O meafaigaluega masani mo le debugging PCB include: time domain oscilloscope, TDR (time domain reflectometry) oscilloscope, logic analyzer, and frequency domain spectrum analyzer and other equipment, but these methods can not give a reflection of the overall information of the PCB board. data. PCB board is also called printed circuit board, printed circuit board, printed circuit board for short, PCB (printed circuit board) or PWB (printed wiring board) for short, using insulating board as the base material, cut into a certain size, and at least attached A conductive pattern with holes (such as component holes, fastening holes, metallized holes, etc.) is used to replace the chassis of the electronic components of the previous device and realize the interconnection between the electronic components. Because this board is made using electronic printing, it is called a “printed” circuit board. It is not accurate to call “printed circuit board” as “printed circuit” because there are no “printed components” but only wiring on the printed circuit board.

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

O le Emscan electromagnetic compatibility scanning system e faʻaogaina ai le pateni faʻapipiʻi antenna tekonolosi ma tekonolosi faʻaeletoroni, lea e mafai ona fuaina le taimi nei o le PCB i se saoasaoa maualuga. O le ki i Emscan o le faʻaogaina lea o se antenna pateni pateni e fua ai le faʻalatalata lata ane o le PCB galue o loʻo tuʻuina i luga o le scanner. O lenei laina antenna e aofia ai le 40 x 32 (1280) suʻesuʻega laiti H-field, lea o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina i totonu o se laupapa matagaluega e 8, ma faʻapipiʻi se mea puipui i le laupapa matagaluega e tuʻu ai le PCB i lalo o le suʻega. Ole fa’ai’uga ole su’esu’ega ole alaleo e mafai ona tatou maua ai se malamalamaga fa’apitoa ile fusi ole alaleo na gaosia e le EUT: e fia vaega ole alaleo o iai, ma le fa’atatau ole tele ole vaega ole alaleo.

Fa’aili atoa

The design of the PCB board is based on the circuit schematic diagram to realize the functions required by the circuit designer. The design of the printed circuit board mainly refers to the layout design, which needs to consider various factors such as the layout of external connections, the optimized layout of internal electronic components, the optimized layout of metal connections and through holes, electromagnetic protection, and heat dissipation. Excellent layout design can save production cost and achieve good circuit performance and heat dissipation performance. Simple layout design can be realized by hand, while complex layout design needs to be realized with the aid of computer-aided design.

A’o fa’atino le galuega su’esu’e o alaleo/spatial, tu’u le PCB galue i luga ole si’i. O le PCB ua vaevaeina i le 7.6mm × 7.6mm grids e ala i le faasologa o le scanner (o faʻasologa taʻitasi o loʻo i ai se suʻega H-field), ma faʻatino A maeʻa le suʻesuʻeina o le faʻaupuga faʻasolo atoa o suʻesuʻega taʻitasi (o le laina ole laina e mafai ona mai le 10kHz-3GHz) , Emscan mulimuli ane tuuina atu ni ata se lua, e pei o le spectrogram synthesized (Ata 1) ma le synthesized faafanua avanoa (Ata 2).

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

Spectrum/spatial scanning obtains all the spectrum data of each probe in the entire scanning area. After performing a spectrum/spatial scan, you can get the electromagnetic radiation information of all frequencies at all spatial locations. You can imagine the spectrum/spatial scan data in Figure 1 and Figure 2 as a bunch of spatial scan data or a bunch of spectrum Scan the data. you can:

1. Va’ai le fa’afanua fa’afanua fa’asoa fa’afanua o le fa’asologa fa’apitoa (tasi pe sili atu fo’i laina) e pei lava o le va’aiga i le fa’ai’uga fa’amanino, e pei ona fa’aalia i le Ata 3.

2. Va’ai le spectrogram o le nofoaga fa’apitoa fa’apitoa (tasi pe sili atu fa’asologa) e pei lava o le va’ai i le fa’ai’uga fa’ata’ita’iga.

O fa’ata’otoga eseese fa’a-spatial i le Ata 3 o fa’ata’otoga fa’avanoa o le manava o fa’asologa o taimi e va’aia e ala i vaega fa’apitoa. E maua e ala i le fa’amaotiina o le fa’asologa o taimi ma × i le spectrogram pito i luga i le ata. E mafai ona e fa’ama’oti se fa’asologa o taimi e va’ai ai le fa’asoa fa’afanua o ta’iala ta’itasi, pe mafai fo’i ona e fa’ama’oti le tele o fa’asologa o taimi, mo se fa’ata’ita’iga, fa’ama’oti vaega uma o le 83M e va’ai ai le spectrogram atoa.

In the spectrogram in Figure 4, the gray part is the total spectrogram, and the blue part is the spectrogram at the specified position. By specifying the physical location on the PCB with ×, comparing the spectrogram (blue) and the total spectrogram (gray) generated at that position, the location of the interference source is found. It can be seen from Figure 4 that this method can quickly find the location of the interference source for both broadband interference and narrowband interference.

Su’e vave le puna o fa’alavelave fa’aeletonika

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

A spectrum analyzer is an instrument for studying the spectrum structure of electrical signals. It is used to measure signal distortion, modulation, spectral purity, frequency stability, and intermodulation distortion. It can be used to measure certain circuit systems such as amplifiers and filters. Parameter is a multi-purpose electronic measuring instrument. It can also be called frequency domain oscilloscope, tracking oscilloscope, analysis oscilloscope, harmonic analyzer, frequency characteristic analyzer or Fourier analyzer. Modern spectrum analyzers can display analysis results in analog or digital ways, and can analyze electrical signals in all radio frequency bands from very low frequency to sub-millimeter wave bands below 1 Hz.

O le fa’aaogaina o se su’esu’ega o alaleo ma se su’esu’ega lata ane e tasi e mafai fo’i ona su’e “puna fa’alavelave”. O iinei tatou te faʻaogaina ai le auala o le “tapē afi” o se faʻataʻitaʻiga. Ole suʻega mamao (EMC standard test) e mafai ona faʻatusatusa i le “suʻeina o le afi”. Afai e sili atu i le tau fa’atapula’a le fa’asologa, e ta’ua o le “ua maua se afi.” Ole fofo masani ole “spectrum analyzer + single probe” e masani ona faʻaaogaina e inisinia EMI e iloa ai “mai le fea vaega o le taʻavale e sau ai le mumu”. A maeʻa ona iloa le mumu, o le auala lautele e taofiofia ai le EMI o le faʻaaogaina lea o le talipupuni ma le faʻamamaina. “Afi” o loʻo ufiufi i totonu o le oloa. Emscan e mafai ai ona tatou iloa le puna o le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave-“afi”, ae faʻapea foʻi ona vaʻai i le “afi”, o lona uiga, o le auala e sosolo ai le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave.

E mafai ona manino le vaʻaia o le faʻaaogaina o le “faʻamatalaga electromagnetic atoatoa”, e matua faigofie lava e suʻe punaʻoa faʻalavelave electromagnetic, e le gata e mafai ona foia le faʻafitauli o le faʻalavelave electromagnetic narrowband, ae aoga foi mo le faʻalavelave eletise eletise.

O le lautele auala e faapea:

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

(1) Siaki le tufatufaina fa’apitonu’u o le galu fa’avae, ma su’e le tulaga fa’aletino ma le amplitude sili ona tele i luga o le fa’afanua fa’asoa fa’afanua o le galu fa’avae. Mo faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻasalalau, faʻamaonia se taimi i le ogatotonu o le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave (mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, 60MHz-80MHz faʻalavelave faʻasalalau, e mafai ona matou faʻamaonia le 70MHz), siaki le faʻasalalauga faʻapitoa o le faʻasologa, ma suʻe le nofoaga faʻapitoa ma le tele o le amplitude.

(2) Specify the location and look at the spectrogram of the location. Check whether the amplitude of each harmonic point at this position coincides with the total spectrogram. If they overlap, it means that the designated location is the strongest place that produces these interferences. For broadband interference, check whether the location is the maximum location of the entire broadband interference.

(3) In many cases, not all harmonics are generated at one location. Sometimes even harmonics and odd harmonics are generated at different locations, or each harmonic component may be generated at different locations. In this case, you can find the location with the strongest radiation by looking at the spatial distribution of the frequency points you care about.

(4) O le faia o fua i nofoaga e sili ona malosi le radiation e mautinoa lava o le fofo sili lea ona aoga i faʻafitauli EMI/EMC.

O lenei ituaiga o suʻesuʻega EMI e mafai ona suʻeina moni le “punavai” ma le faʻasalalauga auala e mafai ai e inisinia ona faʻaumatia faʻafitauli EMI i le tau maualalo ma le saoasaoa vave. I se fua fa’atatau moni o se masini feso’ota’iga, fa’avevela fa’alavelave e fa’aalia mai le uaea laina telefoni. A maeʻa ona faʻaogaina le EMSCAN e faʻatino ai le suʻesuʻeina ma le suʻesuʻeina o loʻo taʻua i luga, na faʻapipiʻiina i luga o le laupapa masini faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi, lea na foia ai le faafitauli EMI e le mafai e le inisinia ona foia.

Quickly locate the circuit fault location

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

Faatasi ai ma le faateleina o le lavelave PCB, ua faateleina foi le faigata ma galuega mamafa o debugging. Faatasi ai ma se oscilloscope poʻo se suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa, naʻo le tasi pe faʻatapulaʻa numera o laina faʻailoga e mafai ona matauina i le taimi e tasi. Ae ui i lea, atonu e faitau afe laina faailo i luga ole PCB. E mafai e inisinia ona maua le faʻafitauli e ala i le poto masani poʻo le laki. O le faafitauli.

Afai tatou te maua le “faʻamatalaga electromagnetic atoatoa” o le laupapa masani ma le laupapa sese, e mafai ona tatou faʻatusatusaina faʻamatalaga o le lua e suʻe ai le alaleo masani masani, ona faʻaaoga lea o le “tekonolosi nofoaga faʻalavelave faʻalavelave” e suʻe ai le nofoaga o le alaleo alaleo masani. Saili le nofoaga ma le mafuaaga o le toilalo.

O le ata 5 o lo’o fa’aalia ai le alaleo o alaleo o le laupapa masani ma le laupapa fa’aletonu. E ala i faʻatusatusaga, e faigofie ona maua o loʻo i ai se faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻalavelave i luga o le laupapa faʻaletonu.

Ona suʻe lea o le nofoaga o loʻo faʻatupuina ai lenei “ala o alaleo masani” i luga o le faʻafanua faʻasalalau faʻafanua o le laupapa faʻaletonu, e pei ona faʻaalia i le Ata 6. I lenei auala, o loʻo i ai le nofoaga faʻaletonu i luga o se grid (7.6mm × 7.6mm), ma o le faafitauli e mafai ona matua ogaoga. Ole su’esu’ega ole a vave ona fai.

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

Talosaga mataupu mo le iloiloina PCB mamanu lelei

A good PCB needs to be carefully designed by an engineer. The issues that need to be considered include:

(1) Fuafuaga ta’avale talafeagai

Aemaise lava le faʻatulagaina o le vaalele o le eleele ma le vaalele eletise, ma le mamanu o le laulau o loʻo i ai laina faʻailoga maʻaleʻale ma laina faʻailoga e maua ai le tele o le radiation. O loʻo i ai foʻi le vaevaega o le vaalele o le eleele ma le vaalele eletise, ma le taʻavaleina o laina faʻailoga i luga o le vaega vaeluaina.

(2) Ia fa’aauau pea le fa’aogaina o laina fa’ailo pe a mafai

I nai vias e mafai; ni nai fa’ailoga taumatau sa’o pe a mafai; ma i le la’ititi e mafai ona toe fo’i mai i le taimi nei, e mafai ona maua ai le fa’aitiitiga o le fa’amalieina ma fa’aitiitia le malosi fa’avevela.

(3) Lelei le mana faamama

Fuafuaga faamama ituaiga capacitor, capacitance tau, aofaʻi, ma le tulaga tuʻuina, faʻapea foʻi ma se faʻavasegaga talafeagai o le eleele ma le vaalele eletise, e mafai ona faʻamautinoa o loʻo pulea le faʻalavelave electromagnetic i se vaega sili ona itiiti.

(4) Taumafai e faʻamautinoa le saʻo o le vaalele o le eleele

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

I nai vias e mafai; talafeagai e ala i avanoa saogalemu; fa’atulagaina o masini talafeagai; talafeagai e ala i le faʻatulagaina e faʻamautinoa ai le faʻamaoni o le vaalele i le pito sili ona maualuga. I se isi itu, o vias mafiafia ma tele tele e ala i le va o le saogalemu, poʻo le faʻatulagaina o masini le talafeagai, o le a matua aʻafia ai le amiosaʻo o le eleele ma le vaalele eletise, e mafua ai le tele o fesoʻotaʻiga iductive, faʻavevela masani masani, ma o le a mafua ai le taamilosaga More maaleale i faalavelave mai fafo.

(5) Su’e se fetuutuuna’i i le va o fa’ailo fa’amaoni ma feso’ota’iga eletise

I luga o le faʻamoemoega o le faʻamautinoaina o le gaioiga masani o meafaigaluega, faʻateleina le siʻitia ma le pa’ū taimi pito o le faʻailoga i le tele e mafai ai e faʻaitiitia ai le amplitude ma le numera o harmonics o radiation electromagnetic na gaosia e le faailo. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e te manaʻomia le filifilia o se faʻamaʻi faʻafefete talafeagai, se metotia faʻamamaina talafeagai, ma isi.

I le taimi ua tuanaʻi, o le faʻaaogaina o faʻamatalaga uma o le fanua electromagnetic na gaosia e le PCB e mafai ona iloilo faʻasaienisi le lelei o le mamanu PCB. I le faʻaaogaina o faʻamatalaga electromagnetic atoatoa o le PCB, e mafai ona iloiloina le tulaga lelei o le mamanu o le PCB mai vaega nei e fa: 1. Le numera o taimi masani: le numera o harmonics. 2. Faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi: faʻalavelave electromagnetic le mautu. 3. Fa’avevela malosi: o le tele o fa’alavelave fa’aeletise i taimi ta’itasi. 4. Tufatufaina vaega: o le tele o le vaega tufatufaina o le electromagnetic faʻalavelave i taimi taʻitasi i luga ole PCB.

I le faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo mulimuli mai, o le laupapa A o se faʻaleleia atili o le laupapa B. O ata faʻataʻitaʻi o laupapa e lua ma le faʻatulagaina o vaega autu e tutusa lelei. O faʻaiʻuga o le fusi o alaleo / faʻafanua o laupapa e lua o loʻo faʻaalia i le Ata 7:

Mai le spectrogram i le Ata 7, e mafai ona iloa ai o le tulaga lelei o le laupapa A e sili atu le lelei nai lo le laupapa B, aua:

1. Ole numera ole fa’asologa ole laupapa A e manino lava e itiiti ifo nai lo le laupapa B;

2. O le amplitude o le tele o taimi o le laupapa A e laʻititi nai lo le laupapa B;

3. O le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi (faʻasologa o taimi e le o faʻailogaina) o le laupapa A e itiiti ifo nai lo le laupapa B.

Fa’afefea ona maua ma fa’aoga PCB fa’amatalaga electromagnetic

E mafai ona vaʻaia mai le vaʻaiga ata o le aofaʻi o le faʻalavelave faʻafefe eletise eletise o le A plate e laʻititi tele nai lo le B plate. Se’i o tatou va’ava’ai i le fa’asoa fa’alavelave fa’aeletonika i se taimi fa’apitoa. Fa’amasino mai le fa’asoa fa’alavelave fa’aeletonika ile 462MHz ole fa’asologa ole fa’aalia ile Ata 8, ole amplitude ole A plate e la’ititi ma e la’ititi le vaega. O le B laupapa o loʻo i ai se lautele tele ma se vaega faʻapitoa lautele tufatufaina atu.

Aotelega o lenei tusitusiga

O le atoatoa electromagnetic faamatalaga o le PCB e mafai ai ona tatou maua se malamalama tele intuitive o le PCB atoa, lea e le gata e fesoasoani inisinia foia faafitauli EMI / EMC, ae fesoasoani foi inisinia debug le PCB ma faaleleia atili le lelei o le mamanu o le PCB. E faʻapea foʻi, e tele faʻaoga a le EMSCAN, e pei o le fesoasoani i inisinia e foia faʻafitauli faʻaletonu eletise ma isi.