Kuyini I-Multilayer PCB?

A PCB multilayer lichazwa ngokuthi PCB eyenziwe izingqimba ezintathu noma ngaphezulu conductive zethusi ucwecwe. Zibukeka njengezendlalelo zamabhodi wesifunda anezinhlangothi ezimbili, ahlanganiswe futhi anamathiselwe ndawonye, ​​enezingqimba eziningi zokufakwa phakathi kwazo. Isakhiwo sonke sihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi kubekwe izingqimba ezimbili ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwe-PCB ukuxhuma emvelweni. All electrical connections between layers are made through holes such as electroplated through holes, blind holes and buried holes. This method can then be applied to generate highly complex PCBS of different sizes.

Why are multilayer PCBS so widely used

I-Multilayer PCBS iqale ukubhekana nezinguquko ezihlala zishintsha embonini ye-elekthronikhi. Over time, the functions of electronic devices have become increasingly complex, requiring more complex PCBS. Ngeshwa, ama-PCBS anqunyelwe yizinkinga ezinjengomsindo, i-stray capacitance, ne-crosstalk, ngakho-ke ezinye izingqinamba zokwakhiwa kufanele zilandelwe. These design considerations made it difficult to obtain satisfactory performance from single-sided or even double-sided PCBS – hence the birth of multi-layer PCBS.

Ukuhlanganisa amandla ama-PCBS anezendlalelo eziphindwe kabili kule fomethi kuyingxenyana nje yobukhulu, futhi ama-PCBS anezingqimba eziningi aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu ku-elekthronikhi. They come in a variety of sizes and thicknesses to meet the needs of their extended applications, with variations ranging from 4 to 12 layers. The number of layers is usually even because odd layers can cause problems in the circuit, such as warping, and are not cost-effective to produce. Most applications require four to eight layers, but applications such as mobile devices and smartphones tend to use around 12 layers, while some specialist PCB manufacturers have the capacity to produce close to 100 layers. Kodwa-ke, ama-PCBS amaningi anezendlalelo eziningi awavamile ngoba abiza kakhulu.

Why are multilayer PCBS so widely used

Ngenkathi ama-PCBS ama-multilayer ethanda ukubiza kakhulu futhi efuna abasebenzi abaningi ukukhiqiza, aba yingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe besimanje. This is mainly due to the many benefits they offer, especially when compared with single – and double-decker varieties.

Izinzuzo zama-PCBS ama-multilayer

Ngokombono wobuchwepheshe, ama-PCBS amaningi anezinzuzo eziningana ekwakhiweni. These advantages of multilayer PCB include:

• Small size: One of the most prominent and acclaimed benefits of using multi-layer printed circuit boards is their size. Ngenxa yomklamo wazo ogqinsiwe, ama-PCBS ama-multilayer ngokwawo mancane kunamanye ama-PCBS anokusebenza okufanayo. This has brought huge benefits to modern electronics as the current trend is towards smaller, more compact but more powerful gadgets such as smartphones, laptops, tablets and wearables.

• Ukwakhiwa okulula: Ama-PCBS amancane asetshenziselwa isisindo esilula, ikakhulukazi ngoba izixhumi eziningi ezidingekayo ekuxhumaniseni i-single – kanye ne-PCBS engqimba kabili ziyasuswa zivuna ukwakheka kwezingqimba eziningi. Futhi, lokhu kudlala ezandleni ze-elekthronikhi zanamuhla, okuvame ukuba yiselula kakhulu.

• Ikhwalithi ephezulu: Lezi zinhlobo ze-PCBS zivame ukuba ngcono kune-single-layer ne-double-layer PCBS ngenxa yenani lomsebenzi nokuhlelwa okufanele kwenziwe lapho kwenziwa ama-PCBS amaningi. Ngenxa yalokho, nazo zithembeke ngokwengeziwe.

• Improved durability: Multi-layer PCBS tend to last longer due to their nature. La ma-PCBS ama-multilayer akumele athwale isisindo sawo kuphela, kodwa futhi akwazi ukubamba ukushisa nengcindezi esetshenziselwa ukuwahlanganisa. In addition to these factors, multilayer PCBS use multiple layers of insulation between circuit layers, combining them with prepreg adhesives and protective materials.

• Ukuvumelana nezimo okwandisiwe: Yize lokhu kungasebenzi kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-multilayer PCB, abanye basebenzisa izindlela zokwakha eziguquguqukayo, okuholela kuma-PCBS amaningi e-multilayer. Lokhu kungahle kube kuhle kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukugoba okuncane nokugoba kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile. Futhi, lokhu akusebenzi kuwo wonke ama-PCBS ama-multilayer, futhi lapho unezela eziningi ku-PCB eguquguqukayo, i-PCB iba yimbi kakhulu.

• Inamandla amakhulu: Ama-PCBS ama-Multilayer ayizinto eziphakeme kakhulu ezihlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zibe yi-SINGLE PCB. Lawa mabanga asondelene enza amabhodi axhumeke kakhulu, futhi izakhiwo zawo ezisebenza ngogesi ziwavumela ukuthi afinyelele amandla amakhulu nejubane yize emancane.

• Iphoyinti lokuxhuma elilodwa: Ama-PCBS amaningi aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa njengeyunithi eyodwa hhayi ochungechungeni nezinye izingxenye ze-PCB. Ngenxa yalokhu, banendawo eyodwa yokuxhuma, kunokuxhumeka okuningi okudingekayo ukusebenzisa i-PCBS eyodwa engqimba eyodwa. This turns out to be beneficial in electronic product design as well, since they only need to include a single connection point in the final product. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu kuma-elekthronikhi amancane namagajethi aklanyelwe ukunciphisa usayizi nesisindo.

These advantages make multilayer PCBS useful in a variety of applications, especially mobile devices and high-function electronics. Ngokulandelayo, njengoba izimboni eziningi zihambela ezixazululweni zeselula, ama-PCBS amaningi athola indawo enanini elikhulayo lezicelo eziqondene nomkhakha othile.

Why are multilayer PCBS so widely used

Disadvantages of multilayer PCBS

Multi-layer PCB has many advantages and is suitable for various advanced technologies. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlobo ze-PCBS azilungele zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. In fact, several disadvantages may outweigh the advantages of multilayer PCBS, especially for electronics with lower cost and complexity. Lokhu okubi kubandakanya:

• Higher cost: Multi-layer PCBS are much more expensive than single-and double-layer PCBS at every stage of the manufacturing process. They are difficult to design and take a lot of time to solve any potential problems. Zidinga nezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukukhiqiza, okudinga isikhathi esiningi nokusebenza kwababahlanganisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobunjalo bala ma-PCBS, noma yimaphi amaphutha enziwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma ukuhlangana anzima kakhulu ukuphinda asebenze kabusha, okuholela ezindlekweni ezengeziwe zabasebenzi noma ngamacala okulahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-PCBS ama-multilayer ibiza kakhulu ngoba kusabuchwephesha obusha. For all these reasons, unless small size is an absolute necessity for an application, a cheaper alternative may be a better choice.

• Ukukhiqizwa okuyinkimbinkimbi: Ama-PCBS anezingqimba eziningi kunzima kakhulu ukukhiqiza kunezinye izinhlobo ze-PCB, ezidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuklama namasu wokukhiqiza ngokucophelela. That’s because even small flaws in PCB design or manufacturing can make it ineffective.

• Limited availability: One of the biggest problems with multi-layer PCBS is the machines needed to produce them. Not all PCB manufacturers have the wherewithal or necessity for such a machine, so not all PCB manufacturers carry it. Lokhu kukhawulela inani labakhiqizi be-PCB abangasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-PCBS amaningi wamakhasimende. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi ubuze ngokucophelela ngamakhono womenzi we-PCB kuma-PCBS amaningi ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo ngomkhiqizi we-PCB njengomenzi wesivumelwano.

• Kudingeka umklami wezobuchwepheshe: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-PCBS anezendlalelo eziningi adinga ukwakhiwa okuningi ngaphambili. Ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni sangaphambilini, lokhu kungaba yinkinga. Amabhodi ama-multilayer adinga ukuxhumana phakathi kwezendlalelo, kepha kufanele ngasikhathi sinye anciphise i-crosstalk nezinkinga ze-impedance.Inkinga eyodwa ekwakhiweni ingaholela ebhodini elingasebenzi kahle.

• Production time: As complexity increases, so do manufacturing requirements. Lokhu kudlala indima enkulu ekuphumeni kwama-PCBS amaningi – ibhodi ngalinye lithatha isikhathi esiningi ukukhiqiza, okuholela ezindlekweni zabasebenzi eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaholela esikhathini eside phakathi kokufaka i-oda nokwamukela umkhiqizo, okungaba yinkinga kwezinye izimo.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga azikanyamalali ekusetshenzisweni kwama-PCBS amaningi. Ngenkathi zivamise ukubiza ngaphezu kwe-PCBS yongqimba olulodwa, ama-PCBS amaningi anezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo lwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe.

Izinzuzo zama-PCBS anezendlalelo eziningi ngaphezulu kokunye kwesendlalelo kokunye

The advantages of multi-layer PCBS over single-layer alternatives become even more obvious. Some of the key improvements that multilayer PCBS provide include:

• Higher assembly density: While the density of single-layer PCBS is limited by their surface area, multi-layer PCBS multiply their density by layering. Yize usayizi omncane we-PCB, ukwanda kwesibalo kwenza ukusebenza kukhulu, kwandise amandla nejubane.

• Smaller size: Overall, multi-layer PCBS are smaller than single-layer PCBS. Ngenkathi i-PCBS enesendlalelo esisodwa kufanele inyuse indawo yesifunda ngokwandisa usayizi, ama-PCBS amaningi akhulisa indawo ngokungeza izingqimba, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise usayizi ophelele. Lokhu kuvumela ama-PCBS we-multilayer anamandla aphezulu ukuthi asetshenziswe kumadivayisi amancane, kanti i-PCBS enesilinganiso esisodwa esinezinga elilodwa kumele ifakwe kwimikhiqizo emikhulu.

• Isisindo esincane Multi-layer PCBS can accomplish the same amount of work as multiple single-layer PCBS, but with a smaller size, fewer connected components, and reduced weight. Lokhu ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwamadivayisi amancane kagesi lapho isisindo sikhathazeka khona.

• Enhanced design features: Overall, multi-layer PCBS can outperform average single-layer PCBS. Ngokuhlanganisa izici ze-impedance ezilawulwa kakhulu, ukuvikelwa okuphezulu kwe-EMI nekhwalithi yokuklanywa ephelele, ama-PCBS amaningi angafeza okuningi, yize emancane futhi elula.

Why are multilayer PCBS so widely used

Ngakho-ke, zisho ukuthini lezi zici lapho uthatha isinqumo ngezakhi ezi-multilayer nezingqimba ezilodwa? Essentially, if you want to produce small, lightweight and complex equipment where quality is critical, multi-layer PCBS may be your best choice. However, if size and weight are not major factors in product design, single – or double-layer PCB designs may be more cost-effective.