Ijubane le-PCB ukwakheka kubhekisa kunoma yikuphi ukwakheka lapho ubuqotho besiginali buqala ukuthinteka khona yizimpawu zomzimba ze-PCB, njengokuhlelwa, ukufakwa, ukuxhumeka, kanye nokubeka ungqimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uqala ukuklama amabhodi futhi uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezinjengokubambezeleka, i-crosstalk, ukubonakalisa, noma ukuphuma, uzongena emkhakheni wokuklanywa kwe-PCB esheshayo.

Ukugxila kulezi zinkinga kwenza ukwakhiwa kwejubane eliphezulu kuhluke kakhulu. Ungahle usetshenziselwe ukuklama i-PCB elula egxile ekubekweni kwengxenye nasekuxhumeni izintambo. Kodwa-ke, lapho usebenzisa imiklamo yejubane eliphezulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka izinto ezinjengebanga labo kusuka kusiginali, ububanzi besiginali, ukuthi zibekwa kuphi nokuthi ziluhlobo luni lwethrekhi. Ukuxhumeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unalezi zici engqondweni, izofinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kunqubo yakho yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB.

Isivinini esikhulu se-PCB design amakhono

1. Yazi isoftware yokuklama enikeza izinketho ezithuthukile

Kudinga imisebenzi eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi yokwakhiwa kwisoftware ye-CAD ngejubane elikhulu. Futhi, kungahle kungabi nezinhlelo eziningi zabayizimfundamakhwela, futhi kaningi azikho izinketho ezithuthukile ezisuselwa ku-web suite. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqonda kangcono amathuluzi we-CAD anamandla.

2. Imigwaqo emikhulu

Uma kukhulunywa ngezintambo ezinejubane eliphezulu, abaklami kudingeka baqonde imithetho yezintambo eziyisisekelo, kufaka phakathi ukungasiki ukuxhumana komhlaba nokugcina izintambo zifushane. Ngakho-ke, vimbela i-crosstalk ebangeni elithile kulayini wedijithali futhi uvikele wonke ama-generator wokuphazamiseka ukuze angalimazi ubuqotho besiginali.

3. Ukufaka ikhebula nge-impedance control

Kwezinye izibonakaliso ezingama-40-120 ohms, kudinga ukufaniswa kwe-impedance. Inkomba yokufaniswa kwe-impedance yesici yi-antenna kanye nokwahlukana okuningi kwamabili.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umklami aqonde ukuthi angabalwa kanjani ububanzi bomugqa namanani we-impedance adingekayo wokuhlanza. Uma inani le-impedance lingalungile, isignali ingathinteka kakhulu, okuholele ekonakaleni kwedatha.

4.Ukulandelela ubude obufanayo

Kunemigqa eminingi ebhasini lememori esheshayo nesebhasi le-interface. Le migqa ingasebenza kuma-frequency aphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi amasiginali ahamba ngasikhathi sinye ukusuka ekugcineni kokuthumela kuye ekugcineni kokutholwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga isici esibizwa ngokufanisa ubude. Ngakho-ke, indinganiso ejwayelekile kakhulu ichaza amanani wokubekezelelana adinga ukufana nobude.

5. Nciphisa indawo yeluphu

Abaqambi be-PCB abanejubane eliphezulu badinga ukwazi amathiphu athile, amasiginali wemvamisa ephezulu angadala i-EMI, i-EMC nezinye izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo, njengokuhlala phansi ngokuqhubekayo nokunciphisa indawo enamanzi ngokuqhakambisa indlela ebuyayo yamanje yocingo, nokufaka izimbobo eziningi zomthungo.

Izinto ezidinga ukunakwa ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB esheshayo

Ukuhlelwa kwe-PCB kubaluleke kakhulu

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukukhiqizwa kahle kwe-PCB kumasekethe anejubane kubalulekile kumphumela wokugcina. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwe-PCB akuzange kubhekwe kwasekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni ukufeza imisebenzi edingekayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB okuyimpumelelo, njengokuhlela kwezinga eliphezulu nokuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukubhekana nezingqinamba ezithile ngaphambi kokuhlelwa kwe-PCB, njengokukhiqiza imikhuba yokuklama (i-DFM) nokucatshangelwa okwengeziwe kwezidingo ze-PCB ezinejubane.

Isakhiwo esingesihle singadala izinkinga zokusebenza lapho uqala ukuhlola noma uma sisetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-PCB. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, isidingo sokuhlola ukwehluleka kwe-PCB noma izingqinamba zokusebenza nokuhlanganisa kabusha ukwakheka kwesibonelo kudinga izindleko nesikhathi esithe xaxa sokwakha kabusha noma ukwenza kabusha.

Amanothi we-PCB design

Ngokwenzayo, imiklamo ye-PCB enejubane elikhulu inemikhawulo eminingi yabaqambi, njengoba udinga ukuhlangabezana nejubane lesiginali ehlukahlukene nezinye izidingo zokuklama. Ngakho-ke, ukufeza ukwakheka kwebhodi lesifunda esinejubane eliphezulu okuboniswe ngezansi, ezinye izinto zidinga ukucatshangelwa:

Inothi lokuhleleka: Kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlelo oluhle lungabeka isisekelo esihle sokwakhiwa kwe-PCB. Ngakho-ke, kuya ngokuthi ungumklami we-PCB noma unjiniyela kagesi, umdwebo wesikimu ungelashwa ngokuhlukile. Ngokuvamile, iphatha uhlelo njengendlela yokuxhumana engaxhunywa ebhodini lesifunda. Kepha ama-schematics angenza umehluko omkhulu ekuhleleni nasekwethuleni imiklamo yakho enejubane elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka iyatholakala ku-design schematic, enjengobude bezintambo, ukubekwa kwezinto ezidingekayo, imininingwane yomenzi we-PCB, njalonjalo.

Ukulungiswa kobude be-trace: Uma usebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonisa isivinini esikhulu, udinga ukulungisa ubude bokulandela ukuze uvumelanise ukudluliswa kwesiginali nomugqa wedatha. Noma kunjalo, i-interface ingahle yehluleke kakhulu, noma ingahle ingasebenzi nhlobo ngoba ayivumelanisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama kwemvamisa yesixhumi esibonakalayo, kuphakama izidingo ezihambelana nobude. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokuhlangana okufanayo, udinga nje ukulungisa ubude bayo yonke imigqa. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ulungisa ubude bale migqa ukuthola ubude obufunayo kusethi yamasiginali.

Izinto ze-PCB nezidingo zesitaki esisheshayo: Lokhu kuzothinta idizayini yakho esheshayo, efana nohlaka lwesitaki sezinto nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-PCB.

Isu lokubeka ngesivinini esikhulu: Ngoba ukushintsha usayizi wephedi nokuvunyelwa kwengxenye kukhulisa ubude bejubane lokuxhuma, kungaklanywa ngejubane eliphezulu kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza ukubekwa kwengxenye nokwenza ngcono indawo ehlala indawo ngejubane elikhulu.

Ukubhangqa okuhlukile kanye nomugqa wobude bomugqa: Kubalulekile ukuhambisa ngazimbili umehluko ngamadizayini asheshayo ukuze amabhangqa amasiginali abe khona ngasikhathi sinye.

I-Crosstalk, i-impedance control, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwe-parallelism: Ekuklanyweni kwejubane eliphezulu, kunezici eziningi ezingathinta idizayini yakho kabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amasu okufanele awacabangele, njengokuthi ungawunciphisa kanjani umthelela ekwakhiweni.

Qonda imigqa ye-ribbon ne-microstrip: Ngokuvamile, kumiklamo enejubane eliphezulu, idinga izindlela eziningi zomzila. Uma kuzosetshenziswa umzila womgwaqo omkhulu, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ube nokuqonda okungcono kwamasu we-strip ne-microstrip routing.

I-Cabling topology kanye nezindlela ezihamba phambili zokufaka iklabishi: Imvamisa, ukwakheka okuthile noma i-topology iyadingeka uma izindlela zesekethe ezidingekayo zokufaka iklabishi ngejubane kufanele zisetshenziswe. Futhi, kuhle ukuhlola izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulandela ubude bomugqa, ukweqa, ukubuyisa izindlela, njll.

Izilingisi: Ngokuklanywa kwejubane elikhulu, ukulingisa kunenzuzo enkulu ngaphambi kokuqala, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlelwa. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ube nokuqonda okungcono kwesoftware yokwakha ye-PCB ukuze ufunde amathiphu namasu wokuklanywa kokulingisa.

Wazi kanjani uma udinga idizayini ye-PCB enejubane eliphezulu?

1. Ingabe kukhona isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esinejubane ebhodini?

Indlela esheshayo yokuthola ukuthi ngabe udinga ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokwakhiwa kwejubane ukubheka ukuthi unezindawo zokuxhumana ezinesivinini esikhulu, njenge-DDR, i-PCI-E, noma ngisho nokuhlangana kwevidiyo, njenge-DVI, i-HDMI, njll.

Zonke lezi zinhlaka zidinga ukulandela imithetho ethile yokwakhiwa kwejubane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sicela unikeze imininingwane ecacisiwe yedatha ngayinye kumadokhumenti.

2.Isilinganiselo sobude bokubonisa ubude bamaza

Ngokuvamile, uma ubude bemilayezo yakho bufana nobude bomugqa, i-PCB yakho nakanjani izodinga ukwakhiwa kwejubane eliphezulu. Ngoba amanye amazinga (njenge-DDR) adinga ukuthi ubude bomugqa bufane nokubekezelelana okuncane.

Inombolo enhle enesilinganiso uma ubude bekhebula nobude bayo bungagcinwa ngaphakathi kokuphakama komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubheka ukwakheka kwejubane elikhulu.

3. PCB enesixhumi esibonakalayo esingenantambo

Njengoba wazi, i-PCB ngayinye ine-antenna, futhi noma ngabe kungenxa yesixhumi noma okuthile ebhodini, izimpawu ezisheshayo zidinga ukwakhiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antenna ebhodini idinga impedance eqinile ukufanisa ubude bokushuna.

Kumabhodi anezixhumi ze-SMA noma izixhumi ezifanayo, udinga ukuwaxhuma kusixhumi esinenani elithile le-impedance.

isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, ukufunda ngomklamo we-PCB onejubane kuncike kwenye iphrojekthi. Yize kunezinto eziningi okufanele uzicabangele lapho udizayina isivinini esikhulu. Ngenhlanhla, isoftware ye-CAD oyisebenzisela ukwakheka kwe-PCB izokunikeza usizo, njengama-calculator we-impedance, izinketho zokubika ubude bomzila, ama-routers pair ahlukile, namanye amathuluzi.