Kunoma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kokunikezwa kwamandla, ukwakheka komzimba we PCB ibhodi iyisixhumanisi sokugcina. Uma indlela yokuklama ingalungile, i-PCB ingase ikhiphe ukuphazamiseka okuningi kwe-electromagnetic futhi ibangele ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kusebenze ngokungazinzi. Okulandelayo yizindaba ezidinga ukunakwa esinyathelweni ngasinye esicutshungulwayo.

1. Ukugeleza kwedizayini kusuka kuhlelo kuya ku-PCB

Misa amapharamitha engxenye-“uhlu lwe-netlist lokufaka -” izilungiselelo zepharamitha yokuklama-“isakhiwo okwenziwa ngesandla-“izintambo ezenziwa ngesandla -” umklamo wokuqinisekisa-“buyekeza -” okukhiphayo kwe-CAM.

2. Ukulungiselelwa kwepharamitha

Ibanga phakathi kwezintambo eziseduze kufanele likwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha zikagesi, futhi ukuze kube lula ukusebenza nokukhiqiza, ibanga kufanele libe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhala esincane kufanele okungenani sifaneleke ukuthwala

voltage

Uma ukuminyana kwezintambo kuphansi, ukuhlukana kwemigqa yesignali kungandiswa ngokufanelekile. Ukuze uthole imigqa yamasignali enamazinga aphezulu naphansi, isikhala kufanele sibe sifushane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi isikhala kufanele sande. Ngokuvamile, isikhala sezintambo sisethwe ku-8mil. Ibanga phakathi komphetho wembobo yangaphakathi ye-pad kanye nomkhawulo webhodi eliphrintiwe kufanele libe likhulu kune-1mm, elingagwema ukukhubazeka kwephedi ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Lapho imikhondo exhunywe kuma-pads incane, ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-pads kanye nemikhondo kufanele kuklanywe ngendlela yokudonsa. Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi ama-pads akulula ukuwahlanza, kodwa ama-trace nama-pads akunqamuki kalula.

3. Isakhiwo sesakhi

Ukuzijwayeza kuye kwafakazela ukuthi ngisho

Isifunda

Umklamo wohlelo ulungile, futhi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe alakhiwe ngendlela efanele.

electronic

Ukuthembeka kwemishini kuthinteka kabi. Isibonelo, uma imigqa emibili emincane ehambisanayo yebhodi eliphrintiwe isondelene, i-waveform yesignali izobambezeleka futhi umsindo obonisiwe uzokwakhiwa kutheminali yolayini wokudlulisela. Ukusebenza kuyehla, ngakho-ke lapho uklama ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, kufanele unake ukwamukela indlela efanele. Ukushintshanisa ngakunye kukagesi kunamazanyana amane

Iluphu:

Isekhethi ye-AC yokushintsha amandla

Isilungisi se-AC sesekethe

Umthombo wamasignali wokufaka wamanje

Ukulayisha okuphumayo kweluphu yamanje yokufaka loop

Dlulisa cishe i-DC yamanje kokokufaka

capacitance

Ngokushaja, i-capacitor yesihlungi isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengendawo yokugcina amandla e-broadband; ngokufanayo, i-capacitor yesihlungi esiphumayo iphinde isetshenziselwe ukugcina amandla emvamisa ephezulu asuka kusilungisi okukhiphayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isuse amandla e-DC weluphu yokulayisha okukhiphayo. Ngakho-ke, ama-terminals we-input and output filter capacitors abaluleke kakhulu. Izihibe zamanje zokufaka nokuphumayo kufanele zixhunywe kuphela kumandla kagesi avela kumatheminali e-capacitor yesihlungi ngokulandelanayo; uma uxhumano phakathi kwe-loop yokufaka / yokuphuma kanye ne-switch switch/rectifier loop ayikwazi ukuxhunywa ku-capacitor I-terminal ixhunywe ngokuqondile, futhi amandla e-AC azodluliselwa endaweni nge-input or output filter capacitor.

Isekethe ye-AC yokushintshwa kwamandla kanye nesekhethi ye-AC yesilungisi iqukethe amaza e-trapezoidal e-amplitude ephezulu. Izingxenye ze-harmonic zale misinga ziphezulu kakhulu. Ifrikhwensi inkulu kakhulu kunemvamisa eyisisekelo yokushintsha. I-amplitude yesiqongo ingaba phezulu ngokuphindwe ka-5 kobukhulu bokufakwayo okuqhubekayo/okuphumayo kwe-DC yamanje. Isikhathi soguquko ngokuvamile simayelana nama-50ns. Lawa maluphu amabili ajwayele ukuphazamiseka kazibuthe, ngakho-ke lawa maluphu e-AC kufanele abekwe ngaphambi kweminye imigqa ephrintiwe endaweni yamandla. Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-loop ngayinye ama-filter capacitor, ama-switch switch noma ama-rectifiers,

inductance

I-transformer

Kufanele kubekwe eduze komunye nomunye, lungisa indawo yezingxenye ukuze wenze indlela yamanje phakathi kwazo ibe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokusungula i-switching power supply layout ifana nomklamo wayo kagesi. Inqubo yokuklama engcono kakhulu imi kanje:

1. Beka i-transformer

2. Dala iluphu yamanje yokushintsha amandla

3. Dizayina iluphu yamanje yesilungisi okukhiphayo

4. Isifunda sokulawula esixhunywe kumjikelezo wamandla we-AC

Dizayina iluphu yomthombo wamanje nokokufaka

lemifanekiso

Lapho uklama iluphu yomthwalo ophumayo kanye nesihlungi esiphumayo ngokuya ngeyunithi esebenzayo yesekethe, lapho ubeka zonke izingxenye zesekethe, le migomo elandelayo kufanele ihlangatshezwe:

Into yokuqala okufanele uyicabangele ubukhulu be-PCB. Uma usayizi we-PCB mkhulu kakhulu, imigqa ephrintiwe izoba yinde, i-impedance izokwanda, ikhono lokulwa nomsindo lizokwehla, futhi izindleko zizokhula; uma usayizi we-PCB mncane kakhulu, ukuchithwa kokushisa ngeke kube kuhle, futhi imigqa eseduze izophazamiseka kalula. Umumo ongcono kakhulu webhodi lesifunda unonxande, une-aspect ratio engu-3:2 noma 4:3. Izingxenye ezitholakala emaphethelweni ebhodi lesifunda ngokuvamile azikho ngaphansi kuka-2mm kude nomkhawulo webhodi lesifunda. Lapho ubeka izingxenye, cabanga nge-soldering yesikhathi esizayo, hhayi eminyene kakhulu Thatha ingxenye eyinhloko yesekethe ngayinye esebenzayo njengesikhungo bese uyibeka eduze kwayo. Izingxenye kufanele zibe ngokulinganayo, ngobunono futhi zihleleke kahle ku-PCB, zinciphise futhi zifinyeze umkhondo nokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye, futhi i-decoupling capacitor kufanele ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka ku-VCC yocingo. Izifunda ezisebenza ngamafrikhwensi aphezulu kufanele zicabangele izingxenye. Amapharamitha wokusabalalisa. Ngokuvamile, isifunda kufanele sihlelwe ngokuhambisana ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, akuyona nje inhle, kodwa futhi kulula ukuyifaka kanye ne-solder, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza ngobuningi. Hlela indawo yeyunithi yesifunda ngayinye esebenzayo ngokuvumelana nokugeleza kwesifunda, ukuze ukwakheka kube lula ukugeleza kwesignali, futhi isignali ihambisane ngangokunokwenzeka. Isimiso sokuqala sokuhlela ukuqinisekisa i-wiring ye-wiring. Naka ukuxhunywa kwemikhondo endizayo lapho uhambisa idivayisi, futhi uhlanganise amadivaysi axhunyiwe ukuze unciphise indawo ye-loop ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ucindezele ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi.

4. Ukuxhuma

Ugesi oshintshayo uqukethe amasiginali wefrikhwensi ephezulu. Noma yimuphi umugqa ophrintiwe ku-PCB ungasebenza njengothi. Ubude nobubanzi bomugqa ophrintiwe buzothinta i-impedance kanye ne-inductance, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte impendulo yemvamisa. Ngisho nemigqa ephrintiwe edlula amasignali e-DC ingabhangqa kumasiginali wefrikhwensi yomsakazo emigqeni ephrintiwe eseduze futhi ibangele izinkinga zesekethe (ngisho namasiginali wokuphazamiseka akhipha imisebe futhi). Ngakho-ke, yonke imigqa ephrintiwe edlula i-AC current kufanele yakhelwe ukuthi ibe mfushane futhi ibe banzi ngangokunokwenzeka, okusho ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezixhunywe emigqeni ephrintiwe kanye nezinye izintambo zikagesi kumele zibekwe eduze kakhulu.

Ubude bomugqa ophrintiwe bulingana nokungeniswa kwawo kanye ne-impedance, futhi ububanzi buhambisana ngokuphambene ne-inductance kanye nokuvinjelwa komugqa ophrintiwe. Ubude bubonisa ubude bewaveli bempendulo yomugqa ophrintiwe. Uma ubude bubude, buyancipha i-frequency lapho ulayini ophrintiwe ungathumela futhi wamukele amaza kagesi, futhi ungakhipha amandla efrikhwensi yomsakazo. Ngokusho kobukhulu bebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe lamanje, zama ukwandisa ububanzi bomugqa wamandla ukuze unciphise ukumelana kwe-loop. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yenza isiqondiso solayini wamandla kanye nentambo yaphansi ihambisane nesiqondiso samanje, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nomsindo. Ukubeka phansi igatsha elingezansi lamalophu amane amanje okunikezwa kwamandla okushintsha. Idlala indima ebalulekile njengendawo evamile yokubhekisela kumjikelezo, futhi iyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ukuphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, ukubekwa kocingo oluphansi kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ekuhleleni. Ukuxuba ama-grounds ahlukahlukene kuzodala ukusebenza kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okungazinzile.