Isantya esiphezulu sePCB uyilo lubhekisa kulo naluphi na uyilo apho ukuthembeka komqondiso kuqala ukuba kuchaphazeleke kwiimpawu zePCB, ezinje ngoyilo, ukupakisha, ukudibanisa, kunye nokubeka umaleko. Ngapha koko, xa uqala ukuyila iibhodi kunye nokuhlangabezana neengxaki ezinje ngokulibaziseka, iscrosstalk, ukubonakalisa, okanye ukuphuma, uya kungena kwicandelo loyilo lwePCB olukhawulezayo.

Ukugxilwa kule micimbi kwenza uyilo olukhawulezayo ukubalasela. Unokusetyenziselwa ukuyila i-PCB elula egxile ekubekweni kwecandelo nakwintambo. Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa uyilo lwesantya esiphezulu, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuqaphela izinto ezinje ngomgama wabo kumqondiso, ububanzi besiginali, apho zibekwe khona kwaye ziluhlobo luni lomkhondo. Unxibelelwano. Ngapha koko, unale miba engqondweni, iya kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwinkqubo yoyilo lwePCB.

Isantya esiphezulu se-PCB yoyilo

1. Yazi isoftware yoyilo ebonelela ngeendlela eziphambili

Ifuna imisebenzi emininzi entsonkothileyo ukuba yenzelwe kwisoftware yeCAD ngesantya esiphezulu. Kananjalo, akunakubakho zinkqubo zininzi zabaphengululi, kwaye zihlala zingenakho ukhetho oluphambili ngokusekwe kwi-web suite. Ke ngoko, ufuna ukuqonda okungcono kwezixhobo zeCAD ezinamandla.

2. Oohola bendlela

Xa kuziwa kwisantya esiphezulu sokubiyela, abaqulunqi kufuneka baqonde imigaqo yocingo olusisiseko, kubandakanya ukungasiki unxibelelwano emhlabeni kunye nokugcina iintambo zifutshane. Ke ngoko thintela i-crosstalk kumgama othile kumgca wedijithali kwaye ukhusele zonke iijenreyitha zokungenelela ukuze zingonakalisi ukuthembeka.

3. Ukudibanisa kunye nolawulo lwe-impedance

Kweminye imiqondiso emalunga ne-40-120 ohms, ifuna ukuthelekiswa kwempedance. Isalathiso sophawu lokuthelekiswa kwe-impedance yi-eriyali kunye nolwahluko oluninzi.

Kubalulekile ukuba umyili uyayiqonda indlela yokubala ububanzi bomgca kunye namaxabiso ayimfuneko e-lamination. Ukuba ixabiso le-impedance alichanekanga, umqondiso unokuchaphazeleka kakhulu, ukhokelela kurhwaphilizo lwedatha.

4. Ubude obufanayo

Kukho imigca emininzi kwibhasi yememori yesantya esiphezulu kunye nebhasi yomdibaniso. Le mizila inokusebenza kumaza aphakamileyo kakhulu, ke kubalulekile ukuba imiqondiso ihambe ngaxeshanye ukusuka esiphelweni sokuthumela kuye esiphelweni sokufumana. Ukongeza, ifuna inqaku elibizwa ngokuba kukuthelekisa ubude. Ke ngoko, owona mgangatho uqhelekileyo uchaza amaxabiso okunyamezelana ekufuneka athelekise ubude.

5. Nciphisa indawo yeluphu

Isantya esiphakamileyo abayili be-PCB kufuneka bazi iingcebiso, imiqondiso yokuhamba kwesantya esiphezulu kunokubangela i-EMI, i-EMC kunye nezinye iingxaki. Ke ngoko, kufuneka balandele imigaqo esisiseko, enjengokuba nomhlaba oqhubekayo kunye nokunciphisa indawo yomda ngokwandisa indlela ebuyayo yangoku yocingo, kunye nokufaka imingxunya emininzi.

Imiba efuna ingqalelo kuyilo olukhawulezayo lwePCB

Ubume bePCB bubaluleke kakhulu

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ukuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo kwePCB kwiisekethe ezinesantya esiphezulu kubalulekile kwisiphumo sokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, ubeko lwe-PCB aluzange luqwalaselwe kwasekuqaleni. Ke ngoko, iya kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kuyilo ukufezekisa imisebenzi eyimfuneko kunye nokuphumelela kwe-PCB yokuvelisa, njengokucwangciswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokuthobela izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ujongane nemicimbi ethile ngaphambi kokuyilwa kwePCB, ezinje ngoyilo lokuvelisa (i-DFM) kunye nokuqwalaselwa okongeziweyo kweemfuno ze-PCB ezikhawulezayo.

Uyilo olubi lunokubangela iingxaki zomsebenzi xa uqala ukuvavanya okanye xa usetyenziswa kwimveliso yePCB. Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi nangakumbi, isidingo sokuvavanya ukusilela kwe-PCB okanye imiba yokusebenza kunye nokudibanisa ubume beprototype kufuna iindleko kunye nexesha elininzi lokuyila kwakhona okanye ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona.

Amanqaku oyilo lwePCB

Ukuziqhelanisa, uyilo olukhawulezayo lwePCB lunezithintelo ezininzi kubaqulunqi, njengoko kufuneka ufezekise isantya esineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye iimfuno zoyilo. Ke ngoko, ukufezekisa uyilo lwebhodi yesekethe ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu eboniswe ngezantsi, ezinye izinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

Inqaku lenkqubo: Kuyaziwa ukuba iskimu esihle sinokubeka isiseko esihle kuyilo lwe-PCB. Ke ngoko, kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyilo le-PCB okanye injineli yombane, umzobo wesikim ungaphathwa ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokubanzi, iphatha isikimu njengeendlela zonxibelelwano ezinokuqhagamshelwa kwibhodi yesekethe. Kodwa i-schematics inokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekuququzeleleni nasekubonakaliseni uyilo lwesantya esiphezulu. Ke ngoko, ulwazi oluninzi ngangokunokwenzeka luyafumaneka kuyilo lwesikimu, njengobude bocingo, ukubekwa kwecandelo eliyimfuneko, ulwazi lomenzi wePCB, njalo njalo.

Uhlengahlengiso lobude bomkhondo: Xa usebenzisa ujongano olukhawulezayo, kuya kufuneka uhlengahlengise ubude bomkhondo wokudibanisa ukuhambisa isiginali kunye nomgca wedatha. Nangona kunjalo, ujongano lunokusilela kubuninzi bexesha, okanye alunakusebenza konke konke kuba aluhambelani. Ngaphaya koko, kokukhona isantya sokunxibelelana sinyuka, ukuphakama kweemfuno zokulinganisa ubude. Ke ngoko, kwimeko yokunxibelelana okufanayo, kufuneka ulungelelanise ubude bayo yonke imigca. Kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ngokuhlengahlengisa ubude bale migca ukufumana ubude obufunekayo kwiseti yeempawu.

Izinto PCB kunye neemfuno ngesantya esiphezulu ingqokelela: Oku kuya kuchaphazela uyilo lwakho ngesantya esiphezulu, ezifana umaleko ingqokelela isakhiwo kunye nezinto PCB.

Isicwangciso esiphakamileyo sokubeka indawo: Kuba ukutshintsha ubungakanani bepad kunye nokucaca kwecandelo kukhulisa ubude boqhagamshelo ngesantya esiphezulu, inokuyilwa ngesantya esiphezulu kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza ukubekwa kwamacandelo kunye nokuphucula indawo ehlala kwindawo ngesantya esiphezulu.

Umahluko wokwahlulahlula kunye nokuhamba komgama wobude: Kubalulekile ukuhambisa ngambini umahluko kuyilo olukhawulezayo ukuze izibini zemiqondiso zibekho ngaxeshanye.

I-Crosstalk, ulawulo lwe-impedance, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokufana: Kuyilo olukhawulezayo, zininzi izinto ezinokuthi zichaphazele uyilo lwakho. Ukongeza, kukho iindlela zokuqwalaselwa, ezinje ngendlela yokunciphisa ifuthe kuyilo.

Qonda iiribhoni kunye nemigca ye-microstrip: Ngokubanzi, kuyilo lwesantya esiphezulu, ifuna iindlela ezininzi zendlela. Ukuba umzila wohola wendlela kufuneka uphunyezwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nokuqonda okungcono kobuchwephesha kunye neendlela zendlela yokuhamba ngenqanawa.

Ithopholoji yokubhabhula kunye neendlela zokwenza ikhabhathi ezifanelekileyo: Ngokwesiqhelo, imilo ethile okanye itopiya iyafuneka ukuba iindlela zesekethe ezifunekayo ukulungiselela isantya sokufaka iikhabhathi kufuneka ziphunyezwe. Kananjalo, kulungile ukuba ujonge iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulandela umkhondo wobude bemigca, ukubaleka, ukubuyela umendo, njl.

Ukulinganisa: Uyilo lwesantya esiphezulu, ukulinganisa kuluncedo olukhulu ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuba uyilo luqala. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ube nokuqonda okungcono kwesoftware yoyilo lwe-PCB ukuze ufunde ngeengcebiso kunye namaqhinga oyilo lokulinganisa.

Wazi njani ukuba ufuna uyilo olukhawulezayo lwePCB?

1. Ngaba kukho ujongano olukhawulezayo ebhodini?

Indlela ekhawulezayo yokufumanisa ukuba ufuna ukulandela isikhokelo esikhawulezayo sokuyila kukujonga ukuba unendawo ezinesantya esiphezulu, ezinje nge-DDR, i-PCI-E, okanye ujongano lwevidiyo, ezinje nge-DVI, HDMI, njl.

Zonke ezi zinto zinxibelelanayo kufuneka zilandele imigaqo ekhawulezayo yoyilo. Ukongeza, nceda unike iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zedatha nganye kumaxwebhu.

2.Umlinganiso wobude bokulandela umkhondo ukubonisa ubude bamaza

Ngokubanzi, ukuba ubude bomyalezo wakho buyafana nobude bomgca, i-PCB yakho ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufuna uyilo olukhawulezayo. Kungenxa yokuba eminye imigangatho (enje nge-DDR) ifuna ukuba ubude bomgca bufanelane nonyamezelo oluncinci.

Inani elilungileyo kukuba ubude bekhebula kunye nobude bebude bunokugcinwa ngaphakathi komyalelo wobukhulu bomnye nomnye. Ke, licebo elihle ukujonga uyilo olukhawulezayo.

3. I-PCB enonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo

Njengoko uyazi, i-PCB nganye ine-eriyali, nokuba ngaba sisixhobo sokudibanisa okanye into ebhodini, imiqondiso yesantya esiphezulu ifuna ukuyilwa. Ukongeza, i-eriyali ebhodini ifuna ukungqinelana okuqinileyo ukutshatisa ubude bokuseta.

Kwiibhodi ezinezihlanganisi ze-SMA okanye izihlanganisi ezifanayo, kuya kufuneka uziqhagamshele kwisidibanisi esinexabiso elithile le-impedance.

siphelo

Ngamafutshane, ukufunda ngesantya esiphakamileyo kuyilo lwePCB kuxhomekeke kwenye iprojekthi. Nangona zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uyila isantya esiphezulu. Ngethamsanqa, isoftware ye-CAD oyisebenzisela uyilo lwe-PCB iya kukubonelela ngoncedo, ezinje ngee-impedance zokubala, iindlela zokunikwa kwengxelo ubude beendlela, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba kunye nezinye izixhobo.