ʻO ka manawa kēia e nānā i kekahi mau kikoʻī i ka ʻike ʻana o Papa PCB, i mea e hoʻomākaukau pono ai e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. Ke kuhi ʻana i ka papa PCB, pono mākou e hoʻolohe i ka manaʻo maʻamau o 9 e hiki mai nei.

1. kapu loa ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hoʻāʻo i ka honua e hoʻokaʻaʻike i ke kīwī, nā leo, nā wikiō a me nā pono ʻē aʻe ma ka pā o lalo e ʻike i ka papa PCB me ka ʻole o ka transformer hoʻokaʻawale.

Mai hoʻāʻo pololei i nā polokalamu kīwī, nā leo, a me nā wikiō me ka ʻole o nā transformer hoʻokaʻawale mana me nā hāmeʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia. ʻOiai ka mana o ka mea hoʻopaʻa leo i ka mea hoʻohuli mana, ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi mana kūikawā kūikawā a ʻoi aku paha o ka mana o ka mana o ka mana e ʻike ʻole e pili ana i ka TV a me nā mea kani uila, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka chassis mīkini, inā maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka papahele. ʻO ke kīwī, nā leo a me nā pono lako lako pono ʻē aʻe, pālahalaha ʻia i ke kaapuni hoʻohui, nā haki hou.

2. E nānā i ka hana hoʻoluʻu o ka hao hao uila ke ʻike ʻana i ka papa PCB

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana i ka hao hoʻoheheʻe me ka mana ola. I mea e ola ʻole ai ka hao hoʻoheheʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻowali ʻana i ka pūpū o ka hao hao. E akahele ʻo MOS, a ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao kaapuni uila haʻahaʻa me 6-8V.

3. Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i ka papa PCB, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano hana o ka huakaʻi hoʻohui a me ke kaapuni e pili ana

Ma mua o ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaapuni hoʻohui, pono mākou e maʻa mua i nā hana o nā kaapuni hoʻohui, nā kaapuni kūloko, nā palena uila nui, ke kuleana o kēlā me kēia pine a me ka uila maʻamau, ka nalu o ka pin a me ke kumu hana o ke kaapuni i haku ʻia o peripheral ʻāpana. Inā kū kēia mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.

4, e hoʻāʻo i ka papa PCB ʻaʻole ma waena o nā pin

ʻO ka ana ʻana o ka uila a i ʻole oscilloscope probe hōʻike nalu, ʻaʻole hana ka peni a i ʻole kuʻikuʻi i kahi kaapuni pōkole ma waena o nā pine o ke kaapuni hoʻohui ʻia no ka heʻe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me nā pine o ke kaapuni paʻi ākea no ke ana ʻana. Hiki i kēlā me kēia kaapuni pōkole koke ke hōʻino i ke kaapuni INTEGRATED, no laila e mālama nui ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā puni i hoʻopili ʻia me CMOS i hoʻohui ʻia.

5, detection PCB board test instrument internal resistance should be large

Ke ana ʻana i ka uila DC o nā pin o nā kaapuni hoʻohui, e hoʻohana i ka multimeter nona ka pale kūloko i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20K ω / V; i ʻole, e nui ana nā hewa ana no kekahi mau anakahi uila pin.

6. E nānā i ka hoʻopau wela o ka mana i hoʻohui kaapuni ke kuhi ʻana i ka papa PCB

Power integrated circuits should have good heat dissipation and should not be allowed to work in a high power state without heat sink.

7, PCB ʻike kēpau kēpau ʻike pono

Inā pono e hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana peripheral e pani i ka ʻāpana ʻino i loko o ka pōʻaiapili i hoʻohui ʻia, pono e wae ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi, a kūpono ke aho e hōʻalo i ka hoʻopili parasite pono ʻole, keu hoʻi e hana me ka hopena o ka hopena ma waena o ka amplifier leo hoʻohui hoʻohui kaapuni a ke kaapuni preamplifier.

8. E hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi kuʻihao o ka papa PCB

Ke hoʻopaʻa pono maoli ʻia ka wili, maʻalahi ka hōʻiliʻili o ka solder a me nā pores e hoʻokumu i ka hoʻopili uila. ʻAʻole ma mua o 3 kekona ka manawa kuʻihao, a ʻo ka mana o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ma kahi o 25W. Ua wili ʻia ke kaapuni hoʻohui e nānā pono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ohmmeter e ana inā aia he pōkole pōkole ma waena o nā pin, e hōʻoia i ka hanana adhesion solder a laila kaomi i ka lako mana.

9, ka ʻike ʻana o ka papa PCB ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻoholo i ka hōʻino o ke kaapuni hoʻohui

Do not easily judge that the integrated circuit is damaged. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā kaapuni hoʻohui ʻia, ke kūpono ʻole ke kaapuni, alakaʻi ʻia i nā loli uila he nui, a ʻaʻole kēia mau hoʻololi i kumu ʻia e ka ʻino o ke kaapuni hoʻohui, a i kekahi mau hihia, kūlike me a i ʻole kokoke i ka waiwai maʻamau, ʻaʻole paha hiki ke hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ke kaapuni hoʻohui. Ma muli o kekahi mau hemahema palupalu ʻaʻole kumu o ka hoʻololi i ka uila DC.

PCB board debugging method

No ka papa PCB hou i hoʻihoʻi mai nei, pono mākou e nānā mua inā paha he mau pilikia ma ka papa, e like paha me nā māwae maopopo, inā he kaapuni pōkole, kaapuni ākea a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe. If necessary, check that the resistance between the power supply and the ground is large enough.

No kahi papa kaapuni hou i hoʻolālā ʻia, hālāwai pinepine ka debugging me kekahi mau pilikia, keu hoʻi i ka nui o ka papa, ʻoi aku nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine pehea e hoʻomaka ai. Akā inā ʻoe e haku i kahi hana debugging kūpono, e pālua ana ka debugging i ka hopena me ka hapalua o ka hana.

Ke kaʻina hana debugging PCB

1. For the new PCB board just brought back, we should first roughly observe whether there are problems on the board, such as whether there are obvious cracks, whether there are short circuits, open circuits and other phenomena. If necessary, check that the resistance between the power supply and the ground is large enough.

2, a laila nā mea hoʻonoho. ʻO nā modula kūʻokoʻa, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻoia e holo pono lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻokomo iā lākou āpau, akā ʻo kahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻouka (no nā kaapuni liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi), no laila maʻalahi e hoʻoholo i ka hewa laulā, no ka mea ke loaʻa ʻoe i nā pilikia, mai ʻike pehea e hoʻomaka ai.

Generally speaking, you can install the power supply part first, and then check whether the power supply output voltage is normal. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maopopo leʻa i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ana (ʻoiai inā ʻoe, ua aʻoaʻo ʻia ʻoe e hoʻohui i kahi fuse, inā wale nō), hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻokele uila hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi me ka hana palena o kēia manawa.

Hoʻonohonoho mua i ka pale o kēia manawa, a laila ka loiloi o ka voltage voltage o ka mana regulator i luna, a nānā i ke au hoʻokomo, ka uila hoʻokomo a me ka uila hoʻopuka. If no overcurrent protection occurs and the output voltage is normal, the power supply is OK. Inā ʻole, hoʻokaʻawale i ka lako mana, ʻimi i ka hewa, a hana hou i nā ʻanuʻu i luna a hiki i ka maʻamau o ka mana.

3, a laila hoʻonohonoho mālie i nā modula ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēlā me kēia module, ka mana ma ka hoʻāʻo, ka mana ma muli o nā ʻanuʻu i luna, i mea e pale ʻole ai i ka manawa hou a puhi i nā mea ma muli o nā hemahema o ka hoʻolālā a i ʻole nā ​​hewa hoʻonohonoho.

E ʻike i ka hopena o ka papa PCB hewa

1. E ana i ka uila e ʻike i ka papa PCB hewa

The first thing to confirm is whether the voltage of the chip power pin is normal, and then check whether all kinds of reference voltage is normal, and whether the working voltage of each point is normal. ʻO kahi triagon silikone maʻamau, no ka laʻana, e loaʻa kahi anakahi uila BE ma kahi o 0.7V a me kahi uila pili ʻo CE ma kahi o 0.3V a ʻoi aku paha. Inā loaʻa ka volta BE junction ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.7V (koe wale no nā triode kūikawā e like me Darlington tubes), e wehe paha ka BE BE.

2, hōʻailona hōʻailona hana e loaʻa ka hewa PCB papa

Add the signal source to the input end, and then measure the waveform of each point in turn to see whether it is normal to find the fault point. I kekahi manawa e hoʻohana mākou i kahi ala maʻalahi, e like me ka paʻa ʻana i ka tweezer e hoʻopā i ka pahu hoʻokomo i nā pae āpau e ʻike ai inā aia kahi hopena ma ka pahu puka puka, e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kaiapuni leo a me nā wikiō (akā pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia hana i nā kaapuni me nā papa kumu wela a i ʻole nā ​​uila uila kiʻekiʻe, i ʻole ia e alakaʻi i ka uila uila). Inā ʻaʻohe hopena ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana, a aia kekahi hopena ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana, hōʻike ia aia ka pilikia i ka pae ma mua, pono e kia i ka nānā ʻana.

3. Nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā papa PCB hewahewa

There are many other ways to find trouble spots, such as seeing, hearing, smelling, and touching.

“Nānā” e ʻike inā maopopo leʻa ka hōʻino mechanical i nā ʻāpana, e like me ka haki, ʻeleʻele, deformation, a pēlā aku.

“Hoʻolohe” e hoʻolohe inā he kani ka hana maʻamau, e like me ke kani ʻole ʻana o kekahi mau mea i ke apo, ʻaʻole kani ke apo a ʻaʻole maʻamau ke kani;

ʻO “smell” e nānā inā aia kahi pilau, e like me keʻala o ke ahi, mea ʻono electrolyte capacitor, no nā limahana mālama uila uila, maʻalahi loa i kēia mau pilau;

“Touch” is to use the hand to test whether the temperature of the device is normal, such as too hot, or too cold.

ʻO kekahi o nā hāmeʻa mana, ke hana, wela, inā anuanu i ka hoʻopā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokolokolo maʻamau ʻaʻole ia e holo. But if it’s hot where it shouldn’t be or too hot where it should be, that’s no good. General power triode, voltage regulator chip, etc., working in 70 degrees is completely no problem. He aha ka manaʻo o 70 kekelē? If you can hold your hand on it for more than three seconds, the temperature is probably below 70 degrees (be careful not to burn your hand).