AmaNewbies avame ukudida “PCB schematic” with “PCB design document” when talking about printed circuit boards, but they actually mean different things. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwabo kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza ngempumelelo i-PCB, ngakho-ke le ndatshana izokhipha umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwesikimu se-PCB nokwakhiwa kwe-PCB kwabaqalayo ukwenza lokhu kangcono.

Ngaphambi kokungena umehluko phakathi kwesikimu nokuklama, kubalulekile ukwazi, yini i-PCB? Inside electronic equipment, there are printed circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards. The green circuit board, made of precious metal, connects all the electrical components of the device and enables it to function properly. I-Electronics ngeke isebenze ngaphandle kwe-PCBS.

Umdwebo wesikimu we-PCB nokuklanywa kwe-PCB

Isikimu se-PCB siyinhlangano yesekethe elula elula enezinhlangothi ezimbili ekhombisa ukusebenza nokuxhuma phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Idizayini ye-PCB ihlelwe ngakuthathu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesifunda ngemuva kokumaka indawo yezakhi.

Therefore, PCB schematic is the first part of the design of printed circuit board. Lokhu ukumelwa okucacile, noma ngabe kubhaliwe noma idatha, esebenzisa izimpawu okuvunyelwene ngazo ukuchaza ukuxhumeka kwesekethe. Iphinde ikhombise ngezinto okufanele zisetshenziswe nokuthi zixhunywe kanjani.

Njengoba igama lisho, uhlelo lwe-PCB uhlelo, uhlelo. Akucacisi ukuthi izingxenye zizobekwa kuphi. Esikhundleni salokho, i-schematic ichaza ukuthi i-PCB izogcina ikutholile kanjani ukuxhumana futhi iba yingxenye esemqoka yenqubo yokuhlela.

Lapho amapulani eseqediwe, ukwakhiwa kwe-PCB kuza ngokulandelayo. Design is the layout or physical representation of the PCB schematic, including copper wiring and hole layout. Idizayini ye-PCB ikhombisa indawo yezakhi nokuxhuma kwazo ethusi.

PCB design is a performance-related phase. Onjiniyela bakhe izinto zangempela ngaphezulu kwemiklamo ye-PCB, ebavumela ukuthi bahlole ukuthi imishini isebenza kahle yini. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, noma ngubani kufanele akwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lwe-PCB, kepha akulula ukuqonda ukusebenza kwalo ngokubheka isibonelo.

Zombili izigaba ziphelele, futhi uma usenelisekile ngokusebenza kwe-PCB, udinga ukuzisebenzisa ngomkhiqizi.

Izakhi zesikimu ze-PCB

Manje njengoba siqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili, ake sibhekisise izakhi zesikimu se-PCB. Njengoba sishilo, konke ukuxhumana kuyabonakala, kepha kunemigede embalwa okufanele uyikhumbule:

In order to see the connections clearly, they are not created to scale; Ekuklanyeni kwe-PCB, bangasondelana kakhulu

Olunye uxhumano lungase luwele, okungenakwenzeka

Olunye uxhumano lungaba sezinhlangothini eziphambene zesakhiwo, namamaki akhombisa ukuthi axhunyiwe

Le “plan” ye-PCB ingaba yikhasi, amakhasi amabili, noma amakhasi amaningana achaza konke okudinga ukufakwa kumklamo

Iphuzu lokugcina okufanele liqashelwe ukuthi izikimu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zingahlukaniswa ngomsebenzi ukwenza ngcono ukufundeka. Ukuhlela ukuxhumana ngale ndlela akwenzeki esigabeni esilandelayo, futhi uhlelo oluhlelekile ngokuvamile aluhambelani nomklamo wokugcina wemodeli ye-3D.

Izakhiwo ze-PCB Design

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ubhekisise izakhi zombhalo wedizayini ye-PCB. Kulesi sigaba sisuka emaphepheni abhaliwe siye kwizethulo ezakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-laminate noma izinto zobumba. I-PCBS eguquguqukayo isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho kudingeka khona isikhala esengeziwe se-compact.

Okuqukethwe yidokhumende yedizayini ye-PCB kulandela ipulani ebekwe inqubo yesikimu, kepha, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, bobabili babukeka behluke kakhulu. Sesivele sixoxe ngezinhlaka ze-PCB, kepha imuphi umehluko ongabonakala kudokhumenti yokwakhiwa?

Uma sikhuluma ngombhalo wokuklama we-PCB, sikhuluma ngemodeli ye-3D efaka ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe nedokhumenti yokuklama. Zingaba zodwa noma zinezendlalelo eziningi, yize izingqimba ezimbili zivame kakhulu. Singabona umehluko othile phakathi kwe-PCB schematics nemibhalo yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB:

Zonke izingxenye zikalwe kahle futhi zimiswe kahle

Uma amaphuzu amabili kungafanele axhunywe, kufanele ajikelezwe noma ashintshelwe kolunye ungqimba lwe-PCB ukugwema ukuwela omunye komunye ungqimba olufanayo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sixoxe kafushane, ukwakheka kwe-PCB kukhathazeke kakhulu ngokusebenza kwangempela, ngoba lokhu kuyisigaba sokuqinisekisa komkhiqizo wokugcina. Kuleli qophelo, ukuba khona komsebenzi wangempela wedizayini kufanele kusebenze, futhi nezidingo zomzimba zebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe kufanele zicatshangwe. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

How is the spacing of the components allowed for adequate heat distribution

Kukhona izixhumi ezizungeze imiphetho

Ngokuya ngamanje nokushisa, iminonjana ehlukahlukene kumele ibe mikhulu kangakanani

Ngoba ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba nezidingo kusho ukuthi imibhalo yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB imvamisa ibukeka yehluke kakhulu kunokwakhiwa kohlelo, amadokhumenti wokuqamba afaka izingqimba zokuphrinta zesilika. Isendlalelo sokuphrinta kwesikrini sikhombisa izinhlamvu, izinombolo nezimpawu zokusiza onjiniyela ukuba bahlangane basebenzise ibhodi.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi zonke izingxenye zisebenze njengoba kuhlelwe ngemuva kokuhlanganiselwa ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Uma kungenjalo, idinga ukudwetshwa kabusha.

isiphetho

Yize imibhalo ye-PCB nemibhalo yokwakheka kwe-PCB ivame ukudideka, empeleni ukwenza amasikimu e-PCB nokuklanywa kwe-PCB kubhekisele kuzinqubo ezimbili ezihlukile lapho kwakhiwa ibhodi eliphrintiwe. Idizayini ye-PCB, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-PCB nobuqotho, kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokudalwa komdwebo wesikimu we-PCB ongadonsela ukugeleza kwenqubo.