Hangata li-newbies li ferekanya “PCB schematic” with “PCB design document” when talking about printed circuit boards, but they actually mean different things. Ho utloisisa phapang lipakeng tsa bona ke senotlolo sa tlhahiso e atlehileng ea PCB, ka hona sengoloa sena se tla felisa phapang ea mantlha lipakeng tsa sekema sa PCB le moralo oa PCB bakeng sa ba qalang ho etsa sena betere.

Pele o kena lipakeng tsa maano le moralo, ho bohlokoa ho tseba, PCB ke eng? Inside electronic equipment, there are printed circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards. The green circuit board, made of precious metal, connects all the electrical components of the device and enables it to function properly. Electronics e ke ke ea sebetsa ntle le PCBS.

PCB moralo oa setšoantšo le moralo oa PCB

Moralo oa PCB ke moralo oa potoloho o habeli o bonts’ang ts’ebetso le khokahano lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng. Moralo oa PCB ke sebopeho sa mahlakore a mararo, ho netefatsa ts’ebetso e tloaelehileng ea potoloho kamora ho tšoaea sebaka sa likarolo.

Therefore, PCB schematic is the first part of the design of printed circuit board. Ena ke setšoantšo se hlakileng, ekaba se ngotsoeng kapa data, se sebelisang matšoao a lumellaneng ho hlalosa likhokahano tsa potoloho. E boetse e fana ka maikutlo a likarolo tse lokelang ho sebelisoa le hore na li hokahantsoe joang.

Joalokaha lebitso le bolela, moralo oa PCB ke moralo, moralo. Ha e hlalose hore na likarolo li tla beoa kae. Sebakeng seo, moralo o bontša hore na qetellong PCB e tla fihlela khokahano joang ‘me e be karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts’ebetso ea moralo.

Hang ha lipolane li se li felile, moralo oa PCB oa latela. Design is the layout or physical representation of the PCB schematic, including copper wiring and hole layout. Moralo oa PCB o bonts’a sebaka sa likaroloana le khokahano ea tsona le koporo.

PCB design is a performance-related phase. Baenjiniere ba hahile likarolo tsa ‘nete holim’a meralo ea PCB, ba li lumella ho lekola hore na lisebelisoa li sebetsa hantle. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, mang kapa mang o lokela ho utloisisa sebopeho sa PCB, empa ha ho bonolo ho utloisisa ts’ebetso ea sona ka ho sheba sebopeho.

Both phases are complete, and once you are satisfied with the PCB’s performance, you need to implement them through the manufacturer.

Likarolo tsa PCB

Kaha joale re utloisisa phapang lipakeng tsa tse peli, ha re shebeng ka hloko likarolo tsa leano la PCB. Joalokaha re boletse, likhokahano tsohle lia bonahala, empa ho na le litemoso tse ‘maloa tseo u lokelang ho li boloka kelellong:

In order to see the connections clearly, they are not created to scale; Ka moralo oa PCB, li ka ba haufi haholo

Likhokahano tse ling li ka tšela, e leng ntho e ke keng ea etsahala

Likhokahano tse ling li kanna tsa ba mahlakore a fapaneng a moralo, ‘me matšoao a bontša hore a hokahane

“Polane” ena ea PCB e ka ba leqephe, maqephe a mabeli, kapa maqephe a ‘maloa a hlalosang ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e hlokang ho kenyelletsoa morerong

Ntlha ea ho qetela eo re lokelang ho e ela hloko ke hore lipalo tse rarahaneng li ka hlophisoa ka ts’ebetso ho ntlafatsa ho bala. Ho hlophisa likhokahanyo ka tsela ena ha ho etsahale mohatong o latelang, ‘me morero ha o tšoane le moralo oa hoqetela oa mofuta oa 3D.

Lisebelisoa tsa PCB Design

Joale ke nako ea ho shebisisa likarolo tsa tokomane ea moralo oa PCB. Mothating ona re tloha lipolomong tse ngotsoeng ho ea ho litšoantšo tse hahiloeng ka lisebelisoa tsa laminate kapa tsa ceramic. PCBS e tenyetsehang e sebelisetsoa lits’ebetso tse rarahaneng haholo moo ho hlokahalang sebaka se eketsehileng sa compact.

Litaba tsa tokomane ea moralo oa PCB li latela polane e behiloeng ke ts’ebetso, empa, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana, tse peli li shebahala li fapane haholo. Re se re buile ka merero ea PCB, empa ke liphapang life tse ka bonoang tokomaneng ea moralo?

Ha re bua ka tokomane ea moralo oa PCB, re bua ka mofuta oa 3D o kenyelletsang boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng le tokomane ea moralo. E ka ba masoha kapa a mekato e mengata, leha likarolo tse peli e le tsona tse tloaelehileng haholo. Re ka bona liphapang tse ling lipakeng tsa maano a PCB le litokomane tsa moralo oa PCB:

Lisebelisoa tsohle li boholo bo nepahetseng ebile li maemong a nepahetseng

Haeba lintlha tse peli li sa lokela ho hokahanngoa, li tlameha ho potoloha kapa ho fetoloa ho lera le leng la PCB ho qoba ho tšela lera le le leng

Ntle le moo, joalo ka ha re tšohlile hakhutšoanyane, moralo oa PCB o amehile haholo ka ts’ebetso ea ‘nete, kaha hona ke karolo ea netefatso ea sehlahisoa sa hoqetela. Mothating ona, ho sebetsa hoa mosebetsi oa nnete oa moralo ho tlameha ho kenella, ‘me ho nkuoe litlhoko tsa’ mele tsa boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng. E meng ea eona e kenyelletsa:

How is the spacing of the components allowed for adequate heat distribution

Ho na le likhokelo ho potoloha mathoko

Mabapi le boemo ba hajoale le mocheso, methati e fapaneng e tlameha ho ba metenya hakae

Hobane mefokolo ea ‘mele le litlhokahalo li bolela hore litokomane tsa moralo oa PCB hangata li shebahala li fapane hole le moralo oa moralo, litokomane tsa moralo li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa khatiso ea silika. Lera la khatiso ea skrineng le bonts’a litlhaku, lipalo le matšoao ho thusa baenjiniere ho bokana le ho sebelisa boto.

Ho hlokahala hore likarolo tsohle li sebetse kamoo ho reriloeng kamora ho bokelloa botong ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng. Haeba ho se joalo, e hloka ho ts’oaroa bocha.

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Le ha litokomane tsa moralo oa PCB le litokomane tsa moralo oa PCB li lula li ferekanngoa, ha e le hantle ho etsa maano a PCB le moralo oa PCB li bua ka lits’ebetso tse peli tse arohaneng ha ho etsoa boto e hatisitsoeng. Moralo oa PCB, e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea ts’ebetso ea PCB le bots’epehi, e tlameha ho etsoa pele ho theoa setšoantšo sa moralo sa PCB se ka hulang ts’ebetso ea phallo.