PCB sebopeho:

PCB ea mantlha e na le sekhechana sa thepa e sireletsang le mokato oa foil ea koporo, e koahetsoeng holim’a substrate. Litšoantšo tsa lik’hemik’hale li arola koporo ho arola litselana tse bitsoang lipina kapa methati ea potoloho, mekotla ea likhokahano, masoba a ho fetisa likhokahano lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa koporo, le litšobotsi tsa libaka tse tsamaeang hantle bakeng sa ts’ireletso ea EM kapa merero e fapaneng. Literene li sebetsa joalo ka likhoele tse ts’oaretsoeng mme li koahetsoe ke moea le thepa ea substrate ea PCB. Bokaholimo ba PCB bo ka ba le sekoaelo se sireletsang koporo ho ts’enyeho le ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho fokotseha ha solder lipakeng tsa mehlala kapa ho kopana ha motlakase o sa batleheng ka likhoele tse sa buloang. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho bolela esale pele ho tjheseletsa lipotoloho tse khuts’oane, ho roala ho bitsoa ho hanyetsa ha solder.

In addition, the main design as well as the necessary steps required for PCB design should be discussed.

Simple PCB design:

There are many PCB design tutorials on the Internet, basic PCB design steps and major PCB design software currently in use. But if you want a complete guide on PCB structural design and the different types and models, there is an informative portal on the Internet about PCBS called RAYMING PCB& Likarolo. Mefuta eohle ea PCB le lits’ebetso tse fapaneng tsa PCB, tsohle li ka fumanoa sebakeng sena sa marang-rang.

Ho rala PCB, re tlameha ho qala ho taka sets’oants’o sa maiketsetso sa PCB. Moralo o tla u fa polane ea PCB, e tla rala sebopeho kapa e shebe sebaka sa likarolo tse fapaneng ho PCB.

Mehato ea moralo oa PCB:

The following are the necessary steps to design a PCB;

Install software to design the PCB.

Moralo o sebelisang PCB moralo oa software.

Set the cable width.

Pono ea 3 d

PCB moralo Software:

There are many different and useful software on the market for designing the schematic part of a PCB. Sena ke seo karolo e hlophisitsoeng ea PCB e shebahalang ka eona;

Understand PCB and learn simple PCB design and PCB proofing

Figure 2: SCHEMATIC diagram of PCB circuit

Bakeng sa ho rala karolo ea morero oa PCB, ho sebelisoa software tse ngata, haholo-holo ho sebelisoa;

KiCad

Proteus

Eagle

Orcad

Design PCB ka Proteus:

Proteus hajoale e sebelisetsoa ho rala PCBS. Ho bonolo haholo ho e sebelisa mme mang kapa mang ea sa e tsebeng o tla tloaelana le eona kapele mme a be le likarolo tsohle. Lebaka ke hore e na le sebopeho se ikhethileng haholo ebile se le bonolo ho se sebelisa. O ka fumana likarolo tsohle tseo u batlang ho li eketsa ho PCB ea hau habonolo. Mehala e fapaneng le likhokahano tsa tsona li ka etsoa habonolo.

Understand PCB and learn simple PCB design and PCB proofing

Familiarity with software is essential to getting the job done. Proteus provides a lot of convenience to find all the necessary components that you want to have in your PCB. You can easily access connections and all tools from the main window, as shown in the image above. Basebelisi ba ka bona le mefuta ea likarolo tse fapaneng, ka hona ba ka khetha sesebelisoa se nang le mofuta o itseng molemong oa ho rala PCB.

The complete PCB design created on Proteus is given below;

Understand PCB and learn simple PCB design and PCB proofing

Figure 4: PCB layout design

Moralo o felletseng oa PCB e entsoeng ka software ea Proteus e bontšoa kaholimo. Motho a ka bona habonolo likarolo tse fapaneng li hokahane le ho hlophisoa hammoho ho fihlela litlhoko tsa PCB e sebetsang, capacitor, LED le mehala eohle e hokahaneng ka tatellano.

Tsamaiso:

Hang ha karolo e reriloeng ea moralo oa PCB e phethetsoe ka thuso ea software, wiring ea PCB e ba teng. Empa pele ho wiring, basebelisi ba PCB ba ka sheba bonnete ba potoloho ea moralo ka thuso ea ketsiso. Kamora ho sheba bonnete, tsela e felile. Ho tsamaisa, software e ngata e fana ka likhetho tse peli.

Manual routing

Tsela e iketsang

Ho tsamaisong ea matsoho, mosebelisi o beha karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ka thoko ebe oa e hokahanya ho latela setšoantšo sa potoloho, ka hona ha o tsamaisa ka letsoho, ha ho na lebaka la ho taka sets’oants’o pele ho wiring.

Tabeng ea wiring e ikemetseng, mosebelisi o hloka feela ho khetha bophara ba wiring. Ebe PCB e reretsoe ke ka tsela e iketsang beha dikarolo ka jarolla ka ho iketsa wiring Software, ‘me joale amanang ho ea ka setšoantšo sa sekemeng etselitsoe ke mosebedisi ho. Try different connection combinations in automatic routing software so that errors do not occur. Basebelisi ba ka rala li-PCBS tse le ‘ngoe kapa tse ngata ho latela ts’ebeliso.

Set the cable width:

The width trace depends on the current flow through it. Morero o sebelisetsoang ho bala sebaka ke o latelang:

Mona “I” ke mocheso oa hajoale, “δ T” o nyoloha, mme “A” ke sebaka sa mohlala. Joale bala bophara ba tatellano,

Bophara = Sebaka / (botenya * 1.378)

K = 0.024 bakeng sa lera le ka hare le 0.048 bakeng sa lera le ka ntle

Faele ea routing ea PCB e mahlakore a mabeli e shebahala tjena:

Figure 1: Routing file

Ho sebelisoa mela e mosehla bakeng sa meeli ea PCB, e lekanyetsang moralo oa likarolo le moaho oa wiring ka mohala o iketsang. The red and blue lines show the bottom and top copper traces, respectively.

Maikutlo a 3 d:

Certain software such as Proteus and KiCad provide 3D view capabilities, which provide a 3D view of the PCB with components placed on it for better visualization. Motho a ka ahlola habonolo hore na potoloho e tla ba joang ha e se e entsoe. Kamora wiring, faele ea PDF kapa Gerber ea terata ea koporo e ka romeloa kantle ho naha mme ea hatisoa ho e mpe.