Newbies galibi suna rikicewa “PCB schematic” with “PCB design document” when talking about printed circuit boards, but they actually mean different things. Fahimtar bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin su shine mabuɗin nasarar masana’antar PCB, don haka wannan labarin zai rushe manyan bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin tsarin PCB da ƙirar PCB don masu farawa don yin wannan mafi kyau.

Kafin shiga cikin bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin tsari da ƙira, yana da mahimmanci a sani, menene PCB? Inside electronic equipment, there are printed circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards. The green circuit board, made of precious metal, connects all the electrical components of the device and enables it to function properly. Lantarki ba zai yi aiki ba tare da PCBS ba.

Tsarin zane na PCB da ƙirar PCB

Tsarin PCB shine ƙirar kewaye mai sau biyu mai sauƙi wanda ke nuna aiki da haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban. Tsarin PCB tsari ne mai girma uku, don tabbatar da aikin al’ada na kewaye bayan yin alama wurin abubuwan da aka gyara.

Therefore, PCB schematic is the first part of the design of printed circuit board. Wannan wakilci ne na hoto, ko rubuce ko bayanai, da ke amfani da alamomin da aka amince da su don bayyana haɗin kewaye. Hakanan yana nuna alamun abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su da yadda ake haɗa su.

Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, tsarin PCB tsari ne, tsari. Ba a fayyace inda za a sanya abubuwan ba. Maimakon haka, dabarar tana fayyace yadda PCB zai ƙarshe cimma haɗin kai kuma ya zama babban ɓangaren tsarin shiryawa.

Da zarar tsarin ya cika, ƙirar PCB ta zo gaba. Design is the layout or physical representation of the PCB schematic, including copper wiring and hole layout. Tsarin PCB yana nuna wurin abubuwan da aka gyara da haɗin su da jan ƙarfe.

PCB design is a performance-related phase. Injiniyoyi sun gina abubuwan haɗin kai na gaske akan saman ƙirar PCB, suna basu damar gwada ko kayan aikin sun yi aiki da kyau. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kowa yakamata ya iya fahimtar tsarin PCB, amma ba abu bane mai sauƙin fahimtar ayyukan sa ta hanyar kallon samfur.

Both phases are complete, and once you are satisfied with the PCB’s performance, you need to implement them through the manufacturer.

Abubuwan ƙirar PCB

Yanzu da muka fahimci bambance -bambancen da ke tsakanin su biyun, bari mu ɗan duba abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin PCB. Kamar yadda muka ambata, duk hanyoyin haɗin suna bayyane, amma akwai wasu fa’idodi don tunawa:

In order to see the connections clearly, they are not created to scale; A cikin ƙirar PCB, suna iya kasancewa kusa da juna

Wasu haɗi na iya ƙetare juna, wanda a zahiri ba zai yiwu ba

Wasu haɗi na iya kasancewa a ɓangarori dabam dabam na shimfidar, tare da alamomi da ke nuna cewa an haɗa su

Wannan “tsarin” PCB na iya zama shafi, shafuka biyu, ko ma shafuka da yawa waɗanda ke bayanin duk abin da ake buƙatar haɗawa cikin ƙira

Wani batu na ƙarshe da za a lura da shi shine cewa mafi rikitattun dabaru za a iya haɗa su ta hanyar aiki don inganta karatu. Shirya haɗi ta wannan hanyar baya faruwa a mataki na gaba, kuma ƙirar yawanci ba ta dace da ƙirar ƙarshe na ƙirar 3D ba.

Abubuwan ƙirar PCB

Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za mu duba abubuwan da ke cikin takaddar ƙirar PCB. A wannan matakin muna motsawa daga rubuce -rubucen zane zuwa wakilcin zahiri da aka gina ta amfani da laminate ko yumbu. Ana amfani da PCBS masu sassauƙa don aikace -aikacen da suka fi rikitarwa inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin sarari.

Abubuwan da ke cikin takaddar ƙirar PCB sun bi tsarin tsarin da aka tsara, amma, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, su biyun sun bambanta sosai. Mun riga mun tattauna tsarin PCB, amma waɗanne bambance -bambance za a iya lura da su a cikin takaddar ƙira?

Lokacin da muke magana game da takaddar ƙirar PCB, muna magana ne game da samfurin 3D wanda ya haɗa da allon da’irar da aka buga da takaddar ƙira. Suna iya zama guda ɗaya ko mai yawa, kodayake yadudduka biyu sun fi yawa. Za mu iya lura da wasu bambance -bambance tsakanin tsarin PCB da takaddun ƙirar PCB:

Duk abubuwan da aka gyara suna daidai gwargwado kuma an sanya su

Idan maki biyu bai kamata a haɗa su ba, dole ne a zagaya su ko a canza su zuwa wani PCB Layer don gujewa tsallake junansu akan layi ɗaya

Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda muka tattauna a taƙaice, ƙirar PCB ta fi damuwa da ainihin aikin, saboda wannan har zuwa lokacin tabbatarwa na samfurin ƙarshe. A wannan lokacin, fa’idar ainihin aikin ƙirar dole ne ta shigo cikin wasa, kuma dole ne a yi la’akari da buƙatun jiki na allon da’irar da aka buga. Wasu daga cikin sun hada da:

How is the spacing of the components allowed for adequate heat distribution

Akwai masu haɗawa a kusa da gefuna

Dangane da halin yanzu da zafi, yaya kauri iri -iri ya zama dole

Saboda iyakancewar jiki da buƙatun yana nufin cewa takaddun ƙirar PCB galibi suna da banbanci sosai da ƙira akan ƙirar, takaddun ƙira sun haɗa da yadudduka masu buga silkscreen. Layer ɗab’in allo yana nuna haruffa, lambobi da alamomi don taimakawa injiniyoyi haɗuwa da amfani da allo.

Ana buƙatar cewa duk abubuwan haɗin suna aiki kamar yadda aka tsara bayan an haɗa su akan allon da’irar da aka buga. In ba haka ba, yana buƙatar sake fasalin.

ƙarshe

Kodayake tsarin PCB da takaddun ƙirar PCB galibi suna rikicewa, a zahiri yin tsarin PCB da ƙirar PCB suna nufin matakai guda biyu yayin ƙirƙirar allon bugawa. Tsarin PCB, wanda shine muhimmin sashi na aikin PCB da mutunci, dole ne a yi shi kafin ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙirar PCB wanda zai iya zana kwararar aikin.