Lokacin da injiniyoyin lantarki ke aiwatar da aikin juyawa ko gyaran kayan lantarki, da farko suna buƙatar fahimtar alaƙar alaƙa tsakanin abubuwan da ba a sani ba. buga kewaye hukumar (PCB), don haka alakar haɗin kai tsakanin fil ɗin da ke kan PCB yana buƙatar aunawa da yin rikodin.

Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce canza multimeter zuwa fayil ɗin “short-circuit buzzer”, yi amfani da gwajin gwaji guda biyu don auna haɗin tsakanin fil ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sa’an nan kuma da hannu rikodin matsayi na kunnawa / kashe tsakanin “pin nau’i-nau’i”. Don samun cikakken saitin haɗin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin duk “pin nau’i-nau’i”, dole ne a tsara gwajin “pin nau’i-nau’i” bisa ga ka’idar haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da adadin abubuwan da aka gyara da fil a kan PCB ya yi girma, adadin “pin nau’i-nau’i” da ake buƙatar auna zai zama babba. Babu shakka, idan an yi amfani da hanyoyin da hannu don wannan aikin, aikin ma’auni, rikodin rikodi da karantawa za su yi girma sosai. Bugu da ƙari, daidaiton ma’auni yana da ƙasa. Kamar yadda muka sani, a lokacin da resistive impedance tsakanin biyu mita alkalama na wani general multimeter ya kai game da 20 ohms, da buzzer har yanzu sauti, wanda aka nuna a matsayin hanya.

Don inganta ma’aunin ma’auni, wajibi ne a yi ƙoƙari don gane ma’auni ta atomatik, rikodi da daidaitawa na bangaren “pin pair”. Don wannan karshen, marubucin ya tsara na’urar gano hanyar da microcontroller ke sarrafawa azaman na’urar gano ƙarshen gaba, kuma ya tsara software mai ƙarfi mai kewayawa don sarrafa ƙarshen ƙarshen don haɗawa tare da ma’aunin atomatik da rikodin alaƙar hanyar tsakanin fil ɗin abubuwan. na PCB. . Wannan labarin ya fi tattauna ra’ayoyin ƙira da fasaha na ma’aunin atomatik ta hanyar da’irar gano hanya.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don aunawa ta atomatik shine haɗa fil ɗin abin da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji zuwa da’irar ganowa. Don haka, na’urar ganowa tana da kawuna masu aunawa da yawa, waɗanda ake fitar da su ta hanyar igiyoyi. Ana iya haɗa kawunan aunawa zuwa na’urorin gwaji daban-daban don kafa haɗin kai tare da fil ɗin abubuwan. Shugaban aunawa Adadin fil yana ƙayyade adadin fil ɗin da aka haɗa zuwa da’irar ganowa a cikin tsari ɗaya. Sa’an nan, a ƙarƙashin ikon shirin, mai ganowa zai haɗa da “pin nau’i-nau’i” da aka gwada a cikin hanyar auna daya bayan daya bisa ga ka’idar haɗin gwiwa. A cikin hanyar aunawa, ana nuna matsayin kunnawa / kashewa tsakanin “pin pairs” kamar ko akwai juriya tsakanin fil ɗin, kuma hanyar auna tana jujjuya shi zuwa wutar lantarki, ta haka ana yin la’akari da alaƙar kunnawa da kashewa tsakanin su da yin rikodin shi.

Domin ba da damar da’irar ganowa don zaɓar fil daban-daban a jere daga yawancin kawunan aunawa da aka haɗa da fil ɗin abubuwan don aunawa bisa ga ka’idar haɗin gwiwa, ana iya saita tsarar canji mai dacewa, kuma ana iya buɗe maɓalli daban-daban ta hanyar rufewa. shirin don canza bangaren fil. Shigar da hanyar auna don samun alaƙar kunnawa/kashe. Tunda aunawa shine adadin ƙarfin lantarki na analog, yakamata a yi amfani da na’urar multixer ta analog don ƙirƙirar tsarar juyawa. Hoto 1 yana nuna ra’ayin yin amfani da tsararriyar canjin analog don canza fil ɗin da aka gwada.

An nuna ka’idar ƙira ta da’irar ganowa a cikin Hoto 2. An tsara nau’i-nau’i biyu na masu sauya analog a cikin kwalaye biyu na I da II a cikin adadi a cikin nau’i-nau’i: I-1 da II-1, I-2 da II-2. . . . . ., Ⅰ-N da Ⅱ-N. Ko an rufe maɓallan analog da yawa ko a’a ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar shirin ta hanyar da’irar yanke hukunci da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1. A cikin maɓallan analog guda biyu I da II, sauyawa ɗaya kawai za a iya rufe a lokaci guda. Misali, don gano ko akwai alakar hanya tsakanin auna kai 1 da auna kai 2, rufe ma’aunin I-1 da II-2, sannan a samar da hanyar auna tsakanin maki A da kasa ta hanyar auna kai 1 da 2. Idan ta hanya ce, Sai wutar lantarki a maki A VA=0; idan ya bude, to VA>0. Ƙimar VA shine tushen yin hukunci ko akwai hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ma’auni na 1 da 2. Ta wannan hanyar, dangantakar kunnawa / kashewa tsakanin duk fil ɗin da aka haɗa da kan ma’auni za a iya auna shi nan take bisa ga ka’idar haɗin gwiwa. Tun da ana aiwatar da wannan tsarin ma’auni tsakanin fil ɗin ɓangaren da aka manne ta wurin gwajin gwajin, marubucin ya kira shi ma’aunin in-clamp.

Idan fil ɗin ɓangaren ba za a iya matse shi ba, dole ne a auna shi da gubar gwaji. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2, haɗa jagorar gwaji ɗaya zuwa tashar analog kuma ɗayan zuwa ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ana iya yin ma’aunin idan dai an rufe maɓallin sarrafawa I-1, wanda ake kira ma’aunin alƙalami. Hakanan za’a iya amfani da da’irar da aka nuna a hoto na 2 don kammala ma’auni tsakanin duk fitilun madauri na kan ma’auni da fitilun da ba za a ɗaure su ba da alƙalamin mitar ƙasa ya taɓa nan take. A wannan lokacin, ya zama dole don sarrafa rufewar na’urori na No. I a bi da bi, kuma kullun na Route II suna katsewa koyaushe. Ana iya kiran wannan tsarin ma’aunin ma’aunin alƙalami. Wutar lantarki da aka auna, a ka’idar, yakamata ya zama kewayawa lokacin VA = 0, kuma ya zama buɗaɗɗen kewayawa lokacin VA> 0, kuma ƙimar VA ta bambanta da ƙimar juriya tsakanin tashoshin ma’aunin biyu. Duk da haka, tun da analog multiplexer da kansa yana da RON maras kyau a kan juriya, ta wannan hanyar, bayan an kafa hanyar aunawa, idan hanya ce, VA ba ta daidai da 0 ba, amma daidai yake da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki akan RON. Tun da manufar ma’auni shine kawai sanin dangantakar kunnawa / kashewa, babu buƙatar auna takamaiman ƙimar VA. Don haka, ya zama dole kawai a yi amfani da na’urar kwatanta irin ƙarfin lantarki don kwatanta ko VA ta fi ƙarfin juzu’in RON. Saita ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙima na mai kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki ya zama daidai da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki akan RON. Fitar da ma’aunin wutar lantarki shine sakamakon aunawa, wanda shine adadi na dijital wanda microcontroller zai iya karantawa kai tsaye.

Ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki

Gwaje-gwaje sun gano cewa RON yana da bambance-bambancen mutum kuma yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi. Don haka, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙofar da za a lodawa yana buƙatar saita shi daban tare da rufaffiyar tashar sauyawa ta analog. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar shirya mai sauya D/A.

Za’a iya amfani da kewayar da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2 don sauƙin ƙayyade bayanan ƙofar, hanyar ita ce kunna nau’i-nau’i I-1, II-1; I-2, II-2; …; IN, II-N; form Path loop, bayan an rufe kowane nau’i-nau’i guda biyu, aika lamba zuwa mai canza D/A, lambar da aka aiko tana ƙaruwa daga ƙarami zuwa babba, kuma auna fitar da wutar lantarki a wannan lokacin. Lokacin da fitarwa na lantarki comparator ya canza daga 1 zuwa 0 , Bayanan a wannan lokacin yayi daidai da VA. Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya auna VA na kowane tashoshi, wato, raguwar ƙarfin lantarki akan RON lokacin da aka rufe nau’i-nau’i. Don madaidaicin madaidaicin analog multiplexers, bambancin mutum a cikin RON kaɗan ne, don haka rabin VA da aka auna ta atomatik ana iya ƙididdige su azaman daidaitattun bayanan ƙarfin lantarki akan RON na maɓallan biyu. Bayanan ƙima na canjin analog.

Saitin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi

Yi amfani da bayanan ƙofar da aka auna a sama don gina tebur. Lokacin aunawa a cikin matsi, fitar da bayanan da suka dace daga tebur bisa ga lambobi na rufaffiyar maɓalli guda biyu, sa’annan ku aika jimlar su zuwa mai sauya D/A don samar da wutar lantarki na kofa. Don ma’aunin faifan alƙalami da ma’aunin alƙalami, saboda hanyar aunawa kawai ta wuce ta hanyar canjin analog na No. I, ana buƙatar bayanan kofa guda ɗaya kawai.

Bugu da kari, saboda kewaye da kanta (D/A Converter, voltage comparator, da dai sauransu) yana da kurakurai, kuma akwai juriya na tuntuɓar tsakanin na’urar gwajin da kuma fil ɗin da aka gwada a lokacin ma’auni na ainihi, ainihin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi ya kamata ya kasance a cikin bakin kofa. ƙaddara bisa ga hanyar da ke sama. Ƙara adadin gyare-gyare a kan tushe, don kada a yi kuskuren hanyar a matsayin budewa. Amma ƙãra ƙarfin wutar lantarki zai mamaye ƙananan juriya, wato, ƙananan juriya tsakanin fil biyu ana yin hukunci a matsayin hanya, don haka ya kamata a zaɓi adadin gyaran wutar lantarki mai dacewa bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje, da’irar ganowa na iya ƙayyade juriya daidai tsakanin fil biyu tare da ƙimar juriya fiye da 5 ohms, kuma daidaiton sa yana da girma fiye da na multimeter.

Yawancin lokuta na musamman na sakamakon aunawa

Tasirin capacitance

Lokacin da aka haɗa capacitor tsakanin fil ɗin da aka gwada, ya kamata ya kasance cikin dangantaka mai buɗewa, amma hanyar auna tana cajin capacitor lokacin da aka rufe, kuma ma’aunin ma’aunin biyu kamar hanya ne. A wannan lokacin, sakamakon ma’aunin da aka karanta daga ma’aunin wutar lantarki shine hanya. Don irin wannan nau’in al’amuran karya ta hanyar capacitance, ana iya amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu masu zuwa don warwarewa: yadda ya kamata a ƙara yawan ma’auni don rage lokacin caji, ta yadda tsarin caji ya ƙare kafin karanta sakamakon auna; ƙara duba hanyoyin gaskiya da na ƙarya zuwa software na auna Sashin shirin (duba sashe na 5).

Tasirin inductance

Idan an haɗa inductor tsakanin fil ɗin da aka gwada, ya kamata ya kasance cikin dangantaka mai buɗewa, amma tunda juriya na inductor kadan ne, sakamakon da aka auna tare da multimeter koyaushe hanya ce. Sabanin yanayin ma’aunin capacitance, a daidai lokacin da aka rufe na’urar analog ɗin, akwai ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo saboda inductance. Ta wannan hanyar, za a iya yin hukunci da inductance daidai ta hanyar amfani da halayen saurin saye da sauri na da’irar ganowa. Amma wannan ya saba wa ma’aunin da ake buƙata na capacitance.

Tasirin jitter canji na analog

A cikin ma’auni na ainihi, an gano cewa canjin analog yana da tsari mai tsayi daga yanayin budewa zuwa yanayin da aka rufe, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin canjin wutar lantarki na VA, wanda ya sa ‘yan ma’auni na farko ba su dace ba. A saboda wannan dalili, wajibi ne a yi hukunci da sakamakon hanyar sau da yawa kuma jira sakamakon auna ya kasance daidai. Tabbatar daga baya.

Tabbatarwa da rikodin sakamakon ma’auni

Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayi daban-daban na sama, don dacewa da abubuwa daban-daban da aka gwada, ana amfani da toshe zane na shirin software wanda aka nuna a hoto na 3 don tabbatarwa da rikodin sakamakon auna.