Kayan aikin cire kayan gargajiya na PCB sun haɗa da: oscilloscope na yankin lokaci, TDR (yankin yankin lokaci na haskakawa) oscilloscope, mai nazarin dabaru, da mai nazarin bakan yanki da sauran kayan aiki, amma waɗannan hanyoyin ba za su iya ba da cikakken bayanin bayanan hukumar PCB ba. Wannan takarda tana gabatar da hanyar samun cikakken bayanan electromagnetic na PCB tare da tsarin EMSCAN, kuma yana bayanin yadda ake amfani da wannan bayanin don taimakawa ƙira da gyarawa.

EMSCAN tana ba da ayyukan dubawa da sarari. Sakamakon binciken bakan zai iya ba mu ra’ayi gaba ɗaya game da bakan da EUT ta samar: adadin abubuwan mitar akwai, kuma menene ƙimar girman kowane ɓangaren mitar. Sakamakon binciken sararin samaniya shine taswirar topographic tare da launi mai wakiltar amplitude don mitar mita. Za mu iya ganin rabe -raben filin lantarki mai ƙarfi na wani mitar mitar da PCB ta haifar a ainihin lokacin.

Hakanan ana iya samun “tushen kutse” ta amfani da mai nazarin bakan da bincike kusa da filin. Anan amfani da hanyar “wuta” don aiwatar da kwatanci, yana iya gwada gwajin filin nesa (gwajin daidaitaccen EMC) don “gano wuta”, idan akwai mitar wuce iyaka, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin “sami wuta ”. Tsarin “Spectrum analyzer + single probe” makirci gaba ɗaya injiniyoyin EMI suna amfani da su don gano wani ɓangaren chassis ɗin da harshen wuta ke tserewa daga. Lokacin da aka gano harshen wuta, ana aiwatar da murkushe EMI gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kariya da tacewa don rufe harshen cikin samfurin. EMSCAN yana ba mu damar gano tushen tsangwama, “hura wuta,” da kuma “wuta,” wanda shine hanyar yada kutse. Lokacin da ake amfani da EMSCAN don duba matsalar EMI na dukkan tsarin, tsarin bin diddigin daga harshen wuta zuwa harshen wuta gabaɗaya ana karɓa. Misali, fara bincika chassis ko kebul don bincika inda tsangwama ta fito, sannan bincika cikin samfurin, wanda PCB ke haifar da kutse, sannan gano na’urar ko wayoyi.

Hanyar gabaɗaya ita ce kamar haka:

(1) Yi hanzarin gano hanyoyin kutse na electromagnetic. Dubi rarraba sarari na mahimmancin raƙuman ruwa kuma nemo wuri na zahiri tare da mafi girman amplitude akan rarraba sarari na raƙuman ruwa. Don tsoma baki, a saka madaidaiciya a tsakiyar kutse na watsawa (kamar 60MhZ-80mhz tsoma baki, za mu iya tantance 70MHz), bincika rarraba sararin samaniya na wannan mitar mita, nemo wuri na zahiri tare da mafi girman amplitude.

(2) Bayyana matsayin kuma duba taswirar bakan na matsayin. Bincika cewa girman kowane jituwa a wurin yana daidai da jimlar bakan. Idan an haɗa su, yana nufin cewa wurin da aka kayyade shine wuri mafi ƙarfi don samar da waɗannan rikice -rikice. Don tsangwama na broadband, duba ko wannan matsayi shine matsakaicin matsayi na dukan tsangwama na broadband.

(3) A lokuta da yawa, ba duk jituwa ake samarwa a wuri ɗaya ba, wani lokacin ma harmonics da madaidaitan jigogi ana yin su a wurare daban -daban, ko kuma ana iya samar da kowane ɓangaren jituwa a wurare daban -daban. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya samun mafi ƙarfin radiation ta hanyar kallon rarraba sarari na mitar maki da kuke damu.

(4) Babu shakka shine mafi inganci don magance matsalolin EMI/EMC ta hanyar ɗaukar matakai a wurin tare da mafi ƙarfin radiation.

Wannan hanyar gano EMI, wanda da gaske zai iya gano “tushen” da hanyar yaduwa, yana ba injiniyoyi damar warware matsalolin EMI a mafi ƙarancin farashi da sauri. Dangane da na’urar sadarwa, inda radiation ke fitowa daga kebul na wayar tarho, ya zama a bayyane cewa ƙara garkuwa ko tacewa zuwa kebul ɗin ba zai yiwu ba, yana barin injiniyoyi marasa ƙarfi. Bayan an yi amfani da EMSCAN don aiwatar da bin diddigin da binciken da ke sama, an kashe ƙarin yuan kaɗan a kan injin sarrafawa kuma an shigar da ƙarin abubuwan tacewa da yawa, wanda ya warware matsalar EMI da injiniyoyi ba su iya warwarewa a da. Saurin gano wurin kuskuren kewaye Hoto na 5: Spectrum zane na allon al’ada da allon kuskure.

Yayin da rikitarwa na PCB ke ƙaruwa, wahala da aikin cirewa shima yana ƙaruwa. Tare da oscilloscope ko mai nazarin dabaru, ɗaya ko iyakataccen adadin siginar siginar za a iya lura da su a lokaci guda, yayin da a zamanin yau ana iya samun dubban layin sigina akan PCB, kuma injiniyoyi dole ne su dogara da gogewa ko sa’a don nemo matsalar. Idan muna da “cikakken bayanan electromagnetic” na hukumar ta yau da kullun da kuma kwamitin da ba daidai ba, za mu iya nemo madaidaicin mitar mitar ta hanyar kwatanta bayanan biyu, sannan mu yi amfani da “hanyar kutse ta gano fasahar” don gano wurin da mitar mitar bakan, sannan za mu iya hanzarta nemo wurin da sanadin laifin. Sannan, an sami wurin “bakan mahaukaci” akan taswirar rarraba sarari na farantin kuskure, kamar yadda aka nuna a FIG.6. Ta wannan hanyar, wurin kuskuren ya kasance zuwa grid (7.6mm × 7.6mm), kuma ana iya gano matsalar cikin sauri. Hoto na 6: Nemo wurin “bakan mahaukaci” akan taswirar rarraba sarari na farantin kuskure.

Takaitaccen labarin

PCB cikakken bayanin wutar lantarki, na iya ba mu damar fahimtar PCB gabaɗaya, ba wai kawai taimaka injiniyoyi don warware matsalolin EMI/EMC ba, har ma suna taimaka wa injiniyoyi don warware PCB, kuma koyaushe inganta ƙimar ƙirar PCB. EMSCAN kuma yana da aikace -aikace da yawa, kamar taimakawa injiniyoyi don warware matsalolin hankali na lantarki.