Zvishandiso zvechinyakare zvekugadzirisa PCB zvinosanganisira: time domain oscilloscope, TDR (time domain reflectometry) oscilloscope, logic analyzer, uye frequency domain spectrum analyzer nemimwe michina, asi nzira idzi hadzigoni kupa mufananidzo wehuwandu hwemashoko ePCB board. data. PCB bhodhi inonzi zvakare rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi, rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi kwenguva pfupi, PCB (yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi) kana PWB (yakadhindwa wiring board) kwenguva pfupi, uchishandisa insulating board sechinhu hwaro, kucheka mune imwe saizi, uye kanenge kakasungirirwa A conductive pateni ine maburi (akadai semakomba echikamu, makomba ekusunga, maburi ane metallized, nezvimwewo) inoshandiswa kutsiva chassis yezvikamu zvemagetsi zvechishandiso chakapfuura uye kuona kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvemagetsi. Nemhaka yokuti bhodhi iri rinogadzirwa uchishandisa kudhinda kwemagetsi, inonzi “yakadhindwa” bhodhi redunhu. Hazvina kururama kudaidza “printed circuit board” se “printed circuit” nokuti hapana “zvakadhindwa zvikamu” asi kungove newaya pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa.

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

Iyo Emscan electromagnetic kuenderana scanning system inoshandisa patented array antenna tekinoroji uye yemagetsi switching tekinoroji, inogona kuyera ikozvino yePCB nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Kiyi yeEmscan ndeye kushandiswa kweiyo patent array antenna kuyera iri pedyo-munda mwaranzi yePCB inoshanda yakaiswa pane scanner. Iyi antenna array ine 40 x 32 (1280) diki H-field probes, iyo yakanyudzwa mu8-layer redunhu bhodhi, uye inodzivirira layer inowedzerwa kubhodhi redunhu kuisa PCB pasi pekuyedzwa. Mhedzisiro yekutarisa kwe spectrum inogona kutipa kunzwisisa kwakakasharara kweiyo spectrum inogadzirwa neEUT: mangani ma frequency ezvikamu aripo, uye chiyero chehukuru hwechimwe nechimwe chikamu chefrequency.

Full band scan

Dhizaini yePCB board yakavakirwa padunhu schematic dhizaini kuti uone mabasa anodiwa nemugadziri wedunhu. Dhizaini yebhodhi rakadhindwa redunhu rinonyanya kureva dhizaini yedhizaini, iyo inoda kutarisisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge marongero ezvekunze zvinongedzo, marongero akakwenenzverwa emukati memagetsi emukati, marongero akakwenenzverwa ekubatanidza simbi uye kuburikidza nemakomba, electromagnetic dziviriro, uye. kupisa kupisa. Yakanakisa dhizaini dhizaini inogona kuchengetedza mutengo wekugadzira uye kuwana yakanaka yedunhu kuita uye kupisa kupisa kuita. Dhizaini yakapfava inogona kuitika nemaoko, nepo dhizaini yakaoma yedhizaini inoda kuzadzikiswa nerubatsiro rwekombuta-inobatsira dhizaini.

Paunenge uchiita spectrum/spatial scanning function, isa PCB inoshanda pane scanner. Iyo PCB yakakamurwa kuita 7.6mm × 7.6mm grids neiyo grid ye scanner (giredhi yega yega ine H-munda probe), uye ita Mushure mekutarisa yakazara frequency bhendi yeprobe yega yega (iyo frequency renji inogona kubva ku10kHz-3GHz) , Emscan pakupedzisira inopa mapikicha maviri, anoti synthesized spectrogram (Mufananidzo 1) uye mepu yenzvimbo yakagadzirwa (Mufananidzo 2).

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

Spectrum/spatial scanning inowana ese spectrum data yeprobe yega yega munzvimbo yese yekuongorora. Mushure mekuita spectrum / spatial scan, unogona kuwana iyo electromagnetic radiation ruzivo rwese ma frequency munzvimbo dzese dzepasi. Unogona kufungidzira spectrum/spatial scan data iri muFigure 1 neFigure 2 seboka re data scaning kana boka re spectrum Scan iyo data. unogona:

1. Wona mepu yenzvimbo yekugovera yenzvimbo yakatsanangurwa (imwe kana kupfuura frequencies) sekuona mhedzisiro ye spatial scanning, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 3.

2. Ona spectrogram yenzvimbo yakataurwa yenzvimbo (gidhi rimwe kana kupfuura) sekuona mhedzisiro ye spectrum scan.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugovera dhayagiramu muFig. 3 ndiyo dhayagiramu yedumbu yepasi yemafrequency point inotaridzirwa kuburikidza neakatemerwa frequency point. Inowanikwa nekutsanangura frequency point ne × mune yepamusoro spectrogram mumufananidzo. Iwe unogona kudoma frequency point kuti utarise kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kweyega yega frequency point, kana iwe unogona kutsanangura akawanda frequency point, semuenzaniso, tsanangura ese maharonic mapoinzi e83M kuti uone iyo yakazara spectrogram.

Mune spectrogram muMufananidzo 4, grey chikamu ndiyo yakazara spectrogram, uye chikamu chebhuruu ndiyo spectrogram panzvimbo yakatarwa. Nekutsanangura nzvimbo yemuviri paPCB ne ×, kuenzanisa iyo spectrogram (yebhuruu) uye yakazara spectrogram (grey) inogadzirwa panzvimbo iyoyo, nzvimbo yekukanganisa sosi inowanikwa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 4 kuti nzira iyi inogona kukurumidza kuwana nzvimbo yekuvhiringidza kunobva kune zvose kupindira kwebroadband uye narrowband kupindira.

Kurumidza tsvaga kwainobva electromagnetic kukanganiswa

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

A spectrum analyzer chiridzwa chekudzidza chimiro che spectrum yemasaini emagetsi. Inoshandiswa kuyera kukanganiswa kwechiratidzo, modulation, spectral kuchena, frequency kugadzikana, uye intermodulation kukanganisa. Inogona kushandiswa kuyera mamwe masisitimu edunhu senge amplifiers uye mafirita. Parameter chinhu chakawanda-chinangwa chekuyeresa chemagetsi chiridzwa. Inogona zvakare kunzi frequency domain oscilloscope, tracking oscilloscope, ongororo oscilloscope, harmonic analyzer, frequency maitiro analyzer kana Fourier analyzer. Mazuva ano ma spectrum analyzer anogona kuratidza mhedzisiro yeanalog kana yedhijitari, uye anogona kuongorora masaini emagetsi mumabhendi ese eredhiyo kubva kuzasi kwakadzika kusvika kune sub-millimeter wave mabhendi ari pasi pe1 Hz.

Kushandisa spectrum analyzer uye imwe yepedyo-munda probe inogonawo kutsvaga “kukanganisa masosi”. Pano tinoshandisa nzira ye “kudzima moto” sedimikira. Iyo yekure-munda bvunzo (EMC yakajairwa bvunzo) inogona kufananidzwa ne “kuona moto”. Kana frequency point ikadarika kukosha kwemuganho, inoonekwa se “moto wawanikwa.” Iyo yechinyakare “spectrum analyzer + single probe” mhinduro inowanzo shandiswa nevainjiniya veEMI kuona “kubva kune chikamu chechasi iyo murazvo uri kubuda”. Mushure mekunge murazvo waonekwa, iyo yakajairwa EMI yekudzvinyirira nzira ndeye kushandisa kudzivirira uye kusefa. “Murazvo” wakafukidzwa mukati mechigadzirwa. Emscan inotibvumira kuona kunobva kupindira kwekupindira-“moto”, asiwo kuona “moto”, ndiko kuti, nzira iyo inopindira inopararira.

Zvinogona kuoneka zvakajeka kuti kushandisa “ruzivo rwakakwana rwemagetsi”, zviri nyore kwazvo kutsvaga magetsi ekukanganisa masosi, kwete chete anogona kugadzirisa dambudziko renarrowband electromagnetic kukanganiswa, asiwo inoshanda kune Broadband electromagnetic interference.

Iyo yakajairika nzira iri seinotevera:

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

(1) Tarisa kugovera kwenzvimbo kweiyo yakakosha wave, uye tsvaga nzvimbo yemuviri ine yakakura amplitude pamepu yekugovera nzvimbo yeiyo yakakosha wave. Nekukanganisa kwebroadband, tsanangura frequency pakati pekuvhiringidza kwebroadband (semuenzaniso, kupindira kwe60MHz-80MHz Broadband, tinogona kutsanangura 70MHz), tarisa kugoverwa kwenzvimbo yefrequency point, uye tsvaga nzvimbo yemuviri ine yakakura amplitude.

(2) Taura nzvimbo uye tarisa spectrogram yenzvimbo. Tarisa uone kana iyo amplitude yeimwe neimwe harmonic point panzvimbo ino inopindirana neiyo yakazara spectrogram. Kana vakapindirana, zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yakatarwa ndiyo nzvimbo yakasimba inoburitsa izvi zvinokanganisa. Nekukanganisa kwebroadband, tarisa kuti nzvimbo yacho ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro yekukanganisa kwese kwebroadband.

(3) Muzviitiko zvakawanda, haasi ese maharmonics anogadzirwa panzvimbo imwe. Dzimwe nguva kunyange maharmonics uye zvisinganzwisisike maharmonics anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kana chimwe nechimwe chikamu cheharmonic chinogona kugadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unogona kuwana nzvimbo ine mwaranzi yakasimba nekutarisa kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kwema frequency point iwe waunotarisira.

(4) Kutora matanho munzvimbo dzine mwaranzi yakasimba pasina mubvunzo ndiyo mhinduro inoshanda kune EMI/EMC matambudziko.

Iyi mhando yeEMI yekuferefeta nzira iyo inogona kunyatso tsvaga iyo “sosi” uye yekuparadzira nzira inobvumira mainjiniya kubvisa matambudziko eEMI nemutengo wakaderera uye nekukurumidza. Muchiitiko chekuyera chaicho chemudziyo wekutaurirana, kukanganiswa kwemwaranzi kunopenya kubva kutambo yetambo yefoni. Mushure mekushandisa EMSCAN kuita izvo zvataurwa pamusoro uye kuongorora, mamwe mashoma mafirita capacitor akazoiswa pa processor board, iyo yakagadzirisa dambudziko reEMI iro injiniya aisakwanisa kugadzirisa.

Kurumidza kutsvaga nzvimbo yekukanganisa kwedunhu

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

Nekuwedzera kwePCB kuomarara, kuoma uye basa rekugadzirisa dambudziko riri kuwedzera zvakare. Ne oscilloscope kana logic analyzer, imwe chete kana nhamba shoma yemitsara yechiratidzo inogona kuonekwa panguva imwe chete. Nekudaro, panogona kunge paine zviuru zvemitsara yemasaini paPCB. Mainjiniya vanogona chete kuwana dambudziko neruzivo kana rombo rakanaka. Dambudziko.

Kana isu tiine “izere ruzivo rwemagetsi emagetsi” ebhodhi rakajairwa uye bhodhi rakashata, tinogona kuenzanisa iyo data yevaviri kuti tiwane abnormal frequency spectrum, tobva tashandisa “interference source location technology” kuti tizive nzvimbo abnormal frequency spectrum. Tsvaga nzvimbo uye chikonzero chekukundikana.

Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza frequency spectrum yeyakajairika bhodhi uye yakashata bhodhi. Kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, zviri nyore kuwana kuti pane kukanganiswa kwebroadband kusingaite pabhodhi rine mhosva.

Zvadaro tsvaga nzvimbo iyo iyi “abnormal frequency spectrum” inogadzirwa pamepu yekugovera nzvimbo yebhodhi rakashata, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6. Nenzira iyi, nzvimbo yekukanganisa inowanikwa pane grid (7.6mm × 7.6mm), uye dambudziko rinogona kunge rakanyanya. Kuongororwa kuchaitwa munguva pfupi.

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

Makesi ekushandisa ekuongorora PCB dhizaini mhando

A good PCB needs to be carefully designed by an engineer. The issues that need to be considered include:

(1) Inonzwisisika cascading dhizaini

Kunyanya kurongeka kwendege yepasi uye ndege yemagetsi, uye dhizaini yedandemutande apo mitsara inonzwisisika yechiratidzo uye mitsetse yechiratidzo inoburitsa yakawanda yemwaranzi iripo. Kune zvakare kupatsanurwa kwendege yepasi uye ndege yemagetsi, uye nzira yemitsara yemasaini munzvimbo yakakamurwa.

(2) Chengetedza mutsara wechiratidzo impedance sekuenderera sezvinobvira

Sezvo vashoma vias sezvinobvira; semaronda mashoma ekona-kurudyi sezvinobvira; uye diki sezvinobvira ikozvino kudzoka nzvimbo, inogona kuburitsa mashoma harmonics uye yakaderera mwaranzi kusimba.

(3) Sefa yakanaka yesimba

Inonzwisisika sefa capacitor mhando, capacitance kukosha, huwandu, uye nzvimbo yekuisa, pamwe neinonzwisisika yakaturikidzana kurongeka kwendege yepasi uye ndege yemagetsi, inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kunodzorwa munzvimbo diki inogoneka.

(4) Edza kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwendege yepasi

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

Sezvo vashoma vias sezvinobvira; zvinonzwisisika kuburikidza nekuchengetedza nzvimbo; inonzwisisika mudziyo dhizaini; zvinonzwisisika kuburikidza negadziriro yekuvimbisa kuvimbika kwendege yepasi kusvika pamwero mukuru. Kusiyana neizvi, dense vias uye yakakura kwazvo kuburikidza nekuchengetedza nzvimbo, kana isina musoro dhizaini dhizaini, ichakanganisa zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwendege yepasi uye ndege yemagetsi, zvichikonzera kuwanda kweinductive crosstalk, yakajairika mode radiation, uye ichakonzera dunhu. inonzwisisa kupindira kwekunze.

(5) Tsvaga kuwirirana pakati pechiratidzo chekuvimbika uye kuenderana kwemagetsi

Pachimiro chekuona basa rakajairwa remidziyo, wedzera kusimuka uye kudonha kumucheto nguva yechiratidzo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza amplitude uye nhamba yeharmonics yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa nechiratidzo. Semuenzaniso, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza yakakodzera damping resistor, yakakodzera kusefa nzira, zvichingodaro.

Munguva yakapfuura, kushandiswa kweiyo yakazara electromagnetic field ruzivo inogadzirwa nePCB inogona kuongorora nesainzi kunaka kwePCB dhizaini. Uchishandisa ruzivo rwakakwana rwemagetsi ePCB, dhizaini yemhando yePCB inogona kuongororwa kubva kune zvinotevera zvinhu zvina: 1. Huwandu hwema frequency point: nhamba yeharmonics. 2. Kupindira kwenguva pfupi: kusagadzikana kwemagetsi emagetsi. 3. Radiation intensity: ukuru hwekukanganisa kwemagetsi pane imwe neimwe frequency point. 4. Nzvimbo yekugovera: saizi yenzvimbo yekugovera yekukanganisa kwemagetsi pane imwe neimwe frequency point paPCB.

Mumuenzaniso unotevera, iyo A bhodhi kuvandudzwa kweB bhodhi. Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvemapuranga maviri uye marongerwo ezvikamu zvikuru zvakangofanana. Mhedzisiro ye spectrum/spatial scanning yemabhodhi maviri inoratidzwa muFigure 7:

Kubva pane iyo spectrogram iri muMufananidzo 7, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mhando yebhodhi A iri pachena iri nani pane iyo yebhodhi B, nekuti:

1. Nhamba yefrequency points yeA board zviri pachena kuti ishoma pane yeB board;

2. Iyo amplitude yeakawanda frequency point yeA board idiki pane iyo yeB board;

3. Kupindira kwechinguvana (frequency points dzisina kunyorwa) yeA board ishoma pane yeB board.

Maitiro ekuwana uye kushandisa PCB electromagnetic ruzivo

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva padhiyagiramu yemuchadenga kuti iyo yakazara electromagnetic kupindira yekugovera nzvimbo yeA ndiro idiki pane iyo yeB plate. Ngatitarisei kugovera kwe electromagnetic interference pane imwe frequency point. Tichitarisa kubva pakukanganiswa kwemagetsi kugovera pa462MHz frequency point inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8, iyo amplitude yeA ndiro idiki uye nzvimbo idiki. Bhodhi reB rine hukuru hwakakura uye inonyanya kugovera nzvimbo.

Pfupiso yechinyorwa chino

Ruzivo rwakazara rwemagetsi ePCB runotitendera kuti tive nekunzwisisa kwakanyanya kwePCB yese, iyo isingangobatsiri mainjiniya kugadzirisa matambudziko eEMI/EMC, asi inobatsira mainjiniya kugadzirisa PCB nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kunaka kwePCB. Saizvozvo, kune akawanda maapplication eEMSCAN, sekubatsira mainjiniya kugadzirisa nyaya dzemagetsi uye zvichingodaro.