Zida zolakwitsa zachikhalidwe za PCB onjezerani: oscilloscope ya nthawi, TDR (time domain reflectometry) oscilloscope, logic analyzer, ndi frequency frequency chowunikira ndi zida zina, koma izi sizingapereke chithunzi cha chidziwitso chonse cha PCB board. Pepala ili limafotokoza njira yopezera zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi za PCB ndi dongosolo la EMSCAN, ndikufotokozera momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito izi kuti zithandizire pakupanga ndi kukonza zolakwika.

EMSCAN imapereka zowunikira ndi malo osanthula malo. Zotsatira zakuwunika kwa sipekitiramu zitha kutipatsa chidziwitso cha sipekitiramu yotulutsidwa ndi EUT: kuchuluka kwamafupipafupi omwe alipo, ndi matalikidwe otani a gawo lililonse lama frequency. Zotsatira zakusanthula kwa malo ndi mapu owoneka bwino okhala ndi utoto woimira matalikidwe a malo afupipafupi. Titha kuwona kugawa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kwamagawo amtundu winawake wopangidwa ndi PCB munthawi yeniyeni.

“Malo osokoneza” amathanso kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chosanthula cha spectrum ndi kafukufuku wapafupifupi wam’munda. Apa gwiritsani ntchito njira ya “moto” kuchita fanizo, titha kuyerekezera kuyesa kwakutali (EMC standard test) kuti “mupeze moto”, ngati pali pafupipafupi kupitirira malire, amadziwika kuti “wapeza moto “. Ndondomeko yachikhalidwe ya “Spectrum analyzer + single probe” imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mainjiniya a EMI kuti azindikire kuti ndi gawo liti la chisisi lomwe lamoto likuthawa. Lawi likapezedwa, kupondereza kwa EMI kumachitika nthawi zambiri poteteza ndi kusefa kuti ziphimbe lawi mkati mwazogulitsazo. EMSCAN imatilola ife kuzindikira komwe kumayambitsa zosokoneza, “kuyatsa,” komanso “moto,” womwe ndi njira yofalitsira zosokoneza. Pamene EMSCAN imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika vuto la EMI la kachitidwe konse, njira yofufuzira kuchokera kumalawi amoto nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, choyamba jambulani chisiki kapena chingwe kuti muwone komwe kulowererako, kenako tsatani mkatikati mwa malonda, omwe PCB ikuyambitsa zosokoneza, ndikutsata chipangizocho kapena waya.

Njira yonse ndi iyi:

(1) Fufuzani mwachangu zosokoneza zamagetsi zamagetsi. Yang’anani kugawa kwa mafunde oyambira ndikupeza malo omwe ali ndi matalikidwe akulu kwambiri pakugawana kwa funde loyambira. Pakusokonekera kwa burodibandi, tchulani mafupipafupi pakati pakulowererapo kwa burodibandi (monga kulowererapo kwa burodibandi ya 60MhZ-80mhz, titha kutchula 70MHz), yang’anani magawidwe azipangizo zafupipafupi, pezani malo okhala ndi matalikidwe akulu kwambiri.

(2) Tchulani malowa ndikuwona mapu owonera malowo. Onetsetsani kuti matalikidwe amawu amtundu uliwonse amgwirizano ndi chiwonetsero chonse. Ngati atakulalikirani, zikutanthauza kuti malo omwe adanenedwa ndi malo olimba kwambiri kuti apange zosokoneza izi. Pakusokonezedwa kwa mabandeti, onetsetsani ngati malowa ndi omwe ali pachimake pazosokoneza zonse za burodibandi.

(3) Nthawi zambiri, si ma harmoniki onse omwe amapangidwa pamalo omwewo, nthawi zina ngakhale ma harmoniki ndi ma harmoniki osamvetseka amapangidwa m’malo osiyanasiyana, kapena gawo lililonse la harmoniki limatha kupangidwa m’malo osiyanasiyana. Poterepa, mutha kupeza cheza champhamvu kwambiri poyang’ana magawidwe azipangizo zomwe mumakonda.

(4) Mosakayikira ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto a EMI / EMC potenga malo ndi cheza champhamvu kwambiri.

Njira yozindikira ya EMI, yomwe imatha kutsata “gwero” ndi njira yofalitsira, imathandizira akatswiri kuthana ndi mavuto a EMI pamtengo wotsika kwambiri komanso mwachangu. Pankhani yolumikizirana, pomwe ma radiation amachokera pachingwe cha telefoni, zidawonekeratu kuti kuwonjezera kutchinga kapena kusefa pachingwe sichingatheke, kusiya akatswiri osowa chochita. EMSCAN itagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa kutsatira pamwambapa, ma Yuan angapo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bolodi la purosesa ndipo zoikamo zina zingapo zidakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zidathetsa vuto la EMI lomwe mainjiniya sakanatha kulithetsa kale. Kupeza mwachangu malo azolowera dera Chithunzi 5: Chithunzi cha sipekitiramu ya bolodi yabwinobwino ndi bolodi.

Pamene zovuta za PCB zikuchulukirachulukira, zovuta ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yolakwika kumawonjezekanso. Ndi oscilloscope kapena logic analyzer, ndi imodzi kapena mizere yocheperako yomwe imatha kuwonedwa nthawi imodzi, pomwe masiku ano pakhoza kukhala mizere masauzande ambiri pa PCB, ndipo mainjiniya ayenera kudalira luso kapena mwayi kuti apeze vutoli. Ngati tili ndi “chidziwitso chathunthu chamagetsi” cha bolodi yabwinobwino komanso bolodi lolakwika, titha kupeza mayendedwe osazolowereka poyerekeza ma data awiriwa, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito “chosokoneza gwero lopeza ukadaulo” kuti tipeze komwe kuli pafupipafupi sipekitiramu, kenako titha kupeza mwachangu malo omwe adayambitsa vutolo. Kenako, malo omwe panali “mawonekedwe achilendo” adapezeka pamapu ogawa malo olakwika, monga akuwonetsera pa FIG. 6. Mwanjira iyi, malo olakwika anali pa gridi (7.6mm × 7.6mm), ndipo vutoli limapezeka msanga. Chithunzi 6: Pezani komwe kuli “sipekitiramu yachilendo” pamapu ogawira anthu malo olakwika.

Chidule cha nkhaniyi

PCB chidziwitso chathunthu chamagetsi, chingatilole kuti timvetsetse bwino za PCB yonse, osati othandizira akatswiri kuthana ndi mavuto a EMI / EMC, komanso athandizire akatswiri kukonza PCB, ndikusinthanso mtundu wa PCB. EMSCAN ilinso ndi ntchito zambiri, monga kuthandiza akatswiri kuthana ndi zovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi.