Akatswiri opanga zamagetsi akapanga zinthu zosinthira kapena kukonza zida zamagetsi, choyamba ayenera kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zomwe sizikudziwika. bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB), kotero ubale wolumikizana pakati pa zikhomo pa PCB uyenera kuyesedwa ndikujambulidwa.

Njira yosavuta ndiyo kusinthira multimeter ku fayilo ya “short-circuit buzzer”, gwiritsani ntchito njira ziwiri zoyesera kuti muyese kugwirizana pakati pa zikhomo chimodzi ndi chimodzi, kenako lembani pamanja pa / off pakati pa “ma pin pairs”. Kuti tipeze mgwirizano wathunthu wa mgwirizano pakati pa “ma pin pair” onse, “ma pin pairs” oyesedwa ayenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi mfundo ya kuphatikiza. Pamene chiwerengero cha zigawo ndi zikhomo pa PCB ndi yaikulu, chiwerengero cha “mapini awiriawiri” ayenera kuyeza adzakhala Idzakhala yaikulu. Mwachiwonekere, ngati njira zamanja zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yoyezera, kujambula ndi kuwerengera kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Komanso, kuyeza kwake kumakhala kochepa. Monga tonse tikudziwira, kutsekereza kopingasa pakati pa zolembera zamamita ziwiri za multimeter yayikulu kumakhala pafupifupi 20 ohms, buzzer imamvekabe, yomwe imawonetsedwa ngati njira.

Kuti muwongolere bwino kuyeza, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuzindikira kuyeza, kujambula ndi kusanja kwa gawo la “pin pair”. Kuti izi zitheke, wolemba adapanga chojambulira njira chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi microcontroller ngati chipangizo chakutsogolo, ndipo adapanga pulogalamu yamphamvu yoyeserera yoyeserera kumbuyo kuti azindikire molumikizana kuyeza ndi kujambula kwa ubale wanjira pakati pa zikhomo. ku PCB. . Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kwambiri malingaliro apangidwe ndi ukadaulo woyezera wodziwikiratu ndi dera lozindikira njira.

Chofunikira pakuyezera kodziwikiratu ndikulumikiza zikhomo za gawo lomwe likuyesedwa ndi dera lozindikira. Pachifukwa ichi, chipangizo chodziwikiratu chimakhala ndi mitu ingapo yoyezera, yomwe imatsogozedwa ndi zingwe. Mitu yoyezera imatha kulumikizidwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyeserera kuti akhazikitse kulumikizana ndi zikhomo zagawo. Mutu woyezera Chiwerengero cha zikhomo chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zikhomo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dera lodziwika mu batch lomwelo. Kenako, motsogozedwa ndi pulogalamuyi, chowunikiracho chidzaphatikiza “mapini awiriawiri” oyesedwa munjira yoyezera imodzi ndi imodzi molingana ndi mfundo yophatikiza. Munjira yoyezera, mawonekedwe a on/off pakati pa “ma pin pairs” akuwonetsedwa ngati pali kukana pakati pa ma pini, ndipo njira yoyezera imasinthira kukhala voteji, potero kuweruza ubale wa on/off pakati pawo ndi kujambula.

Pofuna kuti dera lodziwikiratu lisankhe zikhomo zosiyanasiyana motsatizana kuchokera pamitu yambiri yoyezera yolumikizidwa ndi zikhomo zachigawo kuti ziyesedwe molingana ndi mfundo yophatikizira, gulu lofananira losinthira likhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo masinthidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kutsegulidwa / kutsekedwa ndi pulogalamu kusintha chigawo zikhomo. Lowetsani njira yoyezera kuti mupeze ubale woyatsa/wozimitsa. Popeza kuyeza ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi a analogi, chochulukitsa cha analogi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga masinthidwe osiyanasiyana. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe a analogi kusintha pini yoyesedwa.

Mfundo yopangira dera lodziwikiratu ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. Magawo awiri a kusintha kwa analogi m’mabokosi awiri I ndi II mu chithunzicho amapangidwa awiriawiri: I-1 ndi II-1, I-2 ndi II-2. . .. . ., Ⅰ-N ndi Ⅱ-N. Kaya masiwichi ambiri a analoji atsekedwa kapena ayi akuyendetsedwa ndi pulogalamuyo kudzera mu dera lojambula zithunzi lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Muzitsulo ziwiri za analoji I ndi II, kusintha kumodzi kokha kungatsekedwe nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwone ngati pali mgwirizano wa njira pakati pa kuyeza mutu 1 ndi mutu woyezera 2, tsekani masiwichi I-1 ndi II-2, ndikupanga njira yoyezera pakati pa mfundo A ndi nthaka kupyolera mu kuyeza mitu 1 ndi 2. Ngati izo ndi njira, Ndiye voteji pamalo A VA = 0; ngati ili lotseguka, ndiye VA>0. Phindu la VA ndilo maziko owonetsera ngati pali mgwirizano wa njira pakati pa mitu yoyezera 1 ndi 2. Mwa njira iyi, mgwirizano wa / off pakati pa zikhomo zonse zogwirizanitsidwa ndi mutu woyezera ukhoza kuyesedwa nthawi yomweyo malinga ndi kuphatikiza mfundo. Popeza kuti kuyeza uku kumachitika pakati pa zikhomo za chigawo chomangidwa ndi mayeso oyeserera, wolemba amachitcha muyeso wa-clamp.

Ngati pini ya chigawocho sichingamangidwe, iyenera kuyesedwa ndi chiwongolero choyesera. Monga momwe chithunzi 2 chikusonyezera, gwirizanitsani mayeso amodzi ku njira ya analogi ndi ena pansi. Panthawiyi, muyeso ukhoza kuchitidwa malinga ngati cholembera chowongolera I-1 chatsekedwa, chomwe chimatchedwa muyeso wa cholembera. Dera lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 litha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kumaliza muyeso pakati pa zikhomo zonse zolimba za mutu woyezera ndi zikhomo zosatsekeka zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi cholembera cha mita pompopompo. Panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kuyang’anira kutseka kwa zosintha za No. Inenso, ndipo Kusintha kwa Njira II nthawi zonse kumachotsedwa. Njira yoyezera iyi imatha kutchedwa kuyeza kwa cholembera. Mpweya woyezedwa, mongoyerekeza, uyenera kukhala wozungulira pamene VA = 0, ndipo uyenera kukhala dera lotseguka pamene VA> 0, ndipo mtengo wa VA umasiyana ndi kukana pakati pa njira ziwiri zoyezera. Komabe, popeza multiplexer analogi palokha ali sanali negligible pa-kukana RON, motere, pambuyo muyeso njira aumbike, ngati njira, VA si wofanana 0, koma wofanana voteji dontho pa RON. Popeza cholinga cha muyeso ndikungodziwa ubale wa on/off, palibe chifukwa choyezera mtengo wa VA. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito comparator yamagetsi kuyerekeza ngati VA ndi yayikulu kuposa kutsika kwamagetsi pa RON. Khazikitsani mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kuti ikhale yofanana ndi kutsika kwamagetsi pa RON. Kutulutsa kwa voliyumu comparator ndiye zotsatira zoyezera, zomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa digito komwe kumatha kuwerengedwa mwachindunji ndi microcontroller.

Kutsimikiza kwa magetsi apakati

Zoyeserera zapeza kuti RON ili ndi kusiyana kwapayekha ndipo imagwirizananso ndi kutentha kozungulira. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe iyenera kukwezedwa iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosiyana ndi njira yotseka ya analogi. Izi zitha kutheka pokonza chosinthira cha D/A.

Dera lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti lizindikire mosavuta zidziwitso zolowera pakhomo, njirayo ndikuyatsa ma switch awiriawiri I-1, II-1; I-2, II-2; …; MU, II-N; mawonekedwe Path loop, pambuyo pa awiri awiri a masiwichi atsekedwa, tumizani nambala ku converter ya D / A, ndipo nambala yotumizidwa ikuwonjezeka kuchokera ku yaying’ono mpaka yaikulu, ndikuyesa zotsatira za comparator voteji panthawiyi. Pamene linanena bungwe la voteji comparator kusintha kuchokera 1 mpaka 0 , Deta panthawiyi ikufanana ndi VA. Mwanjira iyi, VA ya njira iliyonse imatha kuyeza, ndiko kuti, kutsika kwamagetsi pa RON pomwe ma switch atsekedwa. Kwa ma multiplexer olondola kwambiri a analogi, kusiyana kwapayekha kwa RON kumakhala kochepa, kotero theka la VA lodziwikiratu ndi dongosolo likhoza kuwerengedwa ngati deta yofananira ya dontho la voteji pa RON yamagulu awiriwo. Dongosolo la kusintha kwa analogi.

Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa voltage

Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe zayesedwa pamwambapa kuti mupange tebulo. Mukayesa muzitsulo, tulutsani deta yofananira patebulo molingana ndi manambala a ma switch awiri otsekedwa, ndipo tumizani ndalama zawo ku D / A converter kuti apange magetsi olowera pakhomo. Kwa cholembera cholembera muyeso ndi cholembera cholembera, chifukwa njira yoyezera imangodutsa pakusintha kwa analogi ya No.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa dera lomwelo (D/A converter, voliyumu comparator, ndi zina zotero) lili ndi zolakwika, ndipo pali kukana kulumikizana pakati pa choyeserera ndi pini yoyesedwa pakuyezera kwenikweni, voteji yeniyeni yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito iyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire. anatsimikiza malinga ndi njira pamwamba. Onjezani kuchuluka kowongolera pamaziko, kuti musaganize molakwika njira ngati dera lotseguka. Koma voteji yowonjezereka idzagonjetsa kukana kwazing’ono, ndiko kuti, kukana pang’ono pakati pa zikhomo ziwirizo kumayesedwa ngati njira, kotero kuti kuwongolera voteji kumayenera kusankhidwa moyenerera malinga ndi momwe zilili. Kupyolera muzoyesera, dera lodziwikiratu likhoza kudziwa molondola kukana pakati pa zikhomo ziwiri zomwe zili ndi mtengo wotsutsa kuposa 5 ohms, ndipo kulondola kwake ndikwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa multimeter.

Zotsatira zingapo zapadera zoyezera

Chikoka cha capacitance

Pamene capacitor imagwirizanitsidwa pakati pa zikhomo zoyesedwa, ziyenera kukhala paubwenzi wotseguka, koma njira yoyezera imalipira capacitor pamene chosinthira chatsekedwa, ndipo mfundo ziwiri zoyezera zimakhala ngati njira. Panthawiyi, zotsatira zoyezera zomwe zimawerengedwa kuchokera ku comparator yamagetsi ndi njira. Kwa mtundu uwu wa zochitika zabodza zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi capacitance, njira ziwiri zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa: moyenerera kuonjezera muyeso wamakono kuti mufupikitse nthawi yolipiritsa, kotero kuti ndondomeko yowonjezera imatha musanawerenge zotsatira zoyezera; onjezani kuwunika kwa njira zowona ndi zabodza ku pulogalamu yoyezera Gawo la pulogalamu (onani gawo 5).

Mphamvu ya inductance

Ngati inductor imalumikizidwa pakati pa zikhomo zoyesedwa, ziyenera kukhala paubwenzi wotseguka, koma popeza kukana kwa static kwa inductor kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, zotsatira zake zoyesedwa ndi multimeter nthawi zonse zimakhala njira. Mosiyana ndi muyeso wa capacitance, panthawi yomwe kusintha kwa analoji kutsekedwa, pali mphamvu ya electromotive yochititsa chidwi chifukwa cha inductance. Mwanjira iyi, inductance imatha kuweruzidwa moyenera pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a liwiro lopeza mwachangu la dera lozindikira. Koma izi zikutsutsana ndi kufunikira kwa kuyeza kwa capacitance.

Mphamvu ya analogi switch jitter

Muyeso yeniyeni, imapezeka kuti kusintha kwa analogi kumakhala ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika kuchokera kumalo otseguka kupita kumalo otsekedwa, omwe amawonekera ngati kusinthasintha kwa voteji VA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zoyamba zoyezera zikhale zosagwirizana. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuweruza zotsatira za njirayo kangapo ndikudikirira kuti zotsatira za kuyeza zikhale zogwirizana. Tsimikizani pambuyo pake.

Kutsimikizira ndi kujambula zotsatira zoyezera

Poganizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kuti mugwirizane ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyesedwa, pulogalamu ya block block yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira ndi kulemba zotsatira za muyeso.