1 Hordhac

Gudiga wareegga daabacan (PCB) daacadnimada calaamaduhu waxay ahayd mawduuc aad u kulul sannadihii u dambeeyay. Waxaa jiray warbixino badan oo cilmi baaris gudaha ah oo ku saabsan falanqaynta arrimaha saameeya daacadnimada PCB, laakiin tijaabada luminta calaamadda Hordhaca xaaladda tignoolajiyada hadda waa dhif.

Isha PCB-ga ee lumitaanka calaamadda khadka gudbinta ayaa ah luminta kirishbooyada iyo lumitaanka dielectric ee walxaha, waxaana sidoo kale saameeya arrimo ay ka mid yihiin caabbinta bireedyada naxaasta, qallafsanaanta bireed naxaasta, luminta shucaaca, is-waafajinta isdhaafsiga, iyo isdhaafsiga. Silsiladda sahayda, tilmaamayaasha aqbalka ee soosaarayaasha naxaasta clad laminate (CCL) iyo soo saarayaasha PCB waxay isticmaalaan khasaare joogto ah iyo dielectric; halka tilmaamayaasha udhaxeya soosaarayaasha PCB express iyo terminal ay badiyaa adeegsadaan isdhiibida iyo galinta luminta, sida ku cad Jaantuska 1.

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

Naqshadeynta iyo isticmaalka xawaaraha sare ee PCB-ga, sida ugu dhaqsaha badan oo wax ku ool ah loo cabbiro luminta calaamadda khadadka gudbinta PCB waxay muhiimad weyn u leedahay dejinta cabbirrada naqshadeynta PCB, cillad-dejinta, iyo xakamaynta habka wax-soo-saarka.

2. Xaaladda hadda jirta ee tignoolajiyada tijaabada gelinta PCB-ga

Hababka tijaabinta calaamada PCB ee hadda lagu isticmaalo warshadaha waxaa lagu kala saarayaa qalabka la isticmaalo, waxaana loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: iyadoo lagu saleynayo goobta wakhtiga ama iyadoo lagu salaynayo qaybta soo noqnoqda. Qalabka tijaabada goobta wakhtiga waa Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) ama mitirka gudbinta wakhtiga (TimeDomain Transmission, TDT); Qalabka tijaabinta soo noqnoqda ee goobta waa Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Tilmaamaha tijaabada IPC-TM650, shan hab oo tijaabo ah ayaa lagula talinayaa tijaabada luminta calaamadaha PCB: Habka domainka soo noqnoqda, habka bandwidth wax ku ool ah, habka tamarta garaaca wadnaha, habka faafinta garaaca wadnaha gaaban, habka gelinta kala duwanaanshaha TDR ee hal-dhamaadka ah.

2.1 Habka domainka soo noqnoqda

Habka Domain Frequency inta badan waxay isticmaashaa falanqeeyaha shabakada vector si loo cabbiro S-parameters ee khadka gudbinta, si toos ah ayuu u akhriyaa qiimaha luminta gelinta, ka dibna wuxuu adeegsadaa jiirada ku habboon ee celceliska gelinta luminta xaddi gaar ah (sida 1 GHz ~ 5 GHz) Cabbir dhaafka/fashilka looxa.

Farqiga u dhexeeya saxnaanta cabbiraadda habka qaybinta inta jeer ee inta badan waxay ka timaadaa habka cabbirka. Marka loo eego hababka kala duwanaanshiyaha, waxa loo qaybin karaa SLOT (Short-line-Open-Thru), Multi-Line TRL (Thru-Reflect-line) iyo Ecal (Electronic calibration) hababka cabbirida korantada.

SLOT waxaa badanaa loo arkaa habka cabbirka caadiga ah [5]. Qaabka is-habaynta waxa uu leeyahay 12 cabbir khalad ah. Saxnaanta is-habaynta habka SLOT waxaa go’aamiya qaybaha cabbirka. Qaybaha saxda ah ee saxda ah ee saxda ah waxaa bixiya soosaarayaasha qalabka cabbiraadda, laakiin qaybaha is-xakamaynta waa qaali , Guud ahaanna kaliya waxay ku habboon yihiin deegaanka coaxial, calibration waa waqti-qaadasho waxayna kordhisaa joomatari marka tirada terminaalka cabbirada ay korodho.

Habka MulTI-Line TRL waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa cabbirka cabbirka aan coaxial [6]. Marka loo eego maaddada khadka gudbinta ee isticmaalaha iyo inta jeer ee tijaabada ah, qaybaha cabbirka TRL ayaa loo qaabeeyey oo la soo saaray, sida ku cad Jaantuska 2. In kasta oo Multi-Line TRL ay fududahay in la naqshadeeyo oo la sameeyo marka loo eego SLOT, waqtiga cabbirka Habka Multi-line TRL sidoo kale wuxuu u kordhiyaa joomatari iyadoo la kordhinayo tirada terminaalka cabbirka.

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

Si loo xalliyo dhibaatada isku-habaynta waqtiga-qaadka ah, soo-saareyaasha qalabka cabbiraadda ayaa soo bandhigay habka is-beddelka elektiroonigga ah ee Ecal [7]. Ecal waa heerka gudbinta. Saxnaanta is-habaynta waxaa inta badan lagu go’aamiyaa qaybaha is-habaynta asalka ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, xasiloonida fiilada tijaabada iyo isku dhafka qalabka tijaabada ayaa la tijaabiyaa. Algorithm-ka isdhexgalka ee waxqabadka iyo inta jeer ee tijaabada ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku leh saxnaanta imtixaanka. Guud ahaan, isticmaal qalabka wax lagu cabbiro ee elegtarooniga ah si aad u cabbirto dusha tixraaca ilaa dhammaadka fiilada tijaabada, ka dibna isticmaal habka wax-ka-saarista si aad u magdhabiso dhererka fiilada qalabka. Sida ka muuqata sawirka 3aad.

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

Si loo helo luminta gelinta khadka gudbinta kala duwanaanta tusaale ahaan, isbarbardhigga saddexda hab ee cabbirka ayaa lagu muujiyey shaxda 1.

2.2 Habka bandwidth wax ku ool ah

Bandwidth wax ku ool ah (EBW) waa cabbir tayo leh oo luminta khadka gudbinta α ee dareen adag. Ma bixin karto qiime qiyaas ah oo luminta gelinta, laakiin waxay bixisaa halbeeg la yiraahdo EBW. Habka bandwidth wax ku ool ah ayaa ah in la gudbiyo calaamad tallaabo leh wakhti gaar ah oo kor u kaca xariiqda gudbinta iyada oo loo marayo TDR, cabbiraadda ugu badan ee wakhtiga kor u kaca ka dib markii qalabka TDR iyo DUT ay ku xiran yihiin, oo go’aamiyaan sida khasaaraha khasaaraha, ee MV. /s Si sax ah, waxa ay go’aamiso waa isugeynta guud ee khasaaraha, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu aqoonsado isbeddelada luminta khadka gudbinta ee dusha ilaa dusha ama lakabka ilaa lakabka [8]. Maaddaama jiirada ugu badan si toos ah looga qiyaasi karo qalabka, habka bandwidth wax ku ool ah ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa tijaabinta wax soo saarka ballaaran ee looxyada wareegga daabacan. Jaantuska jaantuska ee tijaabada EBW waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka 4.

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

2.3 Habka tamarta garaaca xididka

Root ImPulse Energy (RIE) badanaa waxay isticmaashaa aaladda TDR si ay u hesho mowjadaha TDR ee khadka luminta tixraaca iyo xariiqda gudbinta tijaabada, ka dibna waxay ku sameeyaan habka signalka qaabdhismeedka hirarka TDR. Habka tijaabada RIE waxa lagu muujiyay sawirka 5:

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

2.4 Habka faafinta garaaca wadnaha gaaban

Habka faafinta garaaca garaaca wadnaha gaaban (Short Pulse Propagation, oo loo yaqaan SPP) mabda’a tijaabada waa in la cabbiro laba xariiq oo gudbin ah oo dhererkoodu kala duwan yahay, sida 30 mm iyo 100 mm, lagana soo saaro isbarbardhigga attenuation coefficient iyo wejiga iyadoo la cabbirayo farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhererka khadka gudbinta. Joogtada ah, sida ku cad Jaantuska 6. Isticmaalka habkan waxa uu yarayn karaa saamaynta xidhiidhiyayaasha, fiilooyinka, baadhitaanada, iyo saxnaanta oscilloscope. Haddii aaladaha TDR ee waxqabadka sare leh iyo IFN (Impulse Forming Network) la isticmaalo, inta jeer ee imtixaanku waxa ay noqon kartaa ilaa 40 GHz.

2.5 Habka luminta kala duwanaanshaha TDR-dhammaadka ah

Hal-dhammaadka TDR ilaa Khasaaraha Gelida Kala Duwan ee (SET2DIL) way ka duwan tahay tijaabada galinta kala duwanaanta iyadoo la adeegsanayo 4-deked VNA. Habkani wuxuu isticmaalaa qalab laba-deked ah oo TDR ah si uu u gudbiyo jawaabta tallaabada TDR ee khadka gudbinta kala duwan, Dhamaadka khadka gudbinta kala duwan ayaa gaaban, sida ku cad Jaantuska 7. Qiyaasta qiyaasta qiyaasta caadiga ah ee habka SET2DIL waa 2 GHz ~ 12 GHz, iyo saxnaanta cabbiraadda waxaa inta badan saameeya dib u dhaca aan joogtada ahayn ee fiilada tijaabada iyo iswaafajinta iswaafajinta DUT. Faa’iidada habka SET2DIL ayaa ah in aan loo baahnayn in la isticmaalo 4-deked VNA ah oo qaali ah iyo qaybaheeda cabbirka. Dhererka khadka gudbinta ee qaybta la tijaabiyay waa kala badh kaliya ee habka VNA. Qaybta is-habaynta waxay leedahay qaab-dhismeed fudud oo wakhtiga is-habaynta si weyn ayaa loo dhimay. Aad bay ugu habboon tahay wax soo saarka PCB. Tijaabada Dufcaddii, sida ka muuqata Jaantuska 8.

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

3 Tijaabi qalabka iyo natiijooyinka tijaabada

SET2DIL guddiga imtixaanka, SPP guddiga imtixaanka iyo Multi-Line TRL guddiga imtixaanka ayaa la sameeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo CCL oo joogto ah dielectric 3.8, dielectric khasaaraha 0.008, iyo RTF foil copper; Qalabka tijaabada wuxuu ahaa DSA8300 muunad oscilloscope iyo E5071C falanqeeyaha shabakada vector; Luminta kala duwanaanshaha gelinta hab kasta Natiijooyinka imtixaanku waxay ku cad yihiin shaxda 2.

Falanqaynta Arrimaha Saamaynta leh ee hufnaanta Calaamadaha ee Guddiga Wareega Daabacan ee PCB

4 Gunaanad

Maqaalkani waxa uu inta badan soo bandhigayaa dhowr hababka cabbiraadda calaamadaha khasaaraha khadka gudbinta PCB ee hadda loo isticmaalo warshadaha. Iyadoo loo eegayo hababka kala duwan ee imtixaanada loo isticmaalo, qiimaha luminta gelinta la qiyaasay ayaa kala duwan, natiijooyinka imtixaankana si toos ah looma barbar dhigi karo. Sidaa darteed, tignoolajiyada tijaabada luminta calaamadaha ku habboon waa in lagu doortaa iyadoo loo eegayo faa’iidooyinka iyo xaddidaadaha hababka farsamo ee kala duwan, oo lagu daro baahidooda.