Qalabka dhaqameed ee wax lagu saxo PCB waxaa ka mid ah: Time domain oscilloscope, TDR (time domain reflectometry) oscilloscope, falanqeeye macquul ah, iyo inta jeer ee domain spectrum analyzer iyo qalab kale, laakiin hababkani ma siin karaan milicsiga xogta guud ee guddiga PCB. xogta. Guddiga PCB waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa looxa wareegyada daabacan, looxa wareegga daabacan, looxa wareegga daabacan ee gaaban, PCB (board printed printed board) ama PWB (gudaha fiilooyinka daabacan) ee gaaban, iyadoo la isticmaalayo guddiga dahaarka sida walxaha aasaasiga ah, gooyaa cabbir gaar ah, iyo ugu yaraan ku lifaaqan Habka korantada leh godadka (sida godadka qaybaha, godadka dhejiska, godad bir ah, iwm.) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu beddelo shasis ee qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee qalabkii hore iyo xaqiijinta isku xirka qaybaha elektiroonigga ah. Sababtoo ah looxaan waxaa lagu sameeyay daabacaad elektaroonig ah, waxaa loo yaqaannaa looxa wareegga “daabacan”. Sax maaha in loogu yeedho “board circuit printed” sida “wareeg daabacan” sababtoo ah ma jiraan “qaybaha daabacan” laakiin kaliya xadhiga sabuuradda wareegga daabacan.

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Nidaamka iswaafajinta Emscan ee korantada elektiroonigga ah wuxuu isticmaalaa tignoolajiyada anteenada soo diyaarisay ee patented iyo tignoolajiyada beddelka elektaroonigga ah, taasoo cabbiri karta hadda PCB-ga xawaare sare. Furaha Emscan waa isticmaalka anteenada diyaarinta patented si loo cabbiro shucaaca goobta u dhow ee PCB-ga shaqeeya ee lagu dhejiyay iskaanka. Qalabkan anteenada ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay 40 x 32 (1280) yar oo H-goob ah, kuwaas oo ku dhex jira guddi wareeg ah oo 8-lakab ah, iyo lakab ilaalin ah ayaa lagu daraa guddiga wareegga si PCB-ga loo geliyo tijaabada. Natiijooyinka iskaanka spectrum waxay ina siin karaan faham adag oo ku saabsan spectrum ay dhaliso EUT: inta qaybood ee soo noqnoqda ee jira, iyo qiyaasta qiyaasta qayb kasta oo joogto ah.

Sawirka band buuxa

Naqshadeynta guddiga PCB waxay ku saleysan tahay jaantuska jaantuska wareegga si loo xaqiijiyo shaqooyinka uu u baahan yahay naqshadeeyaha wareegga. Naqshadeynta guddiga wareegga daabacan ayaa inta badan loola jeedaa naqshadeynta naqshadeynta, taas oo u baahan in la tixgeliyo arrimo kala duwan sida qaabka isku xirka dibadda, qaabka la hagaajiyay ee qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee gudaha, qaabka la hagaajiyay ee isku xirka birta iyo iyada oo loo marayo godadka, ilaalinta elektromagnetic, iyo kulaylka kala baxa. Naqshadeynta qaabeynta aadka u fiican waxay badbaadin kartaa kharashka wax soo saarka waxayna gaari kartaa waxqabadka wareegga wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka kuleylka kuleylka. Naqshadeynta qaabeynta fudud waxaa lagu xaqiijin karaa gacanta, halka naqshadeynta qaabeynta adag loo baahan yahay in la xaqiijiyo iyadoo la kaashanayo naqshadeynta kombuyuutarka.

Marka aad samaynayso shaqada spectrum/spatial scanning, saar PCB-ga shaqaynaysa iskaanka. PCB-gu wuxuu u qaybsan yahay 7.6mm × 7.6mm xabagyada iskaanka (Shabakad kastaa waxay ka kooban tahay baadhitaan H-goob ah), oo fuliya Ka dib marka la iskaan-ku-timaado xadiga soo noqnoqda ee baadhitaan kasta (kala duwanaanta soo noqnoqda waxay noqon kartaa 10kHz-3GHz) , Emscan ugu dambeyntii wuxuu bixiyaa laba sawir, kuwaas oo kala ah spectrogram-ka la sameeyay (Jaantuska 1) iyo khariidadda bannaan ee la farsameeyey (Jaantuska 2).

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Baadhitaanka Spectrum/Spatial wuxuu helayaa dhammaan xogta spectrum ee baadhitaan kasta ee aagga iskaanka oo dhan. Kadib samaynta skaanka spectrum/spatial, waxaad heli kartaa macluumaadka shucaaca korantada ee dhammaan taxanayaasha dhammaan goobaha bannaanka. Waxaad qiyaasi kartaa xogta spectrum/spatial scan ee Jaantuska 1 iyo Jaantuska 2 sida farabadan xogta iskaanka meelaha ama farabadan spectrum Scan xogta. waxaad awoodaa:

1. Fiiri khariidadda qaybinta boosaska barta soo noqnoqda ee la cayimay (hal ama in ka badan) sida daawashada natiijada iskaanka, sida ku cad sawirka 3.

2. Fiiri spectrogram-ka barta goobta la cayimay (hal ama in ka badan) sida daawashada natiijada sawirka spectrum.

Jaantusyada qaybinta boosaska ee kala duwan ee Jaantuska 3 waa jaantusyada caloosha ee meelaha soo noqnoqda ee lagu eego dhibcaha soo noqnoqda ee loo qoondeeyay. Waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo la cayimayo barta soo noqnoqda ee × ee spectrogram-ka ugu sarreeya shaxanka. Waxaad cayimi kartaa barta soo noqnoqda si aad u aragto qaybinta boosaska ee dhibic kasta oo soo noqnoqota, ama waxaad cayimi kartaa dhibco badan oo soo noqnoqda, tusaale ahaan, cadee dhammaan dhibcaha iswaafajinta ee 83M si aad u aragto wadarta spectrogram.

spectrogram-ka sawirka 4, qaybta cawl waa wadarta spectrogram-ka, iyo qaybta buluuga ah waa spectrogram-ka booska la cayimay. Marka la qeexo goobta jireed ee PCB-ga ×, marka la barbardhigo spectrogram (buluug) iyo wadarta spectrogram (cawlan) ee laga soo saaray booskaas, meesha isha faragelinta ayaa la helayaa. Waxaa laga arki karaa Jaantuska 4 in habkani uu si dhakhso ah u heli karo meesha ay ka imanayso faragelinta labadaba faragelinta ballaadhan iyo faragelinta cidhiidhiga ah.

Si dhakhso leh u hel isha faragelinta korantada

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Falanqeeyaha spectrum waa qalab lagu daraaseeyo qaabdhismeedka spectrum ee calaamadaha korantada. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro qallooca isha, habaynta, nadiifnimada muuqaalka, xasilloonida soo noqnoqda, iyo qallooca isdhexgalka. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu cabbiro hababka wareegga qaarkood sida amplifiers iyo filtarrada. Parameter waa qalab wax lagu cabbiro oo elektaroonik ah oo ujeedo badan leh. Waxa kale oo lagu magacaabi karaa oscilloscope-ka soo noqnoqda, oscilloscope-ka daba-galka, oscilloscope-ka falanqaynta, falanqeeyaha is-waafajinta, falanqeeyaha dabeecadda soo noqnoqda ama falanqeeye Fourier. Falanqeeyayaasha casriga casriga ah waxay soo bandhigi karaan natiijooyinka falanqaynta siyaalo analoog ah ama dhijitaal ah, waxayna ku falanqeyn karaan calaamadaha korantada ee dhammaan xadhkaha soo noqnoqda raadiyaha laga bilaabo soo noqnoqoshada aad u hooseeya ilaa xadhkaha hirarka millimitir hoosaadka ee ka hooseeya 1 Hz.

Isticmaalka falanqeeye spectrum iyo baaritaan goob meel u dhow ayaa sidoo kale heli kara “ilo faragelin”. Halkan waxaan u isticmaalnaa habka “dabka daminta” tusaale ahaan. Imtixaanka goobta fog (imtixaanka caadiga ah ee EMC) waxa la barbar dhigi karaa “dabka ogaanshaha”. Haddii barta soo noqnoqda ay ka badato qiimaha xadka, waxa loo tixgalinayaa sidii “dab ayaa la helay.” Xalka caadiga ah ee “falanqeeyaha spectrum + hal baaritaan” ayaa guud ahaan isticmaala injineerada EMI si ay u ogaadaan “qeybtee ka mid ah chassiska ololku ka soo baxayo”. Kadib ololka la ogaado, habka guud ee xakamaynta EMI waa in la isticmaalo gaashaanka iyo shaandhaynta. “Hol” ayaa ku daboolan gudaha alaabta. Emscan wuxuu noo ogolaanayaa inaan ogaano isha isha faragelinta-“dabka”, laakiin sidoo kale inaan aragno “dabka”, taas oo ah, habka isha faragelinta u faafo.

Waxaa si cad loo arki karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo “macluumaad koronto oo dhameystiran”, waa mid aad u habboon in la helo ilaha faragelinta korantada, kaliya ma xallin karto dhibaatada faragelinta korantada ee cidhiidhiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxtar u leh faragelinta korantada ee ballaadhan.

Habka guud waa sida soo socota:

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

(1) Hubi qaybinta mawjadda aasaasiga ah, oo hel booska jireed ee baaxadda ugu weyn ee khariidadda qaybinta goobeed ee hirarka aasaasiga ah. Faragelinta ballaaran, sheeg inta jeer ee dhexda faragelinta ballaaran (tusaale, faragelinta 60MHz-80MHz, waxaan ku qeexi karnaa 70MHz), hubi qaybinta boosaska barta soo noqnoqda, oo hel goobta jireed ee leh baaxadda ugu weyn.

(2) Specify the location and look at the spectrogram of the location. Check whether the amplitude of each harmonic point at this position coincides with the total spectrogram. If they overlap, it means that the designated location is the strongest place that produces these interferences. For broadband interference, check whether the location is the maximum location of the entire broadband interference.

(3) Xaalado badan, ma wada wada-tashiyada oo dhan laga soo saaro hal meel. Mararka qaarkood xitaa harmonics iyo harmonics aan caadi ahayn ayaa laga soo saaraa meelo kala duwan, ama qayb kasta oo is-waafajin ah ayaa laga yaabaa in laga soo saaro meelo kala duwan. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaad ka heli kartaa goobta shucaaca ugu xoogga badan adoo eegaya qaybinta booska ee dhibcaha soo noqnoqda ee aad daryeesho.

(4) Tallaabooyin laga qaado meelaha shucaaca ugu xooggani ka jiro ayaa shaki la’aan ah xalka ugu waxtarka badan ee dhibaatooyinka EMI/EMC.

Noocan ah habka baaritaanka EMI oo si dhab ah u raadin kara “isha” iyo dariiqa faafinta ayaa u oggolaanaya injineerada inay baabi’iyaan dhibaatooyinka EMI ee ugu hooseeya iyo xawaaraha ugu dhaqsaha badan. Xaaladda cabbirka dhabta ah ee aaladda isgaarsiinta, faragelin shucaac ah ayaa ka soo ifbaxday fiilada khadka taleefanka. Kadib adeegsiga EMSCAN si loo fuliyo dabagalka iyo iskaanka aan kor ku soo sheegnay, dhawr capacitors filtarrada kale ayaa ugu dambeyntii lagu rakibay sabuuradda processor-ka, taasoo xallisay dhibkii EMI ee uu injineerku xalin kari waayay.

Quickly locate the circuit fault location

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Kordhinta kakanaanta PCB-ga, dhibka iyo culayska shaqada ee wax-ka-hortagga ayaa sidoo kale sii kordhaya. Marka la isticmaalayo oscilloscope ama falanqeeyaha macquulka ah, kaliya hal ama tiro xadidan ee xadadka calaamadaha ayaa lagu arki karaa isku mar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa laga yaabaa inay jiraan kumanaan xadhkaha calaamadaha PCB-ga. Injineerada waxay dhibaatada ku heli karaan khibrad ama nasiib. Dhibaatada.

Haddii aan haysano “macluumaad elektromagnetic oo dhameystiran” guddiga caadiga ah iyo guddiga cilladaysan, waxaan is barbardhigi karnaa xogta labada si aan u helno soo noqnoqoshada aan caadiga ahayn, ka dibna isticmaal “teknooloojiyada isha faragelinta” si aan u ogaano goobta spectrum inta jeer ee aan caadi ahayn. Soo hel goobta iyo sababta fashilka.

Jaantuska 5 wuxuu muujinayaa inta jeer ee looxa caadiga ah iyo looxa khaldan. Marka la barbardhigo, way fududahay in la ogaado inay jirto faragelin ballaadhan oo aan caadi ahayn oo ku taal sabuuradda cilladaysan.

Ka dib raadi meesha ay ku taal khariidadda qaybinta boosaska ee looxa cilladaysan, meesha ay ku taal “spectrum-ka aan caadiga ahayn” dhibaatadu waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u daran. Cilad-sheegiddu dhawaan ayaa la samayn doonaa.

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Kiisaska codsiga ee qiimaynta tayada naqshadaynta PCB

A good PCB needs to be carefully designed by an engineer. The issues that need to be considered include:

(1) Naqshadaynta cascading macquul ah

Gaar ahaan habaynta diyaaradda dhulka iyo diyaaradda korontada, iyo naqshadaynta lakabka halkaasoo ay ku yaalliin xadhkaha dareenka xasaasiga ah iyo xadhkaha ishaarada ee dhaliya shucaaca badan. Waxa kale oo jira kala qaybinta diyaaradda dhulka iyo dayuuradda korontada, iyo habaynta xadhkaha ishaarada ee aagga loo qaybiyey.

(2) Ka dhig xannibaadda xariiqda signalka sida joogtada ah ee suurtogalka ah

Inta ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah; sida ugu yar ee raad-xagalka saxda ah ee suurtogalka ah; iyo sida ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah ee aagga soo noqoshada, waxay soo saari kartaa is-waafajin yar iyo hoos u dhigida xoojinta shucaaca.

(3) Filter awood wanaagsan

Nooca capacitor filtarrada macquulka ah, qiimaha awoodda, tirada, iyo booska meelaynta, iyo sidoo kale habayn macquul ah oo lakabyo ah oo diyaarad dhulka ah iyo diyaarad koronto, waxay xaqiijin kartaa in faragelinta elektromagnetic lagu xakameeyo aagga ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah.

(4) Isku day inaad hubiso daacadnimada diyaaradda dhulka

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Inta ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah; macquul ah iyada oo loo marayo kala dheeraynta badbaadada; qaabka qalabka macquulka ah; macquul ah iyada oo loo marayo habayn si loo hubiyo daacadnimada diyaaradda dhulka ilaa xadka ugu weyn. Taas beddelkeeda, vias cufan oo aad u weyn iyada oo loo marayo kala dheereynta badbaadada, ama qaabeynta aaladda aan macquul ahayn, waxay si dhab ah u saameyn doontaa daacadnimada diyaaradda dhulka iyo diyaaradda korontada, taasoo keentay qadar badan oo isdhaafsi ah oo isdhaafsi ah, shucaac qaab caadi ah, waxayna sababi doontaa wareegga More u nugul faragelinta dibadda.

(5) Soo hel is-afgarad u dhexeeya daacadnimada calaamadda iyo waafaqsanaanta korantada

Marka la eego dhismaha hubinta shaqada caadiga ah ee qalabka, kordhinta kor u kaca iyo hoos u dhaca wakhtiga calaamadda sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah si loo yareeyo baaxadda iyo tirada harmonics ee shucaaca korantada ee ay dhaliso calaamaduhu. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad doorato iska caabin ku habboon qoyaanka, habka shaandhaynta ku habboon, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Waagii hore, adeegsiga macluumaadka goobta elektromagnetic-ka oo dhammaystiran ee ay soo saartay PCB-gu waxay si cilmiyeysan u qiimeyn kartaa tayada naqshadda PCB-ga. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB-ga oo dhameystiran, tayada naqshadeynta PCB waxaa lagu qiimeyn karaa afartan dhinac ee soo socda: 1. Tirada dhibcaha soo noqnoqda: tirada harmonics. 2. Faragelinta ku meel gaadhka ah: faragelinta korantada ee aan degganayn. 3. xoojinta shucaaca: baaxadda faragelinta korantada ee barta inta jeer ee kasta. 4. Goobta qaybinta: cabbirka aagga qaybinta faragelinta elektromagnetic ee barta inta jeer ee PCB-ga.

Tusaalaha soo socda, guddiga A waa hagaajinta guddiga B. Jaantusyada jaantuska ee labada loox iyo qaabka qaybaha ugu muhiimsan waa isku mid. Natiijooyinka sawirka spectrum/spatial scanning ee labada loox waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka 7:

Marka la eego spectrogram-ka Jaantuska 7, waxa laga arki karaa in tayada boodhka A ay si cad uga fiican tahay ta looxa B, sababtoo ah:

1. Tirada dhibcooyinka soo noqnoqda ee guddida A ayaa iska cad in ay ka yar tahay ta looxa B;

2. Baaxadda dhibcaha inta badan ee looxa A way ka yar tahay ta looxa B;

3. Faragelinta ku meel gaadhka ah (dhibcaha soo noqnoqda ee aan la calaamadayn) ee looxa A way ka yar tahay ta looxa B.

Sida loo helo oo loo isticmaalo macluumaadka korantada ee PCB

Waxaa laga arki karaa jaantuska booska in wadarta guud ee faragelinta korantada ee saxanka A uu aad uga yar yahay kan saxanka B. Aynu eegno qaybinta faragelinta elektromagnetic-ka ee barta soo noqnoqda. Marka la eego qaybinta faragelinta korantada ee 462MHz barta soo noqnoqda ee lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 8, baaxadda saxanka A waa yar yahay aagguna waa yar yahay. Boodhka B waxa uu leeyahay baaxad weyn iyo qayb gaar ah oo ballaadhan.

Maqaalkaan oo kooban

Macluumaadka korantada oo dhammaystiran ee PCB-ga waxa ay noo ogolanaysaa in aan fahan buuxa ka yeelanno guud ahaan PCB-ga, taas oo aan ka caawinayn injineerada in ay xalliyaan mashaakilaadka EMI/EMC, laakiin sidoo kale waxa ay ka caawisaa injineerada in ay khaladiyaan PCB-ga oo ay si joogto ah u wanaajiyaan tayada naqshadaynta PCB-ga. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira codsiyo badan oo EMSCAN ah, sida caawinta injineerada xallinta arrimaha nuglaanshaha korantada iyo wixii la mid ah.