PCB structure:

A basic PCB consists of a piece of protective material and a layer of copper foil, laminated onto the substrate. Chemical drawings isolate copper to separate leads called tracks or circuit traces, pads for connections, through-holes for transferring connections between copper layers, and characteristics of strongly conductive areas for EM protection or for different purposes. The rails serve as wires held in place and are insulated from each other by air and PCB substrate materials. The surface of the PCB may have a cover that protects the copper from corrosion and reduces the possibility of solder shorting between traces or unwanted electrical contact with stray uncovered wires. Because of its ability to predict welding short circuits, the coating is called solder resistance.

In addition, the main design as well as the necessary steps required for PCB design should be discussed.

Simple PCB design:

There are many PCB design tutorials on the Internet, basic PCB design steps and major PCB design software currently in use. But if you want a complete guide on PCB structural design and the different types and models, there is an informative portal on the Internet about PCBS called RAYMING PCB& Parts. All PCB prototypes and various PCB applications, everything can be found on this portal site.

To design a PCB, we must first draw the schematic diagram of the PCB. The schematic will give you a blueprint of the PCB, which will lay out the structure or track the location of various components on the PCB.

PCB design steps:

The following are the necessary steps to design a PCB;

Install software to design the PCB.

Design using PCB design software schematic.

Set the cable width.

The 3 d view

PCB design software:

There are many different and useful software on the market for designing the schematic part of a PCB. This is what the schematic part of a PCB looks like;

Understand PCB and learn simple PCB design and PCB proofing

Figure 2: SCHEMATIC diagram of PCB circuit

In order to design the schematic part of PCB, many software are used, mainly using;

KiCad

Proteus

Eagle

Orcad

Design PCB on Proteus:

Proteus is currently used to design PCBS. It is very easy to use and anyone who is not familiar with it will quickly become familiar with it and have all the features. This is because it has a very unique and user-friendly interface. You can easily find all the components you want to add to your PCB. Different wires and their interconnections can also be done easily.

Understand PCB and learn simple PCB design and PCB proofing

Familiarity with software is essential to getting the job done. Proteus provides a lot of convenience to find all the necessary components that you want to have in your PCB. You can easily access connections and all tools from the main window, as shown in the image above. Users can also see models of different components, so they can choose a device with a specific model in order to design a PCB.

The complete PCB design created on Proteus is given below;

Understand PCB and learn simple PCB design and PCB proofing

Figure 4: PCB layout design

The complete layout of a PCB designed using Proteus software is shown above. One can easily see the different components aligned and structured together to meet the needs of the working PCB, capacitor, LED and all wires connected in sequence.

Routing:

Once the schematic part of the PCB design is completed with the help of the software, the wiring of the PCB occurs. But before wiring, PCB users can check the validity of the design circuit with the help of simulation. After checking the validity, the route is complete. In routing, most software provides two options.

Manual routing

Automatic routing

In manual routing, the user places each component separately and connects it according to the circuit diagram, so in manual routing, there is no need to draw the schematic diagram before wiring.

In the case of automatic wiring, the user only needs to select the wiring width. Then the PCB is designed by automatically placing components through the automatic wiring software, and then connected according to the schematic diagram designed by the user. Try different connection combinations in automatic routing software so that errors do not occur. Users can design single or multi-layer PCBS depending on the application.

Set the cable width:

The width trace depends on the current flow through it. The formula used to calculate trace area is as follows:

Here “I” is the current, “δ T” temperature rises, and “A” is the trace region. Now calculate the width of the trace,

Width = Area/(thickness * 1.378)

K = 0.024 for the inner layer and 0.048 for the outer layer

The routing file for a double-sided PCB looks like this:

Figure 1: Routing file

Yellow lines are used for PCB borders, limiting component layout and wiring layout in automatic wiring. The red and blue lines show the bottom and top copper traces, respectively.

The 3 d view:

Certain software such as Proteus and KiCad provide 3D view capabilities, which provide a 3D view of the PCB with components placed on it for better visualization. One can easily judge what the circuit will look like after it is manufactured. After wiring, the PDF or Gerber file of the copper wire can be exported and printed on the negative.