Kodi Multilayer PCB?

A multilayer PCB amatanthauzidwa ngati PCB yopangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu kapena zingapo zazithunzi zamkuwa. Amawoneka ngati zigawo zama board ammbali ziwiri, zokutidwa komanso zokutira palimodzi, ndimitundumitundu pakati pake. Kapangidwe kake konse kamakonzedwa kotero kuti zigawo ziwiri ziyikidwe kumtunda kwa PCB kuti igwirizane ndi chilengedwe. Kulumikizana konse kwamagetsi pakati pazigawo kumapangidwa kudzera m’mabowo monga ma electroplated kudzera m’mabowo, mabowo akhungu ndi mabowo oyikiridwa. Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma PCBS ovuta kwambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chiyani ma PCBS angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Multilayer PCBS idayamba kutsatira kusintha kosintha kwamakampani azamagetsi. Popita nthawi, ntchito zamagetsi zakula kwambiri, zomwe zimafunikira ma PCBS ovuta. Tsoka ilo, PCBS ili ndi malire ndi zinthu monga phokoso, kusokera, ndi crosstalk, chifukwa chake zovuta zina pakupanga ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Zomwe adapangazi zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza magwiridwe antchito kuchokera ku PCBS yokhala mbali imodzi kapena mbali ziwiri – chifukwa chake kubadwa kwa ma PCBS angapo.

Kuphatikiza mphamvu ya ma PCBS osanjikiza mu mtundu uwu ndi gawo lochepa chabe la kukula, ndipo ma PCBS angapo amakhala akudziwika kwambiri pamagetsi. Amabwera m’miyeso ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo, ndizosiyanasiyana kuyambira zigawo 4 mpaka 12. Chiwerengero cha zigawo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa choti zigawo zosamvetseka zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto mdera, monga kumenyera, ndipo sikotsika mtengo kutulutsa. Mapulogalamu ambiri amafuna zigawo zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, koma kugwiritsa ntchito monga mafoni ndi mafoni amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito magawo 12, pomwe akatswiri ena opanga ma PCB amatha kupanga magawo pafupifupi 100. Komabe, ma PCBS angapo okhala ndi zigawo zingapo ndi osowa chifukwa ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani ma PCBS angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Ngakhale ma PCBS angapo amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ofuna kugwira ntchito kuti apange, akukhala gawo lofunikira muukadaulo wamakono. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri zomwe amapereka, makamaka poyerekeza ndi mitundu imodzi – komanso mitundu iwiri.

Ubwino wama PCBS angapo

Kuchokera pamaluso, ma PCBS angapo amakhala ndi maubwino angapo pakupanga. Ubwino wa multilayer PCB ndi awa:

• Kukula kwakung’ono: Chimodzi mwamaubwino odziwika komanso odziwika chogwiritsa ntchito matumba osanjikiza angapo ndikukula kwake. Chifukwa chamapangidwe ake, ma PCBS angapo amakhala ochepa kuposa ma PCBS ena omwe amagwiranso ntchito chimodzimodzi. Izi zabweretsa zopindulitsa zazikulu zamagetsi amakono popeza zomwe zikuchitika pano ndizazing’ono, zophatikizika koma zamphamvu kwambiri monga mafoni, ma laputopu, mapiritsi ndi zovala.

• Zomangamanga zopepuka: Ma PCBS ang’onoang’ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemera mopepuka, makamaka popeza zolumikizira zingapo zofunika kulumikizira imodzi – ndi PCBS zosanjikiza kawiri zimachotsedwa mokomera mapangidwe angapo. Apanso, izi zimasewera m’manja amakono amakono, omwe amakonda kukhala mafoni.

• Makhalidwe apamwamba: Mitundu iyi ya PCBS imakhala yabwino kuposa ma PCBS osanjikiza komanso osanjikiza kawiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikukonzekera komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa popanga ma PCBS angapo. Zotsatira zake, ndizodaliranso kwambiri.

• Kukhazikika kolimba: Ma PCBS angapo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo. Ma PCBS ama multilayer sayenera kungokhala olemera okha, komanso kuti athe kuthana ndi kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa komwe kumamatira palimodzi. Kuphatikiza pa izi, ma PCBS angapo amagwiritsira ntchito zigawo zingapo za kutchinjiriza pakati pa zigawo, kuziphatikiza ndi zomatira za prereg ndi zida zodzitetezera.

• Kusinthasintha kowonjezeka: Ngakhale izi sizikugwira ntchito pazinthu zonse za PCB zamagulu angapo, ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomangira zosinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa PCBS zingapo zingapo. Izi zitha kukhala zabwino pakufunsira komwe kupindika pang’ono ndi kupindika kumatha kuchitika pafupipafupi. Apanso, izi sizikugwira ntchito kuma PCBS onse, ndipo magawo omwe mumawonjezera pa PCB yosinthasintha, PCB imachepa.

• Yamphamvu kwambiri: Multilayer PCBS ndizazinthu zochulukirapo kwambiri zomwe zimaphatikiza magawo angapo kukhala PCB YAMODZI. Kutalikirana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti matabwa agwirizane kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimakhalapo zimawalola kuti azitha kuchita zambiri komanso kuthamanga ngakhale atakhala ochepa.

• Malo olumikizira amodzi: Ma PCBS osanjikiza angapo adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chimodzi osati mndandanda ndi zinthu zina za PCB. Zotsatira zake, ali ndi cholumikizira chimodzi, m’malo molumikizana kangapo kogwiritsa ntchito ma PCBS angapo. Izi zimapindulanso pakupanga zamagetsi zamagetsi, chifukwa zimangofunika kuphatikiza gawo limodzi lolumikizana pomaliza. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pamagetsi ang’onoang’ono ndi zida zamagetsi zopangidwa kuti zichepetse kukula ndi kulemera.

Izi zabwino zimapangitsa ma PCBS angapo kukhala othandiza muntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka mafoni ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Mofananamo, monga mafakitale ambiri amapita pamavuto am’manja, ma PCBS angapo akupeza malo pazinthu zingapo zogulitsa zamakampani.

Chifukwa chiyani ma PCBS angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Zoyipa zama PCBS angapo

Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB ubwino ambiri ndipo ndi oyenera matekinoloje zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba. Komabe, mitundu iyi ya PCBS siyoyenera mapulogalamu onse. M’malo mwake, zovuta zingapo zitha kupitilira maubwino a ma PCBS angapo, makamaka zamagetsi okhala ndi mtengo wotsika komanso zovuta. Izi ndi monga:

• Mtengo wokwera: Ma PCBS angapo amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma PCBS osakwatiwa ndi awiriawiri pagawo lililonse pakupanga. Ndizovuta kupanga ndipo zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kuthana ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo. Amafunikiranso njira zopangira zovuta kupanga kuti zitheke, zomwe zimafunikira nthawi yambiri ndi ntchito kwa osonkhana. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha ma PCBS awa, zolakwika zilizonse zomwe zimapangidwa popanga kapena kusonkhanitsa zimakhala zovuta kuzikonzanso, zomwe zimapangitsa ndalama zina pantchito kapena zolipiritsa. Pamwamba pa izo, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma PCBS angapo ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa ikadali ukadaulo watsopano. Pazifukwa zonsezi, pokhapokha kukula kwakung’ono ndikofunikira pakufunsira, njira yotsika mtengo ikhoza kukhala chisankho chabwino.

• Kupanga kovuta: Ma PCBS angapo amakhala ovuta kutulutsa kuposa mitundu ina ya PCB, yomwe imafuna nthawi yochulukirapo komanso njira zopangira mosamala. Ndi chifukwa ngakhale zolakwika zazing’ono pakupanga kwa PCB kapena kupanga zimatha kuyipangitsa kukhala yopanda ntchito.

• Kupezeka kochepa: Limodzi mwamavuto akulu omwe ali ndi ma PCBS osanjikiza ndi makina omwe amafunikira kuti apange. Osati onse opanga ma PCB ali ndi vuto kapena kufunikira kwa makina oterewa, motero si onse opanga ma PCB omwe amakhala nawo. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa opanga ma PCB omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma PCBS angapo amakasitomala. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mufunse mozama za kuthekera kwa wopanga ma PCB muma PCBS angapo musanasankhe wopanga PCB ngati wopanga mgwirizano.

• Wopanga ukadaulo amafunika: Monga tanenera kale, ma PCBS angapo amafunikira mapangidwe ambiri zisanachitike. Popanda chidziwitso cham’mbuyomu, izi zitha kukhala zovuta. Mabungwe a multilayer amafunikira kulumikizana pakati pazigawo, koma nthawi imodzi amachepetsa zovuta za crosstalk ndi impedance.Vuto limodzi pakupanga limatha kubweretsa gulu lomwe siligwira bwino ntchito.

• Nthawi yopanga: Monga zovuta zikuchulukirachulukira, momwemonso zopangira zimachulukanso. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri pakubweza ma PCBS angapo – bolodi lililonse limatenga nthawi yochuluka kuti lipange, zomwe zimapangitsa ndalama zambiri pantchito. Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kubweretsa nthawi yayitali pakati pakupanga dongosolo ndi kulandira malonda, omwe atha kukhala ovuta nthawi zina.

Komabe, mavutowa sanasowepo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma PCBS angapo. Ngakhale amawononga ndalama zoposa ma PCBS osanjikiza, ma PCBS angapo amakhala ndi maubwino ambiri pamtundu wapa board.

Ubwino wama PCBS osanjikiza pamitundu iwiri

Ubwino wama PCBS osanjikiza pamitundu yosanjikiza imawonekeranso. Zina mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe ma PCBS angapo amapereka ndi monga:

• Kuchulukitsa kwamisonkhano: Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa PCBS wosanjikiza kumangokhala kocheperako, ma PCBS angapo amachulukitsa kachulukidwe kawo mwa kuyala. Ngakhale kukula kwa PCB, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwake kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito, kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kuthamanga.

• Kukula kocheperako: Ponseponse, ma PCBS angapo amakhala ocheperako kuposa PCBS imodzi. Ngakhale ma PCBS osakwatira akuyenera kukulitsa dera lozungulira powonjezera kukula, ma PCBS angapo amakulitsa malo powonjezera zigawo, potero amachepetsa kukula kwake. Izi zimalola ma PCBS okhala ndi ma multilayer apamwamba kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zing’onozing’ono, pomwe ma PCBS osanjikiza amodzi ayenera kuyikidwa muzinthu zazikulu.

• Kulemera kopepuka: Kuphatikizika kwa zigawo zingapo za PCBS kumatanthauza kufunika kochepa kwa zolumikizira ndi zinthu zina, kupereka yankho lochepa pamagetsi ovuta. Ma PCBS angapo amatha kugwira ntchito yofanana ndi ma PCBS angapo osanjikiza, koma ndi kukula kocheperako, zida zochepa zolumikizidwa, ndikuchepetsa thupi. Izi ndizofunikira pazida zazing’ono zamagetsi pomwe kulemera kumakhudzidwa.

• Kupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe kake: Ponseponse, ma PCBS angapo amatha kupitilira PCBS imodzi. Mwa kuphatikiza mawonekedwe owongoleredwa a impedance, kutchinjiriza kwapamwamba kwa EMI ndi mtundu wonse wamapangidwe abwino, ma PCBS angapo amatha kukwaniritsa zambiri, ngakhale kukhala ochepa komanso opepuka.

Chifukwa chiyani ma PCBS angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Ndiye, kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani posankha magawo angapo osanjikiza? Kwenikweni, ngati mukufuna kupanga zida zazing’ono, zopepuka komanso zovuta pomwe khalidwe ndilofunika, ma PCBS angapo akhoza kukhala chisankho chanu. Komabe, ngati kukula ndi kulemera sizinthu zazikulu pakapangidwe kazinthu, mapangidwe a PCB osakwatiwa kapena awiriawiri atha kukhala osafuna zambiri.