Zida zachikhalidwe zowongolera PCB zikuphatikizapo: time domain oscilloscope, TDR (time domain reflectometry) oscilloscope, logic analyzer, ndi frequency domain spectrum analyzer ndi zipangizo zina, koma njirazi sizingapereke chithunzithunzi cha zonse za bolodi la PCB. deta. PCB bolodi amatchedwanso kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, kusindikizidwa dera bolodi mwachidule, PCB (losindikizidwa dera bolodi) kapena PWB (losindikizidwa mawaya bolodi) mwachidule, ntchito insulating bolodi monga zakuthupi m’munsi, kudula mu kukula kwake, ndi osachepera Ufumuyo A conductive chitsanzo ndi mabowo (monga chigawo mabowo, mabowo kumangirira, mabowo metallized, etc.) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’malo chassis wa zigawo zamagetsi chipangizo yapita ndi kuzindikira interconnection pakati pa zigawo zamagetsi. Chifukwa bolodiyi imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira amagetsi, imatchedwa bolodi “losindikizidwa”. Sizolondola kutchula “bokosi losindikizidwa” ngati “gawo losindikizidwa” chifukwa palibe “zigawo zosindikizidwa” koma mawaya okha pa bolodi losindikizidwa.

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

The Emscan electromagnetic compatibility scanning system imagwiritsa ntchito tekinoloje ya antenna yokhala ndi patent ndi ukadaulo wosinthira pamagetsi, womwe umatha kuyeza momwe PCB ilili pa liwiro lalikulu. Chinsinsi cha Emscan ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mlongoti wovomerezeka kuti ayese ma radiation apafupi a PCB yogwira ntchito yomwe imayikidwa pa scanner. Gulu la antenna ili ndi ma 40 x 32 (1280) ang’onoang’ono a H-field probes, omwe amaikidwa mu bolodi la dera la 8-wosanjikiza, ndipo gawo lotetezera likuwonjezeredwa ku bolodi la dera kuti liyike PCB yoyesedwa. Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa sipekitiramu zitha kutipatsa kumvetsetsa movutikira kwa kuchuluka komwe kumapangidwa ndi EUT: kuchuluka kwa ma frequency omwe alipo, komanso kuchuluka kwa gawo lililonse la ma frequency.

Full band scan

Mapangidwe a bolodi la PCB amachokera pazithunzi zamakonzedwe a dera kuti azindikire ntchito zomwe wokonza dera amafunikira. Mapangidwe a bolodi losindikizidwa makamaka amatanthauza kamangidwe kamene kamayenera kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga masanjidwe a maulumikizidwe akunja, mawonekedwe okongoletsedwa a zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, mawonekedwe okhathamiritsa olumikizira zitsulo ndikudutsa mabowo, chitetezo chamagetsi, ndi kutentha kutentha. Mapangidwe abwino kwambiri amatha kupulumutsa mtengo wopangira ndikukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito abwino a dera komanso ntchito yochotsa kutentha. Mapangidwe osavuta amatha kuzindikirika ndi manja, pomwe mapangidwe ovuta amafunikira kuzindikirika mothandizidwa ndi makompyuta.

Mukamapanga mawonekedwe a sipekitiramu/malo, ikani PCB yogwira ntchito pa sikani. PCB imagawidwa m’magulu a 7.6mm × 7.6mm ndi gridi ya scanner (gulu lililonse limakhala ndi kafukufuku wa H-field), ndikuchita Pambuyo poyang’ana gulu lafupipafupi la kafukufuku uliwonse (mafupipafupi akhoza kukhala kuchokera ku 10kHz-3GHz) , Emscan pamapeto pake amapereka zithunzi ziwiri, zomwe ndi spectrogram yopangidwa (Chithunzi 1) ndi mapu opangidwa ndi malo (Chithunzi 2).

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

Kusanthula kwa Spectrum/Spatial kumalandira zidziwitso zonse za kafukufuku aliyense mdera lonselo. Mukapanga sikani ya sipekitiramu/malo, mutha kupeza zidziwitso zama radiation yama electromagnetic pama frequency onse pamalo onse. Mutha kulingalira za sipekitiramu / spatial jambulani deta mu Chithunzi 1 ndi Chithunzi 2 ngati mulu wa spatial scan data kapena mulu wa sipekitiramu Jambulani deta. Mutha:

1. Onani mapu ogawa malo a ma frequency otchulidwa (kawirikawiri kamodzi kapena zingapo) monga momwe mungawonere zotsatira za sikani ya malo, monga momwe chithunzi 3 chikusonyezera.

2. Onani mawonekedwe a malo omwe atchulidwa (gulu limodzi kapena angapo) monga momwe mungawonere zotsatira za sikani ya sipekitiramu.

Zojambula zosiyanasiyana zogawa malo mumkuyu 3 ndizojambula zapamimba zapamimba zomwe zimawonedwa kudzera m’magawo osankhidwa. Imapezedwa pofotokoza ma frequency point ndi × mu spectrogram yapamwamba kwambiri pachithunzicho. Mutha kufotokozera ma frequency kuti muwone kugawa kwapang’onopang’ono kwa mphindi iliyonse, kapena mutha kufotokozera ma frequency angapo, mwachitsanzo, tchulani mfundo zonse za harmonic za 83M kuti muwone chiwonetsero chonse.

Mu spectrogram mu Chithunzi 4, gawo la imvi ndilo spectrogram yonse, ndipo gawo la buluu ndi spectrogram pa malo otchulidwa. Mwa kufotokoza malo enieni pa PCB ndi ×, poyerekeza spectrogram (buluu) ndi spectrogram yonse (imvi) yopangidwa pamalo amenewo, malo a gwero losokoneza amapezeka. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku Chithunzi 4 kuti njirayi imatha kupeza mwamsanga malo a gwero la kusokoneza kwa kusokoneza kwa burodibandi ndi kusokoneza kwa narrowband.

Pezani mwachangu gwero la kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

A spectrum analyzer ndi chida chophunzirira mawonekedwe a sipekitiramu yama siginecha amagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kupotoza kwa chizindikiro, kusinthasintha, kuyera kwa mawonekedwe, kukhazikika kwafupipafupi, ndi kusokoneza kwa intermodulation. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza machitidwe ena ozungulira monga amplifiers ndi zosefera. Parameter ndi chida choyezera pamagetsi chamitundu yambiri. Itha kutchedwanso frequency domain oscilloscope, tracking oscilloscope, analysis oscilloscope, harmonic analyzer, frequency character analyzer kapena Fourier analyzer. Ma spectrum analyzer amakono amatha kuwonetsa zotsatira zowunikira m’njira za analogi kapena digito, ndipo amatha kusanthula ma siginecha amagetsi m’mabandi onse a mawayilesi kuchokera pama frequency otsika kwambiri mpaka ma submillimeter wave ma wave pansi pa 1 Hz.

Kugwiritsira ntchito spectrum analyzer ndi kafukufuku wapafupi wapafupi kungathenso kupeza “zosokoneza”. Apa timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya “kuzimitsa moto” monga fanizo. Mayeso akutali (EMC standard test) angafanizidwe ndi “kuzindikira moto”. Ngati ma frequency apitilira malire, amatengedwa ngati “moto wapezeka.” Njira yachikhalidwe ya “spectrum analyzer + single probe” nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mainjiniya a EMI kuti azindikire “kuchokera mbali iti ya chassis yomwe lawi lamoto likutuluka”. Lawi litadziwika, njira yopondereza ya EMI ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kutchingira ndi kusefa. “Lawi lamoto” limaphimbidwa mkati mwazogulitsa. Emscan imatilola kuti tizindikire gwero la gwero losokoneza-“moto”, komanso kuti tiwone “moto”, ndiko kuti, momwe gwero losokoneza likufalikira.

Zitha kuwoneka bwino kuti pogwiritsa ntchito “chidziwitso chathunthu chamagetsi”, ndikosavuta kupeza magwero osokoneza ma elekitiroma, osati kungothana ndi vuto la kusokoneza kwa narrowband electromagnetic, komanso kothandiza pakusokoneza kwamagetsi kwa Broadband.

Njira yonse ndi iyi:

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

(1) Yang’anani momwe mafundewa amafalikira, ndikupeza malo omwe ali ndi matalikidwe akulu kwambiri pamapu ogawa mafunde ofunikira. Pakusokoneza kwa burodibandi, tchulani pafupipafupi pakati pa kusokoneza kwa burodibandi (mwachitsanzo, kusokoneza kwa Broadband 60MHz-80MHz, titha kutchula 70MHz), fufuzani kugawa kwapafupipafupi, ndikupeza malo okhala ndi matalikidwe akulu kwambiri.

(2) Fotokozani malo ndikuyang’ana mawonekedwe a malowo. Onani ngati matalikidwe a mfundo iliyonse ya harmonic pa malo awa akugwirizana ndi spectrogram yonse. Ngati zidutsana, zikutanthauza kuti malo osankhidwa ndi malo amphamvu kwambiri omwe amachititsa zosokonezazi. Pakusokoneza kwa Broadband, fufuzani ngati malowo ndi malo opambana a kusokoneza kwa Broadband konse.

(3) Nthawi zambiri, sikuti ma harmonic onse amapangidwa pamalo amodzi. Nthawi zina ma harmonics ndi ma harmonics osamvetseka amapangidwa m’malo osiyanasiyana, kapena chigawo chilichonse cha harmonic chikhoza kupangidwa m’malo osiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, mutha kupeza malo omwe ali ndi ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri poyang’ana kugawa kwapakati kwa ma frequency omwe mumawakonda.

(4) Kuchitapo kanthu m’malo omwe ali ndi ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri mosakayikira ndiyo njira yabwino yothetsera mavuto a EMI/EMC.

Njira yofufuzira ya EMI iyi yomwe imatha kutsata “gwero” ndi njira yofalitsa imalola akatswiri kuti athetse mavuto a EMI pamtengo wotsika kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Pachiyezero chenicheni cha chipangizo cholumikizirana, kusokoneza kwa ma radiation kumachokera ku chingwe cha foni. Atatha kugwiritsa ntchito EMSCAN kuti akwaniritse zomwe tatchulazi komanso kusanthula, ma capacitor ena ochepa adayikidwa pa bolodi la purosesa, zomwe zinathetsa vuto la EMI lomwe injiniya sakanatha kulithetsa.

Pezani mwachangu malo olakwika a dera

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zovuta za PCB, zovuta ndi ntchito zowonongeka zikuchulukiranso. Ndi oscilloscope kapena logic analyzer, imodzi yokha kapena chiwerengero chochepa cha mizere yowonetsera chikhoza kuwonedwa nthawi imodzi. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala zikwi mizere chizindikiro pa PCB. Mainjiniya atha kupeza vuto ndi zomwe adakumana nazo kapena mwayi. Vutolo.

Ngati tili ndi “chidziwitso chonse cha electromagnetic” cha bolodi yodziwika bwino ndi bolodi yolakwika, tikhoza kufananiza deta ya awiriwa kuti tipeze mawonekedwe afupipafupi, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito “teknoloji yosokoneza malo” kuti tipeze malo a ma frequency achilendo. Pezani malo ndi chifukwa cha kulephera.

Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma frequency a board yanthawi zonse ndi bolodi yolakwika. Kupyolera mu kuyerekezera, ndikosavuta kupeza kuti pali kusokoneza kwa Broadband kwachilendo pa bolodi yolakwika.

Kenaka pezani malo omwe “mawonekedwe achilendo” awa amapangidwira pa mapu ogawa malo a bolodi lolakwika, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6. Mwanjira iyi, malo olakwika ali pa gridi (7.6mm × 7.6mm), ndipo vuto likhoza kukhala lalikulu kwambiri. Matendawa apangidwa posachedwa.

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

Milandu yofunsira kuwunika mawonekedwe a PCB

A good PCB needs to be carefully designed by an engineer. The issues that need to be considered include:

(1) Kapangidwe kabwino ka cascading

Makamaka makonzedwe a ndege yapansi ndi ndege ya mphamvu, ndi mapangidwe a wosanjikiza kumene mizere yodziwika bwino ya zizindikiro ndi mizere yowonetsera yomwe imapanga ma radiation ambiri. Palinso kugawikana kwa ndege yapansi ndi ndege yamagetsi, ndi njira ya mizere yolumikizira kudera logawidwa.

(2) Sungani mzere wa mzere wopingasa mosalekeza momwe mungathere

Kudzera pang’ono momwe ndingathere; zolozera pang’ono kumanja momwe zingathere; ndi malo ang’onoang’ono momwe angathere pobwerera, amatha kutulutsa ma harmonics ochepa komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwa radiation.

(3) Fyuluta yamphamvu yabwino

Mtundu wololera wa fyuluta capacitor, mtengo wa capacitance, kuchuluka, ndi malo oyika, komanso dongosolo loyenera la ndege yapansi ndi ndege yamagetsi, zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma kumawongoleredwa m’dera laling’ono kwambiri.

(4) Yesetsani kuonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa ndege yapansi

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

Kudzera pang’ono momwe ndingathere; wololera kudzera m’malo otetezeka; kapangidwe kachipangizo koyenera; zomveka kudzera m’makonzedwe kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa ndege yapansi panthaka kwambiri. M’malo mwake, ma vias owundana komanso okulirapo kwambiri podutsa malo otetezedwa, kapena mawonekedwe osamveka a chipangizocho, akhudza kwambiri kukhulupirika kwa ndege yapansi panthaka ndi ndege yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchulukirachulukira kwapang’onopang’ono, ma radiation odziwika bwino, ndikupangitsa dera. kukhudzidwa ndi kusokoneza kwakunja.

(5) Pezani kunyengerera pakati pa kukhulupirika kwa siginecha ndi kuyanjana kwamagetsi

Pamalo owonetsetsa kuti zidazo zimagwira ntchito bwino, onjezani nthawi yokwera ndi yotsika ya chizindikirocho momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse matalikidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ma harmonics a ma radiation a electromagnetic opangidwa ndi chizindikirocho. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kusankha chopinga choyenera chonyowetsa, njira yoyenera yosefera, ndi zina zotero.

M’mbuyomu, kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chonse chamagetsi chamagetsi chopangidwa ndi PCB kumatha kuwunika mwasayansi mtundu wa mapangidwe a PCB. Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chonse cha electromagnetic cha PCB, mawonekedwe a PCB akhoza kuyesedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zinayi izi: 1. Chiwerengero cha ma frequency: chiwerengero cha ma harmonics. 2. Kusokoneza kwakanthawi: kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic kosakhazikika. 3. Kuchuluka kwa radiation: kukula kwa kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic pamtundu uliwonse wafupipafupi. 4. Dera logawa: kukula kwa gawo logawirako kusokoneza kwamagetsi pamtundu uliwonse wa PCB.

Muchitsanzo chotsatirachi, A board ndikusintha kwa B board. Zithunzi zojambulidwa za matabwa awiri ndi mapangidwe a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndizofanana. Zotsatira za kuwunika kwa sipekitiramu/magawo a matabwa awiriwa zikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 7:

Kuchokera pa spectrogram mu Chithunzi 7, zikuwoneka kuti khalidwe la A board ndilobwinoko kuposa la B board, chifukwa:

1. Chiwerengero cha ma frequency a board A mwachiwonekere ndi ocheperako kuposa B board;

2. Kukula kwa ma frequency ambiri a board A ndi ochepa kuposa a board B;

3. Kusokoneza kwakanthawi (magawo afupipafupi omwe sanalembedwe) a board A ndi ochepera kuposa a board B.

Momwe mungapezere ndikugwiritsa ntchito zambiri za PCB zamagetsi

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pachithunzi cham’mlengalenga kuti gawo lonse logawa ma elekitiromaginetiki pa mbale ya A ndilocheperako kuposa la B mbale. Tiyeni tiwone momwe ma electromagnetic interference agawika pa ma frequency point. Kutengera kufalikira kwa ma elekitiromagineti kusokoneza pa 462MHz frequency point yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 8, matalikidwe a mbale A ndi ochepa ndipo derali ndi laling’ono. B board ili ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso yogawa kwambiri.

Chidule cha nkhaniyi

Chidziwitso chonse chamagetsi a PCB chimatithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino PCB yonse, zomwe sizimangothandiza mainjiniya kuthetsa mavuto a EMI/EMC, komanso zimathandiza akatswiri kukonza PCB ndikuwongolera mosalekeza kapangidwe ka PCB. Mofananamo, pali ntchito zambiri za EMSCAN, monga kuthandiza mainjiniya kuthana ndi zovuta zamaginito ndi zina zotero.