The PCB yasungulwa ngu-Austrian Paul Eisler, owaqala ukwethula amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe emisakazweni ngo-1936. Ngo-1943, iTechnology yamukelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi e-United States, kwathi ngo-1948, lokho kusungulwa kwavunywa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukuhweba e-United States. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1950, amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe asetshenziswa kabanzi.

I-PCB ikuyo yonke indawo, isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, ezokwelapha, ezokulawulwa kwezimboni, ezimoto, ezempi, ezokundiza, i-aerospace, umthengi nezinye izimboni. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo kagesi, i-PCB, njengengxenye eyinhloko yomkhiqizo wehadiwe, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.

Kungani i-PCBS iluhlaza?

Uma uqaphele, ungathola ukuthi ama-PCBS amaningi aluhlaza (omnyama, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu neminye imibala mincane), kungani kunjalo? Empeleni, ibhodi lesifunda uqobo linsundu. Umbala oluhlaza esiwubonayo yisifihla-buso se-solder. Isendlalelo sokumelana nesolder akusilo oluhlaza ngempela, kukhona okubomvu, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okunsomi, okumnyama njalonjalo, kepha okuluhlaza okuvame kakhulu.

Mayelana nokuthi kungani usebenzisa ungqimba we-green solder, kukhona okulandelayo ikakhulukazi:

I-1) Okuluhlaza akukhuthazi kangako emehlweni. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uthisha usitshele ukuthi okuluhlaza kuhle emehlweni, kuvikela amehlo futhi kulwe nokukhathala. Abasebenzi bezokukhiqiza nokulungisa akulula ukukhathala kweso lapho begqolozele ibhodi le-PCB isikhathi eside, okuzodala ukulimala kwamehlo okuncane.

2) Izindleko eziphansi. Ngoba kunqubo yokukhiqiza, okuluhlaza yikhona okuvamile, inani lokuthengwa kwepende eliluhlaza okwemvelo lizoba likhulu, izindleko zokuthenga upende oluhlaza zibe zincane kuneminye imibala. Ngasikhathi sinye lapho ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi usebenzisa upende wombala ofanayo nakho kunganciphisa izindleko zokushintsha kocingo.

3) Lapho ibhodi lifakwa ku-SMT, kufanele lidlule kuzicucu zethini neziposi kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokugcina kwe-AOI. Lezi zinqubo kufanele zilinganiswe ngokuma okubonakalayo, futhi umphumela wokuhlonza wensimbi ungcono uma kunengemuva eliluhlaza.

Iklanywa kanjani i-PCB?

Ukwenza i-PCB, ukwakheka kwe-PCB kufanele kuklanywe kuqala. Idizayini ye-PCB idinga ukuthembela kumathuluzi wesoftware we-EDA namapulatifomu, njengeCadence Allegro, Mentor EE, Mentor Pads, Altium Designer, Protel, njll. Njengamanje, ngenxa ye-miniaturization eqhubekayo, ukucacisa kanye nejubane eliphezulu lemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, ukwakheka kwe-PCB akudingi nje kuphela ukuqedela ukuxhumeka kwesekethe kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene, kepha futhi kudinga ukucabanga ngezinselelo ezahlukahlukene ezilethwe ngejubane elikhulu kanye nobukhulu obukhulu.

Inqubo eyisisekelo yokuklanywa kwe-PCB imi kanjena: ukulungiselela kokuqala

Yimiphi imigqa emhlophe ku-PCB?

Sivame ukubona imigqa emhlophe ku-PCBS. Wake wazibuza ukuthi ziyini? Le migqa emhlophe empeleni isetshenziselwa ukumaka izingxenye bese iphrinta imininingwane ebalulekile ye-PCB ebhodini, ebizwa ngokuthi “ukuphrinta kwesikrini.” Kungaphrintwa ngesikrini ebhodini noma kuphrintwe ku-PCB kusetshenziswa iphrinta ye-inkjet.

Yiziphi izingxenye ku-PCB?

Kunezinto eziningi ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-PCB, ngayinye inomsebenzi ohlukile, okuhlanganisa ndawonye umsebenzi jikelele we-PCB. Izingxenye ze-PCB zifaka ama-resistors, ama-potentiometers, ama-capacitors, ama-inductors, ama-relays, amabhethri, ama-fuses, ama-transformers, ama-diode, ama-transistors, i-LED, amaswishi, njll.

Zikhona yini izintambo ku-PCB?

Okokuqala, ama-PCBS awasebenzisi empeleni izintambo ukuxhuma. Lokhu kuyathakazelisa ngoba imishini eminingi kagesi nobuchwepheshe budinga izintambo ukuxhuma. Azikho izintambo ku-PCB, kepha i-wiring yethusi isetshenziselwa ukuqondisa manje kulo lonke ucingo nokuxhuma zonke izinto.