The PCB anapangidwa ndi Austrian Paul Eisler, yemwe adayambitsa makanema osindikiza m’ma 1936. Mu 1943, Technology idavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito yankhondo ku United States, ndipo mu 1948, zopangidwazo zinavomerezedwa mwalamulo kuti zigulitsidwe ku United States. Kuyambira chapakatikati pa zaka za m’ma 1950, matumba osindikizidwa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

PCB imapezeka paliponse, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamauthenga, zamankhwala, kuwongolera mafakitale, magalimoto, asitikali, ndege, malo ogulitsira, ogula ndi mafakitale ena. Mu mitundu yonse yazinthu zamagetsi, PCB, monga gawo lalikulu lazinthu zamagetsi, imagwira gawo lofunikira.

Chifukwa chiyani PCBS ili yobiriwira?

Ngati muli osamala, mutha kupeza kuti ma PCBS ambiri ndi obiriwira (wakuda, wabuluu, ofiira ndi mitundu ina ndi ochepa), bwanji zili choncho? Kwenikweni, bolodi loyenda palokha ndi lofiirira. Mtundu wobiriwira womwe timawona ndi chigoba cha solder. Solder kukana wosanjikiza sikuti ndi wobiriwira, pali ofiira, achikasu, amtambo, ofiirira, akuda ndi zina zotero, koma wobiriwira ndiwo wofala kwambiri.

Pomwe mungagwiritse ntchito wosanjikiza wobiriwira, pali izi:

1) Chobiriwira sichikondweretsa maso. Kuyambira ali mwana, aphunzitsi adatiuza kuti zobiriwira ndizabwino m’maso, kuteteza maso ndikulimbana ndi kutopa. Ogwira ntchito yopanga ndi kukonza sikophweka kutopa kwa diso mukamayang’ana pa bolodi la PCB kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe sizipweteka pang’ono.

2) Mtengo wotsika. Chifukwa popanga, zobiriwira ndizodziwika bwino, kuchuluka kwa utoto wobiriwira kudzakhala kokulirapo, mtengo wogula utoto wobiriwira udzakhala wotsika kuposa mitundu ina. Nthawi imodzimodzi pamene kupanga misa pogwiritsa ntchito utoto womwewo kumathandizanso kuchepetsa mtengo wama waya kusintha.

3) Bolodi likamalumikizidwa pa SMT, liyenera kudutsa pazitini ndi positi zidutswa ndikutsimikizira komaliza kwa AOI. Njirazi ziyenera kuwerengedwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu, ndipo chizindikiritso cha chida chimakhala chabwino ngati pali zobiriwira.

Kodi PCB yapangidwa bwanji?

Kupanga PCB, masanjidwe a PCB ayenera kupangidwa kaye kaye. Kupanga kwa PCB kuyenera kudalira zida zopangira mapulogalamu a EDA ndi mapulatifomu, monga Cadence Allegro, Mentor EE, Mentor Pads, Altium Designer, Protel, etc. Pakadali pano, chifukwa chakuwonjezera kwa miniaturization, kulondola komanso kuthamanga kwa zinthu zamagetsi, kapangidwe ka PCB sikuti imangofunikira kumaliza kulumikizana kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuyenera kuganizira zovuta zingapo zomwe zimadza chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri.

Njira zoyambira kupanga kwa PCB ndi izi: kukonzekera koyambirira → kapangidwe ka PCB kapangidwe kake → kapangidwe ka PCB kapangidwe kake → mawonekedwe okhwima a PCB ndi kapangidwe kake kolumikizira → kukhathamiritsa kwa mawaya ndi kusanja kosindikiza → maukonde a DRC kuyang’anira ndi kuyang’anira kapangidwe ka bolodi la PCB.

Ndi mizere woyera pa PCB chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri timawona mizere yoyera pa PCBS. Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi chiyani? Mizere yoyera iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zigawo zikuluzikulu ndikusindikiza zofunikira pa PCB pa bolodi, lotchedwa “screen screen.” Itha kusindikizidwa pazenera pa bolodi kapena kusindikizidwa pa PCB pogwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira cha inkjet.

Ndi zigawo za PCB ndi chiyani?

Pali zinthu zambiri pa PCB, iliyonse yomwe imagwira ntchito yosiyana, yomwe imagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi PCB. Zigawo za PCB zimaphatikizapo ma resistor, potentiometers, capacitors, inductors, kulandirana, mabatire, mafyuzi, ma transformer, ma diode, transistors, LED, switch, ndi zina zambiri.

Kodi pali waya aliyense pa PCB?

Pongoyambira, PCBS sagwiritsa ntchito mawaya kuti alumikizane. Izi ndizosangalatsa chifukwa zida zambiri zamagetsi ndi ukadaulo zimafunikira mawaya kuti alumikizane. Mulibe mawaya mu PCB, koma zingwe zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera pano pachipangizochi ndikulumikiza zonse.