Isikhathi sokunaka eminye imininingwane ekutholeni i- PCB ibhodi, Ukulungiselela kangcono ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lapho uzingela PCB ibhodi, kufanele sinake okulandelayo 9 ingqondo.

1. Akuvunyelwe neze ukusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola egxilile ukuxhumana ne-TV ebukhoma, umsindo, ividiyo neminye imishini epuletini elingezansi ukuthola ibhodi le-PCB ngaphandle kwe-transformer yokuzihlukanisa.

Ungahloli ngqo amadivayisi we-TV, alalelwayo, nevidiyo ngaphandle kwama-transformer wokuhlukaniswa kwamandla namadivayisi abekiwe. Yize imvamisa irekhoda inamandla okuguqula amandla, lapho ivezwa kumandla wokukhipha akhethekile ikakhulukazi noma amakhulu ohlobo lokuphakelwa kwamandla ayazi okuningi nge-TV noma imishini yesitiriyo, okokuqala yenza kucace ukuthi isisu semishini sikhokhisiwe, kungenjalo kulula kakhulu futhi kuphansi Ithelevishini, umsindo kanye neminye imishini yokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kagesi, isatshalaliswa kwisekethe ehlanganisiwe, ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo.

2. Naka ukusebenza kokufakwa kwensimbi kagesi okunamathisela ngomthofu lapho uzingela ibhodi le-PCB

Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-soldering iron ngamandla aphilayo. Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-soldering iron ayiphili, kungcono ukugaya igobolondo lensimbi le-soldering. Isifunda se-MOS kufanele siqaphele kakhulu, futhi kuphephile ukusebenzisa i-low-voltage circuit iron iron ne-6-8V.

3. Ngaphambi kokuthola ibhodi le-PCB, kufanele siqonde umgomo wokusebenza wesifunda esihlanganisiwe nesekethe ehlobene

Ngaphambi kokubheka nokulungisa amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, kufanele siqale sijwayelane nemisebenzi yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe, amasekethe angaphakathi, imingcele eyinhloko kagesi, indima yepini ngayinye namandla kagesi ajwayelekile, ifomu lokuphakanyiswa kwephini kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wesifunda esakhiwe ngomngcele izingxenye. Uma lezi zimo zikhona, ukuhlaziywa nokuhlolwa kulula kakhulu.

I-4, ibhodi yokuhlola ye-PCB ayibangeli isifunda esifushane phakathi kwezikhonkwane

Isilinganiso sevoltage noma i-oscilloscope probe testformform, ipeni noma iphenyo ayibangeli isifunda esifushane phakathi kwezikhonkwane zesekethe elihlanganisiwe ngenxa yokuhamba, kungcono ukuxhumana ngqo nezikhonkwane zesifunda sokuphrinta somngcele sokulinganisa. Noma isiphi isifunda esifushane ngokushesha singalimaza kalula isekethe Ehlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe lapho kuhlolwa amasekethe ahlanganisiwe we-CMOS ahlanganisiwe.

5, detection PCB board test instrument internal resistance should be large

Lapho ulinganisa i-voltage ye-DC yezikhonkwane zamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, sebenzisa i-multimeter ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi kukhulu kuno-20K ω / V; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba namaphutha amakhulu wokulinganisa kweminye imithwalo yamaphini.

6. Naka ukushabalalisa ukushisa kwamandla okuhlanganiswa kwamandla lapho uzingela ibhodi le-PCB

Power integrated circuits should have good heat dissipation and should not be allowed to work in a high power state without heat sink.

7, ukutholwa kwebhodi le-PCB kufanele kube nengqondo

Uma kunesidingo sokwengeza izinto ezisemaphethelweni ukufaka esikhundleni ingxenye eyonakele ngaphakathi kwesekethe elihlanganisiwe, kufanele kukhethwe izinto ezincane, futhi izintambo kufanele zibe nengqondo ukugwema ukuhlangana kwezinambuzane okungadingekile, ikakhulukazi ukubhekana nokuphela kwesisekelo phakathi kwesikhulisi esihlanganisiwe se-audio amplifier isifunda se-preamplifier.

8. Qinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-welding yebhodi le-PCB

Lapho i-welding i-welding ngempela, ukuqoqwa kwe-solder nama-pores kulula ukudala i-welding ebonakalayo. Isikhathi sokushisela ngokuvamile asikho ngaphezu kwemizuzwana emi-3, futhi amandla wensimbi oku-soldering cishe angama-25W. Isifunda esihlanganisiwe sishiselwe ukubheka ngokucophelela, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ohmmeter ukukala ukuthi ngabe kukhona isifunda esifushane phakathi kwezikhonkwane, akuqinisekisi ukuthi kunesimo sokunamathela kwe-solder bese uvula amandla kagesi.

9, ukutholwa kwebhodi le-PCB akutholeli kalula ukulimala kwesekethe elihlanganisiwe

Do not easily judge that the integrated circuit is damaged. Ngoba iningi lamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe ngqo, uma isekethe lingavamile, kungaholela ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi amaningi, futhi lezi zinguquko akubangelwa ukulimala kwesekethe elihlanganisiwe, futhi kwezinye izimo, amandla wephini alinganisiwe iyahambisana noma isondele kunani elijwayelekile, kungenzeka ingakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi isekethe elihlanganisiwe lilungile. Ngoba amanye amaphutha athambile awabangeli izinguquko kumandla we-DC.

PCB board debugging method

Okwebhodi elisha le-PCB elisanda kubuyiselwa emuva, kufanele siqale ngokugcina ukuthi kunezinkinga yini ebhodini, njengokuthi kunemifantu esobala, noma ngabe kukhona isifunda esifushane, isekethe evulekile nezinye izinto. If necessary, check that the resistance between the power supply and the ground is large enough.

Kwibhodi lesifunda elisanda kwaklanywa, ukulungisa iphutha kuvame ukuhlangabezana nobunzima obuthile, ikakhulukazi lapho ibhodi likhulu, izingxenye eziningi, imvamisa zingazi ukuthi zizoqala kanjani. Kepha uma ufunda kahle indlela yokulungisa iphutha, ukulungisa iphutha kuzothola umphumela ophindwe kabili ngomzamo oyingxenye.

Inqubo yokulungisa iphutha yebhodi le-PCB

1. For the new PCB board just brought back, we should first roughly observe whether there are problems on the board, such as whether there are obvious cracks, whether there are short circuits, open circuits and other phenomena. If necessary, check that the resistance between the power supply and the ground is large enough.

2, bese izingxenye zokufaka. Amamojula azimele, uma ungaqinisekisi ukuthi asebenza kahle, kungcono ukungazifaki zonke, kepha ingxenye yokufaka (yamasekethe amancane, ingafakwa ngasikhathi sinye), ukuze kube lula ukuthola iphutha range, ukuze kuthi lapho uhlangabezana nezinkinga, ungazi ukuthi uzoqala kanjani.

Generally speaking, you can install the power supply part first, and then check whether the power supply output voltage is normal. Uma ungaqiniseki kakhulu uma uvula (noma ngabe ukhona, uyelulekwa ukuthi ungeze i-fuse, uma kungenzeka), ungacabanga ukusebenzisa i-voltage regulator ngomsebenzi okhawulelwe wamanje.

Okokuqala setha ukuvikelwa kwamanje, bese inani lamandla ombane womlawuli linyuka kancane, futhi liqaphe okokufaka kwamanje, amandla wokufaka namandla okukhipha. If no overcurrent protection occurs and the output voltage is normal, the power supply is OK. Ngaphandle kwalokho, nqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla, thola iphutha, bese uphinda lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla kuze kube yilapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kujwayelekile.

3, bese ufaka kancane kancane amanye amamojula, kufakwa imodyuli ngayinye, amandla esivivinyweni, amandla ngokuya ngalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, ukuvikela ukwedlula ngokweqile nokushisa izingxenye ngenxa yamaphutha wedizayini noma amaphutha wokufaka.

Thola isisombululo sebhodi le-PCB elingalungile

1. Linganisa i-voltage ukuthola ibhodi le-PCB elingalungile

Into yokuqala yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe amandla wephini yamandla we-chip ajwayelekile yini, bese ubheka ukuthi ngabe zonke izinhlobo zamandla wereferensi ajwayelekile yini nokuthi amandla okusebenza kwephoyinti ngalinye ajwayelekile yini. Isibonelo, i-silicon triode ejwayelekile, isibonelo, izoba namandla we-BE junction voltage azungeze u-0.7V kanye ne-CE junction voltage ezungeze u-0.3V noma ngaphansi. Uma i-triode inamandla we-BE junction voltage amakhulu kune-0.7V (ngaphandle kwama-triode akhethekile anjengezinsimbi ze-Darlington), i-BE junction ingavuleka.

2, isignali yokujova indlela yokuthola ibhodi le-PCB elinephutha

Add the signal source to the input end, and then measure the waveform of each point in turn to see whether it is normal to find the fault point. Kwesinye isikhathi sizophinda sisebenzise indlela elula, njengokuphatha i-tweezer ukuthinta i-terminal input kuwo wonke amazinga ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukusabela esikhungweni sokukhipha, esivame ukusetshenziswa kumasekhethi we-audio nevidiyo (kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela ayinakusetshenziswa kumasekethe anezingqimba ezishisayo noma amasekethe aphezulu, kungenjalo kungaholela ekushayweni ugesi). Uma kungekho ukusabela ngaphambi kokuthinta, futhi kukhona ukusabela ngemuva kokuthinta, kukhombisa ukuthi inkinga isezingeni langaphambilini, kufanele igxile ekuhlolweni.

3. Ezinye izindlela zokuthola amabhodi e-PCB anephutha

There are many other ways to find trouble spots, such as seeing, hearing, smelling, and touching.

“Bheka” ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukulimala okusobala kwemishini ezingxenyeni, njengokuqhekeka, ukumnyama, ukusonteka, njll .;

“Lalela” ukulalela ukuthi umsindo womsebenzi ujwayelekile yini, njengokuthi ezinye izinto akufanele zikhale eringini, iringi ayikhali noma umsindo awujwayelekile;

“Ukuhogela” ukubheka ukuthi kunephunga yini, njengephunga lokusha, i-capacitor electrolyte ukunambitheka, kwabasebenzi abanesipiliyoni bokugcinwa kwe-elekthronikhi, kuzwela kakhulu kula maphunga;

“Touch” is to use the hand to test whether the temperature of the device is normal, such as too hot, or too cold.

Amanye amadivayisi kagesi, lapho esebenza, ashisa, uma kubanda ukuthinta, ngokuyisisekelo ungahlulela ukuthi awusebenzi. But if it’s hot where it shouldn’t be or too hot where it should be, that’s no good. General power triode, voltage regulator chip, etc., working in 70 degrees is completely no problem. Ngabe ama-degree angama-70 asho ukuthini? If you can hold your hand on it for more than three seconds, the temperature is probably below 70 degrees (be careful not to burn your hand).