Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba indalo schematic kunye PCB Uyilo yimiba esisiseko yobunjineli bombane, kwaye kuyavakala ukuba izixhobo ezinjengamanqaku obugcisa, amanqaku esicelo, kunye neencwadi zezifundo zihlala zigxininiswe kwezi ndawo zenkqubo yoyilo. Nangona kunjalo, asifanele silibale ukuba ukuba awukwazi ukuguqula ifayile yoyilo olugqityiweyo kwibhodi yesiphaluka edibeneyo, i-schematic kunye ne-layout ayiluncedo kakhulu. Nokuba uqhelene kancinane nokuodola kunye nokudibanisa iiPCB, usenokungazi ukuba iinketho ezithile zinokukunceda ufumane iziphumo ezaneleyo ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Andizukuxoxa ngokwenziwa kwe-DIY yeePCB, kwaye andinakucebisa ngokunyaniseka le ndlela. Kule mihla, ukwenziwa kwe-PCB yobuchwephesha kubiza kakhulu kwaye kulula, kwaye ngokubanzi, isiphumo siphezulu kakhulu.

Ndiye ndabandakanyeka kuyilo lwePCB oluzimeleyo kunye nomthamo ophantsi ixesha elide, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ndafumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo olufanelekileyo ukubhala inqaku elibanzi malunga nalo mbandela. Nangona kunjalo, ndingumntu kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo andiyazi yonke into, ke nceda ungalibazisi ukwandisa umsebenzi wam kwicandelo lamagqabaza ekupheleni kweli nqaku. Enkosi ngegalelo lakho.

iskimu esisisiseko

I-schematic ikakhulu iqulunqwe ngamacandelo kunye neengcingo eziqhagamshelwe ngendlela evelisa ukuziphatha okufunwayo kombane. Iingcingo ziya kuba yimikhondo okanye zigalele ubhedu.

La macandelo abandakanya iinyawo (iipateni zomhlaba), eziziseti zemingxuma kunye/okanye iipadi zokunyuka komphezulu ezihambelana nejometri yetheminali yendawo ebonakalayo. Imizila yeenyawo inokuqulatha imigca, iimilo, kunye nombhalo. Le migca, iimilo, kunye nokubhaliweyo kubhekiselwa kuyo ngokudibeneyo njengoshicilelo lwesikrini. Ezi ziboniswa kwi-PCB njengezinto ezibonwayo kuphela. Abayi kuqhuba umbane kwaye abayi kuchaphazela umsebenzi wesekethe.

Lo mzobo ulandelayo ubonelela ngemizekelo yamacandelo eskim kunye neenyawo ze-PCB ezihambelanayo (imigca eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibonisa iipadi zeenyawo apho iphini ngalinye liqhagamshelwe).

pIYBAGAI8vGATJmoAAEvjStuWws459.png

Guqula isikimu sibe yiPCB uyilo

Isicwangciso esipheleleyo sitshintshwa yi-software ye-CAD ibe yi-PCB equlunqwe ngeepakethe zecandelo kunye nemigca; eli gama lingemnandanga libhekisa kuqhagamshelo lombane olungekaguqulwa lube ludibaniso olubonakalayo.

Umyili kuqala ulungelelanisa amacandelo, aze asebenzise imigca njengesikhokelo sokudala umkhondo, ukugalelwa kobhedu, kunye ne-vias. Umngxuma odlulayo ngumngxuma omncinci onoqhagamshelo lombane kwiileya ezahlukeneyo zePCB (okanye iileya ezininzi). Ngokomzekelo, i-thermal via ingadibaniswa kumgangatho wangaphakathi womhlaba, kwaye ucingo lobhedu lomhlaba luya kugalelwa phantsi kwebhodi).

Ukuqinisekisa: Chonga iingxaki kuyilo lwePCB

Isinyathelo sokugqibela phambi kokuqala kwesigaba sokwenza sibizwa ngokuba sisiqinisekiso. Ingcamango eqhelekileyo apha kukuba izixhobo ze-CAD ziya kuzama ukufumana iimpazamo zokucwangcisa ngaphambi kokuba zichaphazele kakubi umsebenzi webhodi okanye ziphazamise inkqubo yokuvelisa.

Kukho iindidi ezintathu zoqinisekiso ngokubanzi (nangona kusenokubakho iindidi ezininzi):

Ukuqhagamshelwa kombane: Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo zothungelwano ziqhagamshelwe ngohlobo oluthile lwesakhiwo sokuqhuba.

Ukungqinelana phakathi kweskim kunye noyilo: Oku kuyabonakala. Ndicinga ukuba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeCAD zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufezekisa le ndlela yokuqinisekisa.

DRC (Design Rule Check): Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwisihloko sokwenziwa kwePCB, kuba imithetho yoyilo yimiqathango omele uyibeke kuyilo lwakho ukuze uqinisekise ukwenziwa ngempumelelo. Imithetho yoyilo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya isithuba somkhondo esincinci, ububanzi bomkhondo obuncinci, kunye nedayamitha esezantsi ye-drill. Xa ubeka ibhodi yesiphaluka, kulula ukuphula imithetho yoyilo, ngakumbi xa ukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, qiniseka ukusebenzisa umsebenzi we-DRC wesixhobo seCAD. Umfanekiso ongezantsi udlulisela imithetho yoyilo endiyisebenzisileyo kwibhodi yokulawula irobhothi ye-C-BISCUIT.

Imisebenzi ye-PCB idweliswe ngokuthe tye kwaye ngokuthe nkqo. Ixabiso ekudibaneni kwemiqolo kunye neekholamu ezihambelana neempawu ezimbini zibonisa ubuncinci bokuhlukana (kwi-mil) phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ukhangele umqolo ohambelana ne “Ibhodi” uze uye kwikholomu ehambelana ne “Pad”, uya kufumana ukuba umgama omncinci phakathi kwepadi kunye nomda webhodi yi-11 mils.