Newbies nthawi zambiri amasokoneza “PCB schematic” with “PCB design document” when talking about printed circuit boards, but they actually mean different things. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pawo ndichinsinsi pakupanga kwa PCB, chifukwa chake nkhaniyi iwononga kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa masikidwe a PCB ndi mapangidwe a PCB kwa oyamba kumene kuchita izi bwino.

Musanapange kusiyana pakati pa masanjidwe ndi kapangidwe kake, ndikofunikira kudziwa, PCB ndi chiyani? Inside electronic equipment, there are printed circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards. The green circuit board, made of precious metal, connects all the electrical components of the device and enables it to function properly. Zamagetsi sizigwira ntchito popanda PCBS.

Chithunzi chojambula cha PCB ndi kapangidwe ka PCB

Makina a PCB ndi mawonekedwe osavuta oyenda mbali ziwiri omwe akuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi kulumikizana pakati pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe a PCB ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi zitatu, kuti athe kuonetsetsa kuti dera likuyenda pambuyo polemba malo opangira zinthu.

Therefore, PCB schematic is the first part of the design of printed circuit board. Izi ndizoyimira, ngakhale zolembedwa kapena zosanja, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo zofotokozera kulumikizana kwadongosolo. Ikuwonetseranso pazomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso momwe zimalumikizidwira.

Monga dzinalo likunenera, dongosolo la PCB ndi pulani, pulani. Sichinena komwe zigawozo zidzaikidwe. M’malo mwake, chiwonetsero chimafotokozera momwe PCB pamapeto pake idzakwaniritsira kulumikizana ndikupanga gawo lofunikira pakukonzekera.

Mapulani akamaliza, mapangidwe a PCB amabwera motsatira. Design is the layout or physical representation of the PCB schematic, including copper wiring and hole layout. Mapangidwe a PCB akuwonetsa komwe zinthu zimayendera komanso kulumikizana kwawo ndi mkuwa.

PCB design is a performance-related phase. Akatswiri amapanga zida zenizeni pamwamba pamapangidwe a PCB, kuwalola kuyesa ngati zida zake zimagwira bwino ntchito. Monga tanena kale, aliyense ayenera kumvetsetsa dongosolo la PCB, koma sizovuta kumvetsetsa magwiridwe ake poyang’ana pazomwe zidachitika.

Magawo onse atha, ndipo mukakhutira ndi magwiridwe antchito a PCB, muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito kudzera mwa wopanga.

Zinthu zoyipa za PCB

Tsopano popeza tamvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi, tiyeni tiwone bwino zomwe zikuchitika pa PCB. Monga tanena, kulumikizana konse kumawoneka, koma pali mapanga ochepa oti muzikumbukira:

In order to see the connections clearly, they are not created to scale; Mu kapangidwe ka PCB, amatha kukhala pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mnzake

Maulumikizidwe ena amatha kuwoloka, zomwe ndizosatheka

Zolumikizana zina zitha kukhala mbali zosiyana za kamangidwe, ndi zolembera zosonyeza kuti ndizolumikizidwa

“Ndondomeko” iyi ya PCB itha kukhala tsamba, masamba awiri, kapena masamba angapo ofotokozera zonse zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pakupanga

Mfundo yomaliza yolemba ndikuti masamu ovuta kwambiri atha kugawidwa ndi ntchito kuti athe kuwerenga bwino. Kukonzekera kulumikizana motere sikuchitika pagawo lotsatira, ndipo chiwembu nthawi zambiri sichimafanana ndi kapangidwe komaliza ka mtundu wa 3D.

PCB Design Zinthu

Ino ndi nthawi yoti muyang’anitsitse zomwe zidalembedwa ndi PCB. Pakadali pano timachoka pamakonzedwe olembedwa kupita kuzithunzi zomangidwa ndi laminate kapena ceramic. Ma PCBS osinthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zovuta kwambiri pomwe pakufunika malo owonjezera.

Zomwe zili mu cholembedwa cha PCB zikutsatira pulani yomwe idakhazikitsidwa, koma, monga tanena kale, awiriwa amawoneka osiyana kwambiri. Takambirana kale za masikidwe a PCB, koma pali kusiyana kotani komwe kumawoneka muzolemba?

Tikamayankhula za chikwangwani chopanga cha PCB, tikukamba za mtundu wa 3D womwe umaphatikizapo komiti yosindikizidwa ndi chikalata chopanga. Zitha kukhala zosakwatiwa kapena zingapo, ngakhale zigawo ziwiri ndizofala kwambiri. Titha kuwona kusiyana pakati pa ma schematics a PCB ndi mapangidwe a PCB:

Zida zonse ndizoyenera bwino ndikukhala bwino

Ngati mfundo ziwiri siziyenera kulumikizidwa, ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mozungulira kapena kusinthana ndi gawo lina la PCB kuti zitha kuwoloka chimodzimodzi

Kuphatikiza apo, monga tidakambirana mwachidule, kapangidwe ka PCB kamakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa ili ndi gawo lotsimikiza la chomaliza. Pakadali pano, kuyenera kwa ntchito yeniyeniyo kuyenera kuchitika, ndipo zofunikira za board yosindikizidwa ziyenera kulingaliridwa. Zina mwa izi ndi:

How is the spacing of the components allowed for adequate heat distribution

Pali zolumikizira kuzungulira m’mbali

Potengera momwe zinthu ziliri pakali pano komanso kutentha, kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kotani

Chifukwa zolephera zathupi ndi zofunikira zake zimatanthauza kuti zolembedwa pamapangidwe a PCB nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zosiyana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake, zolemba pamapangidwe zimaphatikizapo zigawo zosindikizira za silkscreen. Makina osindikizira pazenera akuwonetsa zilembo, manambala ndi zizindikiritso zothandizira mainjiniya kusonkhanitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito bolodi.

Zimafunika kuti zigawo zonse zizigwira ntchito monga momwe zidakonzedwera atasonkhanitsidwa pa bolodi yoyang’anira. Ngati sichoncho, iyenera kukonzedwanso.

mapeto

Ngakhale masikidwe a PCB komanso mapangidwe a PCB nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka, ndikupanga masikidwe a PCB ndi mapangidwe a PCB amatanthauza njira ziwiri zokha popanga bolodi. Mapangidwe a PCB, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira la magwiridwe antchito a PCB ndi umphumphu, ayenera kupangidwa asanakhazikitse chithunzi cha PCB chomwe chitha kuyambitsa mayendedwe.