The buga kewaye hukumar (PCB) tushe ne na zahiri ko dandamali wanda za’a iya siyar da kayan aikin lantarki akansa. Alamun Copper suna haɗa waɗannan abubuwan da juna, suna ba da damar buga allon da’ira (PCB) don aiwatar da ayyukansa a cikin hanyar da aka tsara.

Kwamfutar da’ira da aka buga ita ce ainihin na’urar lantarki. Zai iya zama kowane nau’i da girmansa, dangane da aikace-aikacen na’urar lantarki. Mafi na kowa substrate / substrate abu don PCB ne FR-4. PCB na tushen FR-4 ana samun su a cikin na’urorin lantarki da yawa, kuma masana’anta na gama gari. Idan aka kwatanta da PCBs masu yawa, PCB mai gefe guda da mai gefe biyu sun fi sauƙin ƙira.

FR-4 PCB an yi shi da fiber gilashi da resin epoxy haɗe da lamintaccen jan ƙarfe. Wasu daga cikin manyan misalan hadaddun Multi-Layer (har zuwa 12 yadudduka) PCBs sune katunan zane na kwamfuta, motherboards, allon microprocessor, FPGAs, CPLDs, rumbun kwamfyuta, RF LNAs, ciyarwar eriyar sadarwar tauraron dan adam, samar da wutar lantarki yanayin yanayin, wayoyin Android, Akwai misalai da yawa inda ake amfani da PCB masu sauƙi mai Layer Layer da Layer Layer biyu, kamar su CRT TVs, analog oscilloscopes, kalkuleta na hannu, berayen kwamfuta, da na’urorin rediyon FM.

Aikace-aikacen PCB:

1. Kayan aikin likita:

Ci gaban da aka samu a yau a kimiyyar likitanci gaba ɗaya ya samo asali ne saboda saurin haɓakar masana’antar lantarki. Yawancin kayan aikin likita, irin su mita pH, firikwensin bugun zuciya, ma’aunin zafin jiki, injin ECG / EEG, injin MRI, X-ray, CT scan, injin hawan jini, kayan auna matakin sukari na jini, incubator, kayan microbiological da sauran kayan aiki da yawa. PCB na lantarki daban. Waɗannan PCBs gabaɗaya suna da yawa kuma suna da ƙaramin nau’i. Mai yawa yana nufin cewa an sanya ƙananan abubuwan SMT a cikin ƙaramin girman PCB. Waɗannan na’urorin likitanci an sanya su ƙanana, masu sauƙin ɗauka, masu nauyi, da sauƙin aiki.

2. Kayan aikin masana’antu.

Hakanan ana amfani da PCBs sosai a masana’antu, masana’antu, da masana’antu masu tasowa. Waɗannan masana’antu suna da injuna masu ƙarfi da kayan aiki waɗanda ke motsawa ta hanyar da’irori waɗanda ke aiki da ƙarfi kuma suna buƙatar manyan igiyoyin ruwa. Don haka, an lulluɓe wani Layer na tagulla mai kauri a kan PCB, wanda ya bambanta da na’urorin PCB masu rikitarwa, wanda zai iya zana igiyoyin ruwa har zuwa amperes 100. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a aikace-aikace kamar walda na baka, manyan injina na servo, caja-batir mai gubar, masana’antar soja, da injunan auduga mara kyau.

3. haskakawa.

Dangane da hasken wuta, duniya tana tafiya a cikin hanyar hanyoyin ceton makamashi. Wadannan kwararan fitila na halogen ba safai ake samun su a yanzu, amma yanzu muna ganin fitilun LED da manyan LEDs a kusa. Waɗannan ƙananan LEDs suna ba da haske mai haske kuma an ɗora su akan PCBs dangane da abubuwan aluminum. Aluminum yana da dukiya na ɗaukar zafi da watsa shi a cikin iska. Saboda haka, saboda babban iko, waɗannan PCBs na aluminium yawanci ana amfani da su a cikin da’irar fitilun LED don matsakaici da babban ikon LED da’irori.

4. Masana’antar kera motoci da sararin samaniya.

Wani aikace-aikacen PCB shine masana’antar kera motoci da sararin samaniya. Abin da ya zama ruwan dare a nan shi ne yadda motsin jiragen sama ko motoci ke haifarwa. Saboda haka, don gamsar da waɗannan manyan rawar jiki, PCB ya zama mai sassauƙa. Don haka, ana amfani da nau’in PCB mai suna Flex PCB. PCB mai sassauƙa na iya jure babban rawar jiki kuma yana da nauyi a nauyi, wanda zai iya rage jimillar nauyin jirgin. Hakanan ana iya daidaita waɗannan PCBs masu sassauƙa a cikin kunkuntar sarari, wanda kuma shine babban fa’ida. Ana amfani da waɗannan PCB masu sassauƙa azaman masu haɗawa, musaya, kuma ana iya haɗa su a cikin ƙaramin sarari, kamar a bayan panel, ƙarƙashin dashboard, da sauransu. Hakanan ana amfani da haɗin PCB mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa.

Nau’in PCB:

Buga allon da’ira (PCB) sun kasu kashi 8. Su ne

PCB mai gefe guda:

Abubuwan da ke cikin PCB mai gefe guda ana hawa ne kawai a gefe ɗaya, ɗayan kuma ana amfani da wayoyi na tagulla. Ana amfani da wani bakin ciki na foil na jan karfe a gefe ɗaya na RF-4, sannan kuma ana amfani da abin rufe fuska don samar da rufi. A ƙarshe, ana amfani da bugu na allo don samar da bayanan alama don abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar C1 da R1 akan PCB. Wadannan PCB masu Layer Layer suna da sauƙin ƙira da ƙira akan sikeli mai girma, buƙatun kasuwa yana da yawa, kuma suna da arha don siya. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samfuran gida, kamar juicers/masu hadawa, masu caji, masu ƙididdigewa, ƙananan caja na baturi, kayan wasan yara, na’urorin nesa na TV, da sauransu.

PCB mai Layer biyu:

PCB mai gefe biyu PCB ne mai yaduddukan tagulla da aka yi amfani da su a bangarorin biyu na allo. Haɗa ramukan, da abubuwan THT tare da jagora an shigar dasu a cikin waɗannan ramukan. Waɗannan ramukan suna haɗa ɓangaren gefe ɗaya zuwa ɗayan ɓangaren ta hanyar waƙoƙin tagulla. Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓaka suna wucewa ta cikin ramuka, abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri an yanke su ta hanyar yankan, kuma ana welded da jagororin zuwa ramuka. Ana yin duk wannan da hannu. Hakanan akwai abubuwan SMT da abubuwan THT na PCB mai Layer 2. Abubuwan SMT ba sa buƙatar ramuka, amma ana yin pads akan PCB, kuma ana gyara abubuwan SMT akan PCB ta hanyar sake dawo da siyarwa. Abubuwan SMT sun mamaye sarari kaɗan akan PCB, don haka ana iya amfani da ƙarin sarari kyauta akan allon kewayawa don samun ƙarin ayyuka. Ana amfani da PCB masu gefe biyu don samar da wutar lantarki, amplifiers, direbobin motocin DC, da’irori na kayan aiki, da sauransu.

Multilayer PCB:

Multi-Layer PCB an yi shi da PCB mai Layer 2-Layer, sandwiched tsakanin yaduddukan insulating dielectric don tabbatar da cewa allon da abubuwan da aka gyara ba su lalace ta hanyar zafi mai zafi ba. Multi-Layer PCB yana da girma daban-daban da yadudduka daban-daban, daga PCB mai Layer 4 zuwa PCB mai Layer 12. Yawancin yadudduka, daɗaɗɗen da’irar kuma mafi rikitarwa ƙirar shimfidar PCB.

PCBs masu yawan Layer yawanci suna da jiragen ƙasa masu zaman kansu, jiragen wuta, jiragen sigina masu sauri, la’akari da amincin sigina, da sarrafa zafi. Aikace-aikacen gama gari sune buƙatun soja, sararin samaniya da na’urorin lantarki na sararin samaniya, sadarwar tauraron dan adam, na’urorin lantarki na kewayawa, GPS tracking, radar, sarrafa siginar dijital da sarrafa hoto.

PCB mai ƙarfi:

Duk nau’ikan PCB da aka tattauna a sama suna cikin rukunin PCB mai tsauri. PCBs masu tsauri suna da daskararrun abubuwa kamar FR-4, Rogers, resin phenolic da resin epoxy. Wadannan faranti ba za su lanƙwasa da karkatarwa ba, amma suna iya kiyaye siffar su na tsawon shekaru har zuwa shekaru 10 ko 20. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa na’urorin lantarki da yawa suna da tsawon rayuwa saboda tsayin daka, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan PCBs. PCBs na kwamfutoci da kwamfyutoci masu tsauri. Yawancin Talabijan, LCD da LED TVs da aka saba amfani da su a gidaje ana yin su ne da PCB masu tsauri. Duk aikace-aikacen PCB masu gefe ɗaya na sama, mai gefe biyu da multilayer suma ana amfani da su ga PCBs masu ƙarfi.

Flex PCB:

PCB mai sassauƙa ko PCB mai sassauƙa ba ta da ƙarfi, amma yana da sassauƙa kuma ana iya lanƙwasa cikin sauƙi. Su na roba ne, suna da juriya mai zafi da kyawawan kayan lantarki. Abubuwan da ke ƙasa na Flex PCB sun dogara da aiki da farashi. Common substrate kayan for Flex PCB ne polyamide (PI) film, polyester (PET) film, PEN da PTFE.

Farashin masana’anta na Flex PCB ya wuce PCB mai tsauri kawai. Ana iya ninka su ko kuma a nade su a kusa da sasanninta. Idan aka kwatanta da madaidaicin PCB mai tsauri, suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan. Suna da nauyi amma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin hawaye.

PCB mai ƙarfi-Flex:

Haɗin PCBs masu tsauri da sassauƙa suna da mahimmanci sosai a cikin sarari da yawa da aikace-aikace masu nauyi. Misali, a cikin kyamara, da’irar tana da rikitarwa, amma haɗin PCB mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa zai rage adadin sassa kuma rage girman PCB. Hakanan ana iya haɗa wayoyi na PCB guda biyu akan PCB guda ɗaya. Aikace-aikacen gama gari sune kyamarori na dijital, wayoyin hannu, motoci, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da waɗancan na’urori masu motsi

PCB mai sauri:

PCBs masu girma ko babban mitoci PCBs ne da ake amfani da su don aikace-aikacen da suka shafi sadarwar sigina tare da mitoci sama da 1 GHz. A wannan yanayin, matsalolin amincin sigina suna shiga cikin wasa. Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan aikin babban mitar PCB a hankali don saduwa da buƙatun ƙira.

Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune polyphenylene (PPO) da polytetrafluoroethylene. Yana da tsayayyen dielectric akai-akai da ƙananan asarar dielectric. Suna da ƙarancin sha ruwa amma tsada.

Yawancin sauran kayan aikin dielectric suna da madaidaicin dielectric akai-akai, wanda ke haifar da canje-canjen impedance, wanda zai iya karkatar da jituwa da asarar siginar dijital da asarar amincin sigina.

Aluminum PCB:

Aluminum tushen PCBs substrate kayan suna da halaye na tasiri zafi watsawa. Saboda ƙarancin juriya na thermal, aluminium na tushen PCB sanyaya ya fi tasiri fiye da PCB na tushen tagulla. Yana haskaka zafi a cikin iska da kuma a cikin yanki na thermal junction na PCB board.

Yawancin da’irori na fitilun LED, manyan LEDs masu haske ana yin su da PCB mai goyan bayan aluminum.

Aluminum karfe ne mai arziƙi kuma farashin haƙar ma’adinai ba shi da yawa, don haka farashin PCB shima ya ragu sosai. Aluminum abu ne mai sake yin amfani da shi kuma ba mai guba ba, don haka yana da alaƙa da muhalli. Aluminum yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi, don haka yana rage lalacewa yayin masana’anta, sufuri da taro

Duk waɗannan fasalulluka suna yin PCB na tushen aluminum masu amfani ga manyan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun kamar masu sarrafa motoci, caja mai nauyi, da fitilun LED masu haske.

a cikin ƙarshe:

A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, PCBs sun samo asali daga sassauƙan nau’ikan Layer guda ɗaya zuwa ƙarin hadaddun tsarin, kamar babban mitar Teflon PCBs.

PCB yanzu ya ƙunshi kusan kowane fanni na fasahar zamani da haɓakar kimiyya. Microbiology, Microelectronics, Nanotechnology, Aerospace Industry, Soja, Avionics, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence da sauran fannoni duk sun dogara ne akan nau’o’i daban-daban na bugu na katako (PCB).