Yakwana nthawi yolabadira zina mwazidziwitso za PCB bolodi, Kuti mukonzekere bwino kuti muwonetsetse mtundu wazogulitsa. Poona bolodi PCB, tiyenera kulabadira 9 nzeru.

1. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera zokhala ndi TV, makanema, makanema ndi zida zina pa mbale yapansi kuti mupeze bolodi la PCB popanda chosinthira.

Osayesa mwachindunji TV, zomvera, ndi zida zamavidiyo popanda magetsi osinthira magetsi okhala ndi zida zoyambira. Ngakhale zambiri zojambulira zimakhala ndi chosinthira mphamvu, zikawululidwa ku mphamvu yapadera kapena yayikulu yotulutsa mphamvu sadziwa zambiri za TV kapena zida za stereo, choyamba dziwitsani kuti chassis yamakina imayimbidwa, mwina ndizosavuta kwambiri komanso pansi TV, audio ndi zida zina zamagetsi zamagetsi, zimafalikira kudera lophatikizidwa, kuwonongeka kwina.

2. Samalani kutchinjiriza kwa chitsulo chamagetsi pozindikira bolodi la PCB

Siloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungunulira ndi mphamvu yamoyo. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti chitsulo chosungunuka sichikhala ndi moyo, ndibwino kuti mugwetse chipolopolo chachitsulo chosungunuka. Dera la MOS liyenera kusamala kwambiri, ndipo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamagetsi chotsika kwambiri ndi 6-8V.

3. Tisanazindikire bolodi la PCB, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyendetsera dera lophatikizika komanso madera ena

Tisanayang’ane ndikukonza ma circuits ophatikizika, tiyenera kudziwa bwino ntchito zama circuits ophatikizika, ma circuits amkati, magawo amagetsi akulu, gawo la pini iliyonse ndi magetsi wamba, mawonekedwe a pini ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera lokhala ndi zotumphukira zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ngati izi zilipo, kusanthula ndikuyang’anira kumakhala kosavuta.

4, board PCB test sayambitsa dera lalifupi pakati pazikhomo

Kuyeza kwa Voltage kapena oscilloscope test test waveform, cholembera kapena kafukufuku sizimayambitsa dera lalifupi pakati pazikhomo zadongosolo lophatikizika chifukwa chotsetsereka, ndibwino kuti muzilumikizidwa molunjika ndi zikhomo zadera losindikizira lakuyesa. Dera lililonse lalifupi limatha kuwononga dera lophatikizika, chifukwa chake kuyenera kusamalidwa kwambiri poyesa maseketi ophatikizika a CMOS.

5, kudziwika PCB bolodi mayeso chida kukaniza mkati ayenera kukhala lalikulu

Mukamayesa magetsi a DC am’khomo a ma circuits ophatikizika, gwiritsani ntchito ma multimeter omwe kulimbana kwawo kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 20K ω / V; apo ayi, padzakhala zolakwika zazikulu pamiyeso yama pin.

6. Samalani kutentha kwakutha kwa magetsi ophatikizika akamayang’ana bolodi la PCB

Power integrated circuits should have good heat dissipation and should not be allowed to work in a high power state without heat sink.

7, PCB kutsogolera kudziwika kutsogolera ayenera kukhala wololera

Ngati kuli kofunika kuwonjezera zowonjezera kuti mutenge gawo lowonongeka mkati mwazinthu zophatikizika, zida zazing’ono ziyenera kusankhidwa, ndipo zingwe ziyenera kukhala zomveka kuti zipewe kulumikizana kosafunikira kwa ma parasite, makamaka kuthana ndi kutha pakati pa audio amplifier integrated circuit ndi preamplifier dera.

8. Ensure the welding quality of PCB board

Kutsekemera kumalumikizidwa kwenikweni, kusungunuka kwa solder ndi pores ndikosavuta kuyambitsa kuwotcherera. Nthawi yowotcherera nthawi yoposa masekondi atatu, ndipo mphamvu yachitsulo cha soldering ndi pafupifupi 3W. Makina ophatikizika adalumikizidwa kuti aunike mosamala, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter kuti muone ngati pali gawo lalifupi pakati pazikhomo, tsimikizani kuti palibe chodalira cha solder ndikusintha magetsi.

9, kudziwika kwa bolodi la PCB sikungadziwe mosavuta kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizidwa

Do not easily judge that the integrated circuit is damaged. Chifukwa ma circuits ambiri ophatikizika amalumikizidwa molunjika, dera likakhala lachilendo, limatha kubweretsa kusintha kwamagetsi angapo, ndipo kusintha kumeneku sikumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika, ndipo nthawi zina, mphamvu yama pini ndiyomwe zogwirizana kapena pafupi ndi mtengo wabwinobwino, mwina sizitha kuwonetsa kuti dera lophatikizidwa ndilabwino. Chifukwa zolakwika zina sizimapangitsa kusintha kwamagetsi a DC.

PCB board debugging method

Pabodi yatsopano ya PCB yomwe yangobwezedwa kumene, tiyenera kuyamba tayang’ana ngati pali zovuta pabwalo, monga ngati pali ming’alu yowonekera, kaya pali dera lalifupi, dera lotseguka ndi zochitika zina. If necessary, check that the resistance between the power supply and the ground is large enough.

Kwa bolodi laling’ono lomwe lakonzedwa kumene, kukonza zolakwika nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi zovuta, makamaka bolodi likakhala lokulirapo, zowonjezera, nthawi zambiri sadziwa momwe angayambire. Koma ngati mukutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolakwika yolakwika, kukonza zolakwika kumapeza zotsatira ziwiri ndikuchita khama.

PCB board debugging procedure

1. For the new PCB board just brought back, we should first roughly observe whether there are problems on the board, such as whether there are obvious cracks, whether there are short circuits, open circuits and other phenomena. If necessary, check that the resistance between the power supply and the ground is large enough.

2, kenako zida zowonjezera. Ma module odziyimira pawokha, ngati simukuwonetsetsa kuti agwira bwino ntchito, ndibwino kuti musayikemo onsewo, koma gawo lina la kukhazikitsa (kwa ma circuits ang’onoang’ono, amatha kuyika zonse mwakamodzi), kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa cholakwikacho osiyanasiyana, kuti mukakumana ndi mavuto, musadziwe momwe mungayambire.

Generally speaking, you can install the power supply part first, and then check whether the power supply output voltage is normal. Ngati simukudziwa kwenikweni mukamayatsa (ngakhale mutakhala kuti, mukukulangizidwa kuti muwonjezere fyuzi, mwina), mungaganizire kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira magetsi pochepetsa ntchito.

Choyamba konzani chitetezo chamakono, ndiyeno mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yolamulira pang’onopang’ono ikukwera, ndikuwunika momwe magetsi alowerera, magetsi olowera ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi. If no overcurrent protection occurs and the output voltage is normal, the power supply is OK. Kupanda kutero, siyani magetsi, pezani cholakwika, ndikubwereza masitepewa mpaka magetsi atakhala achilendo.

3, kenako pang’onopang’ono ikani ma module ena, gawo lililonse loyikika, mphamvu yoyesa, kuyatsa malinga ndi zomwe tatchulazi, kuti tipewe kupitirira muyeso ndikuwotcha zigawo zikuluzikulu chifukwa cha zolakwika kapangidwe kapena zolakwika pakukhazikitsa.

Pezani yankho la bolodi lolakwika la PCB

1. Kuyeza voteji kupeza bolodi bolodi PCB

The first thing to confirm is whether the voltage of the chip power pin is normal, and then check whether all kinds of reference voltage is normal, and whether the working voltage of each point is normal. Mwachitsanzo, silicon triode, mwachitsanzo, imakhala ndi magetsi olumikizana ndi BE ozungulira 0.7V ndi magetsi olumikizirana a CE ozungulira 0.3V kapena ochepera. Ngati triode ili ndi mphamvu yolumikizana ya BE yopitilira 0.7V (kupatula ma triode apadera monga ma Darlington machubu), mphambano ya BE itha kukhala yotseguka.

2, signal injection method to find the fault PCB board

Onjezani gwero lazizindikiro kumapeto olowera, ndiyeno muyese mawonekedwe amawu a mfundo iliyonse kuti muwone ngati sizachilendo kupeza cholakwika. Nthawi zina timagwiritsanso ntchito njira yosavuta, monga kugwiritsira ntchito tweezer kuti tigwire malo olowera m’magawo onse kuti tiwone ngati pali zomwe zingachitike pamagulitsidwe, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama circuits a audio and video amplifier (koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti njirayi singagwiritsidwe ntchito pama circuits okhala ndi mbale zotentha kapena ma voliyumu akulu, apo ayi itha kubweretsa mantha amagetsi). Ngati palibe zomwe zingachitike musanakhudze, ndipo pali zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pakukhudza, zikuwonetsa kuti vutoli lili mgulu lakale, liyenera kuyang’ana pakuwunika.

3. Njira zina zopezera ma board a PCB olakwika

There are many other ways to find trouble spots, such as seeing, hearing, smelling, and touching.

“Yang’anani” ndikuwona ngati pali kuwonongeka kwamakina pazinthu, monga kuphwanya, kuda, kusintha, ndi zina;

“Mverani” ndikumvetsera ngati phokoso la ntchito ndilabwino, monga zinthu zina siziyenera kukhala mphete, kulira sikulira kapena mawuwo si abwinobwino;

“Fungo” ndikuwunika ngati pali fungo, monga fungo loyaka, capacitor electrolyte kukoma, kwa odziwa ntchito zamagetsi, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kununkhira uku;

“Touch” is to use the hand to test whether the temperature of the device is normal, such as too hot, or too cold.

Zida zina zamagetsi, zikamagwira ntchito, kutentha, ngati kuli kozizira mpaka kukhudza, mutha kuweruza kuti sizikugwira ntchito. Koma ngati kukutentha komwe sikuyenera kukhala kapena kutentha kwambiri komwe kuyenera kukhala, sizabwino. General power triode, voltage regulator chip, etc., working in 70 degrees is completely no problem. Kodi madigiri 70 amatanthauza chiyani? If you can hold your hand on it for more than three seconds, the temperature is probably below 70 degrees (be careful not to burn your hand).