Yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi matambudziko akaoma uye mhinduro

Mubvunzo: Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro pevashori vanopokana, panofanira kunge paine vamwe vanopikisa vane mashandiro avo chaizvo izvo zvatinotarisira. Chii chinoitika kurwisa kwechikamu chetambo?
A: Mamiriro acho akasiyana. Zvichida iwe urikureva kune tambo kana inoitisa bhendi mune yakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi inoshanda sewaya. Sezvo nzvimbo-tembiricha superconductors isati yavapo, chero huremu hwesimbi waya inoshanda seyepasi-kuramba resistor (iyo inoshandawo se capacitor uye inductor), uye mhedzisiro yayo padunhu inofanirwa kutariswa.
2. Mubvunzo: Kuramba kwetambo yemhangura ipfupi mune diki yechiratidzo hakufanirwe kuve kwakakosha?
A: ngatitarisei ye16-bit ADC ine yekuisa impedance ye5k ω. Funga kuti tambo yemasaini kune iyo ADC yekuisa ine yakajairika yakadhindwa wedunhu bhodhi (0.038mm gobvu, 0.25mm yakafara) ine conductive bhendi re10cm pakureba. Iyo ine kushomeka kweinosvika 0.18 ω mukamuri tembiricha, inova shoma zvishoma pane 5K ω × 2 × 2-16 uye inogadzira kukanganisa kwekuwana kwe2LSB pazere degree.
Sezvineiwo, dambudziko iri rinogona kuderedzwa kana, sezvazviri, bhendi rinotungamira rePRINTED redunhu redunhu rakaitwa rakafara. Mumatunhu eanalogog, zvinowanzo sanganisira kushandisa bhendi rakakura, asi vagadziri vePCB (uye maPCB vagadziri) vanosarudza kushandisa hushoma bhendi upamhi kufambisa chiratidzo kuisirwa mutsetse. Mukupedzisa, zvakakosha kuti uverenge kushomeka kweiyo conductive bhendi uye woongorora basa rayo mumatambudziko ese anogona kuitika.
3. Q: Pane dambudziko here neiyo capacitance yeiyo conductive bhendi ine rakanyanya kukura upamhi uye simbi yakatetepa kuseri kwePRINTED redunhu bhodhi?
A: Mubvunzo mudiki. Kunyangwe capacitance kubva kune inoitisa bhendi yePRINTED redunhu bhodhi yakakosha (kunyangwe kune yakaderera-frequency maseketi, ayo anogona kuburitsa yakakwira-frequency parasite oscillations), inofanirwa kugara ichifungidzirwa kutanga. Kana iyi isiri iyo kesi, kunyangwe yakafara conductive bhendi ichiumba yakakura capacitance harisi dambudziko. Kana matambudziko akamuka, diki nzvimbo yepasi ndege inogona kubviswa kudzikisa iyo capacitance pasi.
Mubvunzo: Siya uyu mubvunzo kwechinguva! Ndeipi ndege yekumhara?
A: Kana yemhangura foil parutivi rwese rwePRINTED redunhu bhodhi (kana iyo yakazara interlayer ye multilayer yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi) inoshandiswa kugadzika, saka izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti ndege yekumisikidza. Chero waya yepasi inofanira kurongedzwa nediki diki inogoneka kuramba uye inductance. Kana sisitimu ikashandisa ndege yekumhara, kashoma kuti ikanganiswe neruzha rwepasi. Uye zvakare, iyo yekumisikidza ndege zvakare ine basa rekudzivirira uye kutonhora
Mubvunzo: Ndege yekumisikidza yataurwa pano yakaoma kune vagadziri, handiti?
A: Paive nemamwe matambudziko makore makumi maviri apfuura. Nhasi, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwe binder, solder kuramba uye tekinoroji yesimbi yekudhizaina mumapuraneti edhiraini, kugadzirwa kwenhandare yendege rave chiitiko chenguva dzose yemabhodhi wedunhu akadhindwa.
Mubvunzo: Iwe wakati mukana wekuburitsa system kune ruzha rwepasi uchishandisa ndege yepasi idiki kwazvo. Chii chinosara padambudziko repasi pasi risingakwanise kugadziriswa?
A: Dunhu rekutanga renzwi rine ruzha rine ndege yepasi, asi kuramba kwaro uye inductance hazvisi zero – kana kunze kwazvino sosi yakasimba zvakakwana, zvinokanganisa mamaki chaiwo. Dambudziko iri rinogona kudzikiswa nekunyatso rongedza mapuraneti edunhu akakwenenzverwa kuitira kuti yakakwira yazvino isayerere ichienda kunzvimbo dzinokanganisa magetsi emagetsi. Dzimwe nguva kutyora kana kutsemura mundege yepasi kunogona kutsausa hwaro hwenzvimbo huru kubva panzvimbo yakaoma, asi kumanikidza kushandura iyo ndege yepasi kunogona kutsausa chiratidzo kuti chiuye munzvimbo yakaoma, saka maitiro akadaro anofanira kushandiswa nehanya.
Mubvunzo: Ndinoziva sei kudonha kwemagetsi kunoitwa nendege?
A: kazhinji kudonha kwemagetsi kunogona kuyerwa, asi dzimwe nguva kuverenga kunogona kuitwa zvichienderana nekushomeka kwezvinhu zviri mundege yekumisikidza (zita rekuti 1 ounce remhangura rine kuramba kwe045m ω / □) uye kureba kweiyo conductive bhendi kuburikidza iyo yazvino inopfuura, kunyangwe kuverenga kunogona kuve kwakaomarara. Ma voltages ari mu dc kusvika pasi frequency (50kHz) renji inogona kuyerwa nema instrumentation amplifita senge AMP02 kana AD620.
Iyo yekuwedzera yekuwedzera yakaiswa pa1000 uye yakabatana neiyo oscilloscope ine kunzwisisika kwe5mV / div. Iyo yekuwedzeredza inogona kupihwa kubva kune imwecheteyo sosi sosi sedunhu riri pasi pekuyedzwa, kana kubva kune yayo simba sosi. Nekudaro, kana iyo gudzazwi yepasi yapatsanurwa kubva pasimba rayo remagetsi, iyo oscilloscope inofanira kunge yakabatana nesimba remagetsi wedunhu remagetsi rinoshandiswa.
Kuramba pakati pemamwe mapoinzi maviri mundege yepasi kunogona kuyerwa nekuwedzera chiongorori kumapoinzi maviri. Iko kusanganiswa kwekuwedzera gudziro uye oscilloscope senzwi inogonesa kuyerwa kwekuyera kusvika 5μV / div. Mheremhere kubva ku amplifera ichawedzera hupamhi hweiyo oscilloscope waveform curve neinenge 3μV, asi zvichiri kukwanisika kugadzirisa resolution ye1μV – inokwana kusiyanisa ruzha rwepasi kusvika pa80% kuvimba.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinofanira kucherechedzwa nezve iri pamusoro nzira bvunzo?
A: Chero ipi inoshandura simba remagineti inokonzeresa voltage pane yekuongorora probe, iyo inogona kuyedzwa nekupfupisa-kutenderedza ma probes kune mumwe nemumwe (uye kupa nzira yekutsauka kune kuramba pasi) nekucherechedza oscilloscope waveform. Iyo yakacherechedzwa AC waveform inokonzerwa neiyo induction uye inogona kudzikiswa nekuchinja chinzvimbo chemutobvu kana kuyedza kubvisa iyo magnetic field. Uye zvakare, zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti pasi peiyo gudzazwi yakabatana nekumisikidza sisitimu. Kana iyo gudzazwi iine kubatana uku hapana nzira yekutsauka yekudzora uye iyo gudzazwi haishande. Kugadzika kunofanirwa zvakare kuona kuti nzira yekumisikidza yakashandiswa haipindire nekuparadzirwa kwazvino kwedunhu riri pasi pekuyedzwa.
Mubvunzo: Ungayera sei ruzha rwakanyanya rwekutambisa ruzha?
A: Izvo zvakaoma kuyera hf pasi ruzha ine yakakodzera wideband zvishandiso gudzazwi, saka hf uye VHF passive probes akakodzera. Inosanganisira ferrite magnetic ring (yekunze dhayamita ye6 ~ 8mm) ine mairi maviri e6 ~ 10 anotendeuka imwe neimwe. Kuti ugadzire yakakwira-frequency yekuzviparadzanisa shanduri, imwe coil inosunganidzwa kune iyo yekuyera yekuongorora yekuisa uye imwe kune yekuongorora.
Iyo bvunzo nzira yakafanana neyepasi frequency kesi, asi iyo spectrum analyzer inoshandisa amplitude-frequency hunhu mamakureti anomiririra ruzha. Kusiyana nenguva yedome zvivakwa, sosi sosi dzinogona kusiyaniswa zviri nyore zvichibva pahunhu hwadzo. Uye zvakare, kunzwisisika kweiyo spectrum analyzer ingangoita 60dB yakakwira kupfuura iyo ye Broadband oscilloscope.
Mubvunzo: Ko nezve inductance ye waya?
A: Iyo inductance yevafambisi uye pcb conductive mabhendi haigone kufuratirwa pakakwirira mafambiro. Kuti uverenge iyo inductance yeiyo yakatwasuka waya uye ine conductive bhendi, maviri ekufungidzira anounzwa pano.
Semuenzaniso, inoitisa bhendi 1cm kureba uye 0.25mm yakafara ichaita inductance ye10nH.
Muimbi inductance = 0.0002LLN2LR-0.75 μH
Semuenzaniso, iyo inductance ye 1cm yakareba 0.5mm yekunze dhayamita waya iri 7.26nh (2R = 0.5mm, L = 1cm)
Inoitisa bhendi inductance = 0.0002LLN2LW + H + 0.2235W + HL + 0.5μH
Semuenzaniso, iyo inductance yeiyo 1cm yakafara 0.25mm yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi conductive bhendi iri 9.59nh (H = 0.038mm, W = 0.25mm, L = 1cm).
Nekudaro, iyo inductive reactance inowanzo kuve diki zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo parasitic flux uye inokonzeresa voltage yeiyo yakatemwa inductive dunhu. Nzvimbo yekurembera inofanirwa kudzikiswa nekuti iyo inofambiswa nemagetsi inoenderana nenzvimbo yechiuno. Izvi zviri nyore kuita kana wiring yakamonyaniswa-vaviri.
Mumapuraneti edunhu akadhinda, nzira dzekutungamira uye dzekudzoka dzinofanira kunge dziri pedyo pamwe chete. Shanduko diki diki dzewiring dzinodzikisira kukanganisa, ona sosi A yakabatanidzwa kune yakaderera simba chiuno B.
Kuderedza iyo loop nzvimbo kana kuwedzera chinhambwe pakati pekubatanidza zvishwe kunodzora mhedzisiro. Nzvimbo yekutenderera inowanzo deredzwa kusvika padiki uye daro pakati pezvibatanidzwa zvishwe zvinowedzerwa. Magnetic inodzivirira dzimwe nguva inodikanwa, asi inodhura uye inowanzoitika kukundikana kwemishini, saka zvidzivise.
11. Q: Mu Q&A yeInjiniya dzeKushandisa, hunhu husina kunaka hwemaseketi akasanganiswa anowanzo kutaurwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuve nyore kushandisa zvakapusa zvinhu senge ma resistor. Tsanangura kuswedera kwezvinhu zvakanaka.
A: Ini ndinongoda kuti resistor ive yakanaka mudziyo, asi iyo pfupi humburumbira iri pamberi peye resistor inoshanda chaizvo senge yakachena resistor. Iyo chaiyo yekupikisa zvakare ine iyo yekufungidzira yekudzivirira chikamu – iyo yekugadzirisa chinhu. Mazhinji anopikisa ane diki capacitance (anowanzoita 1 kusvika 3pF) zvakafanana nekupokana kwavo. Kunyangwe mamwe mafirimu anodzivisa, helical groove kutema mumafirimu avo anodzvinyirira zvakanyanya kuita inductive, yavo inductive reaction ndeye makumi kana mazana e nahen (nH). Ehezve, waya maronda anopokana anowanzo shongedzerwa pane kuita capacitive (zvirinani pazasi mafuru). Mushure mezvose, waya-ronda zvinodzivirira zvakagadzirwa nemakoiri, saka hazvishamise kuti waya-ronda zvinodzivirira kuve nema inductances eanoverengeka microhm (μH) kana makumi emicrohm, kana kunyangwe inonzi “isingakundiki” waya-maronda anopikisa . Saka kuti iyo inductance inogadzirwa nehafu mbiri dzekora inoregererana) ine zvakare 1μH kana zvimwe zvekusara kwekusimudzira. Kune yakakwira-kukosha waya-ronda resistors pamusoro peanenge 10k ω, iwo akasara ma resistor anowanzo kuve capacitive kwete inductive, uye iyo capacitance inosvika ku10pF, yakakwira kupfuura yeiyo yakajairika yakatetepa firimu kana synthetic resistors. Kuita uku kunofanirwa kunyatso kutariswa kana uchigadzira maseketi akakwira-frequency ane maresitor.
Mubvunzo: Asi mazhinji emacircuit aunotsanangura anoshandiswa kuita zviyero chaizvo kuDC kana mashoma kwazvo maseketi. Vakarasika inductors uye vakarasika capacitors hazvina basa mune izvi zvinoshandiswa, handiti?
A: hongu. Nekuti ma transistors (ese ari maviri discrete uye mukati memaseketi akabatanidzwa) ane hupamhi hwakafara bhendi, kushomeka kunogona dzimwe nguva kuitika mumazana kana zviuru zve megahertz mabhendi apo dunhu rinopera nemutoro unodzora. Kukanganisa uye kugadzirisa zviito zvinosanganisirwa nekusvetuka kune zvakashata pane yakaderera frequency kururamisa uye kugadzikana.
Zvakaipisisa, kushomeka kunogona kunge kusingaoneke pane oscilloscope kungave nekuti bandwidth yeiyo oscilloscope yakadzika kwazvo kana ichienzaniswa neiyo bandwidth yeiyo yakakwira frequency oscillations iri kuyerwa, kana nekuti iro reji yekuchaja yeiyo oscilloscope probe yakakwana kumisa iwo oscillations. Nzira yakanakisa ndeyekushandisa yakafara bhendi (yakaderera frequency kusvika 15GHz pamusoro) spectrum analyzer kutarisa iyo system yeascillations yehutachiona. Iyi cheki inofanirwa kuitwa kana iko kuiswa kuchisiyana pamusoro pesimba rese renzvimbo, nekuti oscillation yezvipembenene dzimwe nguva inoitika munzvimbo yakatetepa kwazvo yebhendi rekuisa.
Mubvunzo: Pane chero mibvunzo nezve resistors?
A: Kurwisa kweye resistor hakuna kugadziriswa, asi kunosiyana netembiricha. Iyo tembiricha coefficient (TC) inosiyana kubva mashoma PPM / ° C (mamirioni padhigirii Celsius) kusvika kuzviuru zvinoverengeka PPM / ° C. Iwo akanyanya kugadzikana anodzivisa ndeaya waya ronda kana simbi yemafirimu anopikisa, uye akaipisisa anogadzira kabhoni mafirimu anodzivisa.
Mahara tembiricha coefficients dzimwe nguva anokwanisa kubatsira (a + 3500ppm / ° C resistor inogona kushandiswa kutsiva kT / Q mune junction diode hunhu equation, sezvakambotaurwa muQ&AS yeApplication mainjiniya). Asi mukupesana kwakawanda netembiricha kunogona kuva sosi yekukanganisa mumaseketi akajeka.
Kana iko kujeka kwedunhu kuchitsamira pamutambo weanopikisa maviri ane akisi tembiricha coefficients, saka kunyangwe zviwirirane zvakadii pane imwe tembiricha, haizofanane pane imwe. Kunyangwe kana iwo tembiricha coefficients yemaviri resistors akaenzana, hapana vimbiso yekuti ivo vacharamba vari pane imwechete tembiricha. Kuzvidzivirira-kupisa kunogadzirwa nekushandisa kwesimba kwemukati kana kupisa kwekunze kunotapudzwa kubva kunobva kupisa mukati meiyi sisitimu kunogona kukonzera tembiricha mismatches, zvichikonzera kushora. Kunyangwe yepamusoro waya-ronda kana simbi-bhaisikopo vanopikisa vanogona kuve netembiricha mismatches yemazana (kana kunyange zviuru) PPM / ℃. Mhinduro iri pachena ndeye kushandisa maviri maresitor akavakirwa kuitira kuti vese vari padyo padyo nematrix akafanana, kuitira kuti iko kurongeka kwehurongwa kunoenderana zvakanaka nguva dzese. Iyo substrate inogona kunge iri yesilic wafers ayo anoteedzera chaiwo akabatanidzwa macircuit, magirazi mafafita kana simbi mafirimu. Zvisinei neiyo substrate, iwo maviri ma resistor anowirirana mushe panguva yekugadzira, akanyatsoenderana tembiricha coefficients, uye ari angangoita akafanana tembiricha (nekuti ivo vari padhuze).