IiNewbies zihlala zibhida “PCB schematic” with “PCB design document” when talking about printed circuit boards, but they actually mean different things. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwabo sisitshixo ekuphumeleleni kwePCB, ke eli nqaku liza kuyaphula umahluko ophambili phakathi kwesikimu sePCB kunye noyilo lwePCB lwabaqalayo ukwenza oku ngcono.

Ngaphambi kokungena kwiyantlukwano phakathi kwe-schematics kunye noyilo, kubalulekile ukwazi, yintoni i-PCB? Inside electronic equipment, there are printed circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards. The green circuit board, made of precious metal, connects all the electrical components of the device and enables it to function properly. Izinto zombane azizukusebenza ngaphandle kwePCBS.

Umzobo we-PCB oyilo kunye noyilo lwe-PCB

Isikimu sePCB sisicwangcisi esilula esime mbini esibonisa ukusebenza kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Uyilo lwePCB luyilo-ntathu, ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesiqhelo emva kokumakisha indawo yamacandelo.

Therefore, PCB schematic is the first part of the design of printed circuit board. Lo ngumboniso ocacileyo, nokuba ubhaliwe okanye idatha, esebenzisa iisimboli ekuvunyelwene ngazo ukuchaza unxibelelwano lwesekethe. Ikwalatha kwizinto ekufuneka zisetyenzisiwe kunye nendlela ezinentambo ngayo.

Njengoko igama lisitsho, isicwangciso sePCB sisicwangciso, uyilo. Ayichazi ukuba izinto ziya kubekwa phi. Endaweni yoko, ulwandlalo luchaza ukuba i-PCB ekugqibeleni izakufezekisa njani unxibelelwano kwaye iyinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yocwangciso.

Nje ukuba iiplani zigqityiwe, uyilo lwe-PCB luza ngokulandelayo. Design is the layout or physical representation of the PCB schematic, including copper wiring and hole layout. Uyilo lwe-PCB lubonisa indawo yamacandelo kunye nokunxibelelana kwabo nobhedu.

PCB design is a performance-related phase. Iinjineli zakha izinto zokwenyani ngaphezulu koyilo lwe-PCB, ebavumela ukuba bavavanye ukuba izixhobo zisebenza kakuhle na. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, nabani na kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda ubume bePCB, kodwa akukho lula ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo ngokujonga kumzekelo wokuqala.

Zombini izigaba zigqibelele, kwaye nje ukuba wanelisekile ngokusebenza kwe-PCB, kufuneka uyiphumeze ngomenzi wayo.

Iimpawu zesicwangciso sePCB

Ngoku ukuba siqonde umohluko phakathi kwezi zimbini, masiqwalasele ngakumbi izinto zesikimu sePCB. Njengoko besitshilo, lonke unxibelelwano luyabonakala, kodwa kukho imiqolomba embalwa ekufuneka uyigcinile:

In order to see the connections clearly, they are not created to scale; Kuyilo lwePCB, banokusondelelana kakhulu

Olunye unxibelelwano lunokuwela, olungenakwenzeka

Olunye uqhagamshelo lunokuba kumacala ahlukeneyo obume, kunye neziphawuli ezibonisa ukuba zidityanisiwe

Le “projekthi” ye-PCB inokuba liphepha, amaphepha amabini, okanye amaphepha aliqela achaza yonke into efuna ukubandakanywa kuyilo

Inqaku lokugqibela eliqatshelweyo lelokuba i-schematics ezintsonkothileyo zinokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela ukuze kuphuculwe ukufundeka. Ukucwangcisa unxibelelwano ngale ndlela akwenzeki kwinqanaba elilandelayo, kwaye iskim ngokuqhelekileyo asihambelani noyilo lokugqibela lwemodeli ye-3D.

Iimpawu zoyilo zePCB

Ngoku lixesha lokuba ujonge ngakumbi izinto zoxwebhu loyilo lwe-PCB. Kweli nqanaba sisuka kwiimpawu ezibhaliweyo saza saya kumelo olwakhiwe kusetyenziswa i-laminate okanye iiceramic materials. I-PCBS eguqukayo isetyenziselwa usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo apho kufuneka indawo eyongezelelweyo yecompact.

Umxholo woxwebhu loyilo lwe-PCB ulandela isicwangciso esibekwe yinkqubo yesikimu, kodwa, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezi zimbini zibonakala zahluke kakhulu. Sele sixoxe ngezikimu ze-PCB, kodwa nguwuphi umahluko onokuqwalaselwa kuxwebhu loyilo?

Xa sithetha ngoxwebhu loyilo lwe-PCB, sithetha ngemodeli ye-3D ebandakanya ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo kunye noxwebhu loyilo. Zingatshatanga okanye zinemigangatho emininzi, nangona izaleko ezimbini zixhaphakile. Singajonga umohluko phakathi kwezikimu ze-PCB kunye namaxwebhu ayiliweyo e-PCB:

Onke amacandelo anobungakanani obuchanekileyo kwaye abekwe kakuhle

Ukuba amanqaku amabini akufuneki aqhagamshelwe, kufuneka ajikelezwe okanye atshintshelwe komnye umaleko we-PCB ukunqanda ukuwela omnye komnye

Ukongeza, njengoko sixoxe ngokufutshane, uyilo lwe-PCB luxhalabile ngakumbi kukusebenza, kuba oku kukwinqanaba lokuqinisekisa lemveliso yokugqibela. Okwangoku, ukusebenza kwelona xabiso loyilo kufuneka kusebenze, kwaye iimfuno zomzimba zebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ezinye zezi zibandakanya:

How is the spacing of the components allowed for adequate heat distribution

Kukho izihlanganisi ezijikeleze imiphetho

Ngokumalunga nobushushu obukhoyo ngoku kunye nobungakanani beendlela ekufuneka zenziwe

Kuba ukusikelwa umda emzimbeni kunye neemfuno zithetha ukuba amaxwebhu ayiliweyo e-PCB ahlala ejongeka ngokwahlukileyo kuyilo kwisikim, amaxwebhu ayiliweyo abandakanya ubume boshicilelo lwesilika. Uluhlu lokuprinta kwescreen lubonisa oonobumba, amanani kunye neesimboli ukunceda iinjineli zihlangane zisebenzise ibhodi.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba onke amacandelo asebenze njengoko bekucwangcisiwe emva kokuba eqokelelwe kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka iphinde yenziwe ngokutsha.

siphelo

Nangona izikimu ze-PCB kunye namaxwebhu ayiliweyo e-PCB ahlala edidekile, eneneni ukwenza iskimu se-PCB kunye noyilo lwe-PCB kubhekisele kwiinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo xa kusenziwa ibhodi eprintiweyo. Uyilo lwe-PCB, oluyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-PCB kunye nokunyaniseka, kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokudalwa kwesazobe se-PCB esinokutsala inkqubo yokuhamba.