PCB iyingxenye ebalulekile yawo wonke umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi. Ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwamagajethi e-elekthronikhi kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu futhi ngenxa yokuphila kwawo okufushane, into eyodwa ukwanda kwenani le-e-waste. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisafufusa njenge-inthanethi Yezinto kanye nokuthuthukiswa okunamandla kobuchwepheshe bosizo lwabashayeli oluthuthukisiwe emkhakheni wezimoto, lokhu kukhula kuzokhula ngesivinini kuphela.

Kungani imfucuza ye-PCB iyinkinga yangempela?

Nakuba imiklamo ye-PCB ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi, iqiniso liwukuthi la mathuluzi amancane abuswa yi-PCB athathelwa indawo ngobuningi obushaqisayo. Ngakho-ke, inkinga eyinhloko ephakamayo inkinga yokubola, okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi zemvelo. Ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile, ngoba inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi elahliwe ithuthelwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, ikhipha izinto ezinobuthi endaweni ezungezile, njenge:

I-Mercury-ingabangela ukulimala kwezinso nengqondo.

I-Cadmium eyaziwa ngokubangela umdlavuza.

Umthofu owaziwa ngokudala ukulimala kwengqondo

Ama-brominated flame retardants (BFR) -aziwa ukuthi athinta ukusebenza kwamahomoni abesifazane.

I-Beryllium – eyaziwa ngokubangela umdlavuza

Ngisho noma ibhodi ligaywa kabusha futhi liphinde lisetshenziswe esikhundleni sokuliphonsa endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu, inqubo yokugaywa kabusha iyingozi futhi ingabangela izingozi empilweni. Enye inkinga ukuthi njengoba okokusebenza kwethu kuya kuba kuncane futhi kuba lula, kuwumsebenzi onzima ukuwahlukanisa ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha izingxenye ezigaywa kabusha. Ngaphambi kokukhipha noma yiziphi izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, wonke ama-glues nama-adhesives asetshenzisiwe adinga ukususwa ngesandla. Ngakho-ke, inqubo inzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusho ukuthumela amabhodi e-PCB emazweni asathuthuka kancane anezindleko eziphansi zomsebenzi. Impendulo yale mibuzo (imishini kagesi enqwabelene ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma igaywa kabusha) ngokusobala i-PCB ebolayo, enganciphisa kakhulu i-e-waste.

Ukushintsha izinto zamanje ezinobuthi ngezinsimbi zesikhashana (njenge-tungsten noma i-zinc) kuyisinyathelo esikhulu kule ndlela. Ithimba lososayensi e-Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory eNyuvesi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign lizimisele ukwakha i-PCB esebenza ngokugcwele ebolayo lapho ichayeke emanzini. I-PCB yenziwe ngezinto ezilandelayo:

Izingxenye zezentengiso ezingekho eshalofini

Magnesium unamathisele

I-Tungsten Namathisela

I-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) Substrate

Isendlalelo sokubopha i-Polyethylene oxide (PEO).

Eqinisweni, ama-PCB angaboli ngokuphelele akhiwe kusetshenziswa ama-biocomposites enziwe ngemicu yemvelo ye-cellulose ekhishwe eziqwini zikabhanana kanye ne-wheat gluten. Izinto ze-biocomposite aziqukethe izinto zamakhemikhali. Lawa ma-PCB esikhashana angaboli anezinto ezifanayo nama-PCB ajwayelekile. Amanye ama-PCB angaboli athuthukiswe kusetshenziswa izimpaphe zenkukhu nemicu yengilazi.

Ama-biopolymers anjengamacarbohydrates namaprotheni ayabola, kodwa imithombo yemvelo ayidingayo (njengomhlaba namanzi) iya iba yindlala. Ama-biopolymer avuselelekayo futhi asimeme nawo angatholakala kudoti wezolimo (njengefayibha kabhanana), ekhishwa eziqwini zezitshalo. Le mikhiqizo yezolimo ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezibolayo ngokuphelele.

Ingabe ibhodi lokuvikela imvelo lithembekile?

Ngokuvamile, igama elithi “ukuvikelwa kwemvelo” likhumbuza abantu ngesithombe semikhiqizo ebuthakathaka, okungeyona imfanelo esifuna ukuyihlanganisa nama-PCB. Okunye okusikhathazayo mayelana namabhodi e-PCB aluhlaza ahlanganisa:

Izakhiwo zemishini-Iqiniso lokuthi amabhodi anobungani bemvelo enziwe ngefayibha kabhanana isenza sicabange ukuthi amabhodi angase abe ntekenteke njengamahlamvu. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi abacwaningi bahlanganisa izinto zokwakha ze-substrate ukuze benze amabhodi afaniswa ngamandla namabhodi avamile.

Ukusebenza kwe-Thermal-PCB idinga ukuba yinhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni okushisayo futhi kungabi lula ukubamba umlilo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zinezinga eliphansi lokushisa, ngakho-ke ngomqondo othile, lokhu kwesaba kunesisekelo esihle. Nokho, izinga lokushisa eliphansi solder kungasiza ukugwema le nkinga.

I-Dielectric constant-Lena indawo lapho ukusebenza kwebhodi elibolayo kufana nalokho kwebhodi lendabuko. I-dielectric constants ezuzwe yilawa mapuleti ingaphakathi kobubanzi obudingekayo.

Ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu-Uma i-PCB yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-biocomposite zichayeka kumswakama ophezulu noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuchezuka kokuphumayo ngeke kubonwe.

Izinto zokukhipha ukushisa-i-biocomposite zingakhipha ukushisa okuningi, okuyisici esidingekayo sama-PCB.

Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kuya ngokuya kwanda, imfucumfucu ye-elekthronikhi izoqhubeka nokukhula ngezinga elishaqisayo. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kocwaningo ngezinketho zokuvikela imvelo, amabhodi aluhlaza azoba yiqiniso lezohwebo, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izinkinga ze-e-waste kanye ne-e-recycling. Ngenkathi sibambene ne-e-waste edlule kanye nezisetshenziswa zamanje zikagesi, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi sibheke ikusasa futhi siqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwama-PCB angaboli.