soʻo se ituaiga o eletise faʻailo (analog, numera poʻo le malosiaga) mai le tasi ivi i le isi.

O le node mafai ona avea ma pine o se vaega, o se lala o se tele lapoʻa poʻo se vaʻalele, poʻo se gaogao pad poʻo se nofoaga faʻataʻitaʻi mo le suʻesuʻeina. O fua lautele e masani ona fuaina i mils poʻo le afe o inisi. Lautele masani lautele mo faʻailoga masani (leai ni manaʻoga faʻapitoa) atonu e tele inisi le umi ile 7-12 mils range, ae tele mea e tatau ona mafaufau iai pe a faʻamatalaina le lautele o le lautele ma le umi.

O le tusi talosaga e masani ona tuleia le faʻapipiʻi o le lautele ma faʻapipiʻi ituaiga i PCB tisaini ma, i nisi taimi, masani paleni PCB gaosiga tau, laupapa lapisi / lapoʻa, ma faʻatinoga. Afai o le laupapa ei ai manaʻoga tisaini manaʻoga, e pei o le saoasaoa faʻalelei, leo pe faʻapipiʻiina faʻatasi, poʻo le maualuga o le taimi nei / voltage, o le lautele ma le ituaiga o faʻailoga e ono sili atu le taua nai lo le faʻamautinoaina o le gaosiga o tau o le leai se PCB poʻo le aofaʻi lautele laupapa.

Faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa e fesoʻotaʻi ma uaea i fale gaosi PCB

Typically, the following specifications related to wiring begin to increase the cost of manufacturing bare PCB.

Maualuga-density ata e tuʻufaʻatasia ai PCB avanoa aveina, pei o le matua maeʻa vavalalata BGA poʻo le maualuga faʻailo pasi pasi tutusa, ono manaʻomia se laina lautele o 2.5 mil, faʻapea foʻi ma ituaiga faʻapitoa o le ala-lua ma diamimetera oʻo i le 6 mil, faʻapenei pei o leisa viliina microthrough-pu. I se isi itu, o nisi maualuga-mana tisaini ono manaʻomia tele tele uila poʻo vaʻalele, faʻaumatia atoa vaega ma sasaʻa aunese e mafiafia nai lo tulaga masani. I avanoa-taofiofia talosaga, lava manifinifi papatusi aofia ai le tele o faaputuga ma le faatapulaaina apamemea lafo mafiafia o le afa aunese (0.7 mil mafiafia) ono manaomia.

I isi tulaga, o ata mo le televave o fesoʻotaʻiga mai le tasi itu i le isi atonu e manaʻomia ai ni uaea faʻatonutonu ma faʻatonutonu faʻalautele ma le lautele lautele ma le va i le va o le tasi ma le isi e faʻaititia ai le mafaufau loloto ma faʻatonutonu fesoʻotaʻiga. Poʻo le mamanu ono manaʻomia se isi umi e faʻafetaui isi faʻailo talafeagai i le pasi. O le maualuga o volitiga apalai e manaʻomia ni vaega saogalemu, e pei o le faʻaitiitia o le mamao i le va o faʻailoilo eseʻesega e lua e puipuia ai le faʻamau. Tusa lava pe o a uiga poʻo foliga, o le sailia o uiga e taua, o lea ia tatou suʻesuʻe faʻapitoa polokalama.

Eseese lautele lautele ma mafiafia

PCBS typically contain a variety of line widths, as they depend on signal requirements. O faʻamaoniga sili ona lelei ua faʻaalia e mo lautele-faʻamoemoeina TTL (transistor-transistor logika) tulaga faʻailoga ma e leai ni manaʻoga faʻapitoa mo maualuga taimi nei poʻo le pisa puipuia.

Nei o le a sili ona taatele masani laina i luga o le laupapa.

Ua faʻamautuina le faʻapipiʻi o le uaea mafiafia mo le mafai gafatia o loʻo iai nei ma mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo mea faʻaalia poʻo mana e fesoʻotaʻi i mana e manaʻomia ai le paoa maualuga, pei o ili, afi, ma taimi masani e faʻamatuʻu ai le eletise i vaega maualalo. O le itu tauagavale i luga o le fuainumera o loʻo faʻaalia ai foʻi le eseʻesega faʻailo (USB maualuga-saosaoa) o loʻo faʻamatalaina ai se faʻapitoa avanoa ma le lautele e faʻamalieina ai faʻafitauli manaʻomia o le 90. Ata 2 o loʻo faʻaalia mai ai se laʻititi lapoʻa laupapa laʻasaga o loʻo i ai ono faʻavae ma manaʻomia ai le BGA (polo laina faʻavasega) faʻapotopotoga e manaʻomia finer wiring.

Faʻafefea ona fuafuaina PCB lautele lautele?

Seʻi o tatou laa i le faʻagasologa o le fuafuaina o se faʻapitoa tapulaʻa lautele mo se malosiaga faʻailo e fesiitaʻi nei mai se elemeni elemeni i se peripheral masini. I lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le a matou fuafuaina le laina laʻititi maualalo o le auala auala mo se afi DC. O le auala auala e amata i le fuse, sopoia le H-alalaupapa (o le vaega na faʻaaogaina e pulea ai le eletise i luga atu o le afi afi DC), ma faʻamutaina i le fesoʻotaʻiga o le afi. O le averesi faʻaauau maualuga taimi nei manaʻomia e se DC afi e tusa ma 2 amperes.

Lenei, PCB uaea galue o se resistor, ma o le uumi ma le vaapiapi o uaea, o le sili atu teteʻe ua faʻaopopo. A faʻapea e le faʻamatala saʻo le faʻapipiʻiina, o le maualuga o le taimi nei e ono faʻaleagaina le faʻapipiʻiina ma / pe mafua ai le paʻu o le voltage i le afi (e mafua ai le faʻaititia o le saoasaoa). Afai tatou te manatu i ni tulaga lautele, pei o le 1 aunese o le faʻasusuina o le apamemea ma le potu vevela i le taimi e masani ai ona faʻagaioia, e manaʻomia le fuafuaina o le laʻititi o le laina lautele ma le faʻamoemoe o le paʻu o le paʻu i lena lautele.

PCB uaea avanoa ma umi

Mo mamanu faʻanumeraina ma televavave fesoʻotaʻiga, spacing patino ma fetuʻunaʻi uumi ono manaʻomia e faʻaititia crosstalk, fesoʻotaʻiga, ma mafaufauga. Mo lenei faʻamoemoe, o nisi masani talosaga o USB-faʻavae serial eseesega faʻailo ma RAM-faʻavae tutusa faʻailoga faʻailo. Masani lava, USB 2.0 o le a manaʻomia eseesega faʻasolosolo i 480Mbit / s (USB maualuga televave vasega) pe maualuga. E mafua lenei mea ona o le televave o le USB e masani ona faʻagaioia i lalo ifo o voltages ma eseesega, aumaia le tulaga faʻailoga atoa latalata i tua leo i tua.

E i ai mea taua e tolu e mafaufau i ai pe a faʻasolosolo maualuga-saoasaoa uaea USB: uaea lautele, taʻitaʻi avanoa, ma uaea umi.

O nei uma e taua, ae o le sili ona faitio o le tolu o le mautinoa ia umi o laina e lua fetaui i le tele e mafai ai. As a general rule of thumb, if the lengths of the cables differ from each other by no more than 50 mils, this significantly increases the risk of reflection, which may result in poor communication. 90 ohm fetaui tutusa impedance o se lautele faʻamatalaga faʻapitoa mo eseesega paʻaga wiring. Ina ia ausia lenei sini, o le faʻasolosolo e tatau ona faʻalelei i le lautele ma le vateatea.

O le ata 5 o loʻo faʻaalia ai se faʻataʻitaʻiga o se paʻaga eseʻese mo le faʻapipiʻiina o USB saoasaoa televave o loʻo i ai le 12 mil lautele lautele i 15 mil vaitaimi.

Interfaces for memory-based components that contain parallel interfaces will be more constrained in terms of wire length. Ole tele ole polokalame PCB tisaini maualuga ole a iai le umi fetuʻunaʻiga gafatia e faʻalelei ai le laina umi e faʻafetaui uma faʻailoga talafeagai ile pasi tutusa. Ata 6 o loʻo faʻaalia ai se faʻataʻitaʻiga o le DDR3 faʻatulagaina ma le uumi fetuʻunaʻiga o uaea.

Lolomi ma vaʻalele o le faʻatumuina o le eleele

Nisi tusi apalai ma leo-maaleale vaega, e pei o uaealesi chips po o antennas, ono manaʻomia sina laʻititi puipuiga. O le fuafuaina o uaea ma vaʻalele ma faʻapipiʻi eleele pu e mafai ona fesoasoani tele e faʻaititia ai fesoʻotaʻiga o latalata vavaea poʻo vaalele pikiina ma ese-laupapa faʻailo e tolotolo i autafa o le laupapa.

Figure 7 shows an example of a Bluetooth module placed near the edge of the plate, with its antenna outside a thick line containing embedded through-holes connected to the ground formation. Lenei fesoasoani vavaeʻese le velo mai isi onboard liʻo ma vaʻalele.

This alternative method of routing through the ground can be used to protect the board circuit from external off-board wireless signals. O le ata 8 o loʻo faʻaalia mai ai le le pisa tele i le PCB ma le vaʻaia i totonu o le lua vaʻalele i tafatafa o le laupapa.

Faʻatinoga sili ona lelei mo PCB uaea

Ole tele o mea e faʻamautuina ai le faʻailogaina o vaega ole PCB fanua, ia e mautinoa lae mulimuli i faʻataʻitaʻiga lelei pe a faʻaaoga lau isi PCB, ona e maua ai lea o se paleni i le va ole tau ole PCB, lapoʻa ole matagaluega, ma le aotelega o galuega.