The ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe (PCB) isisekelo esibonakalayo noma inkundla lapho izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zingathengiswa khona. Imikhondo yethusi ixhuma lezi zingxenye komunye nomunye, okuvumela ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB) ukuthi lenze imisebenzi yalo ngendlela eklanywe ngayo.

Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe liwumgogodla wensiza ye-elekthronikhi. Kungaba noma yimuphi umumo nosayizi, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwensiza kagesi. I-substrate evame kakhulu/i-substrate impahla ye-PCB yi-FR-4. Ama-PCB asuselwa ku-FR-4 avame ukutholakala kumishini eminingi kagesi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuvamile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi, i-PCB enohlangothi olulodwa nezinhlangothi ezimbili kulula ukwenziwa.

I-FR-4 PCB yenziwe nge-glass fiber kanye ne-epoxy resin ehlanganiswe ne-laminated copper cladding. Ezinye zezibonelo eziyinhloko zama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi (kuze kufike kweziyi-12) amakhadi ezithombe zekhompiyutha, amabhodi omama, amabhodi ama-microprocessor, ama-FPGA, ama-CPLD, ama-hard drive, ama-RF LNAs, ama-antenna okuxhumana ngesathelayithi okuphakelayo, imodi yokushintsha amandla kagesi, amafoni we-Android, njll. Kunezibonelo eziningi lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-PCB alula anesendlalelo esisodwa kanye ne-double-layer, njengama-CRT TV, ama-oscilloscopes e-analog, izibali eziphathwa ngesandla, amagundane ekhompyutha, namasekhethi omsakazo we-FM.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PCB:

1. Imishini yezokwelapha:

Intuthuko yanamuhla kwezesayensi yezokwelapha ibangelwa ngokuphelele ukukhula ngokushesha kwemboni yezogesi. Imishini eminingi yezokwelapha, njengemitha ye-pH, inzwa yokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukukalwa kwezinga lokushisa, umshini we-ECG/EEG, umshini we-MRI, i-X-ray, i-CT scan, umshini womfutho wegazi, imishini yokulinganisa izinga likashukela egazini, i-incubator, imishini ye-microbiological nezinye izinto eziningi. i-PCB ye-elekthronikhi ehlukile esekelwe. Lawa ma-PCB ngokuvamile aminyene futhi anefomu elincane. Okuminyene kusho ukuthi izingxenye ezincane ze-SMT zibekwe kusayizi omncane we-PCB. Le mishini yezokwelapha yenziwa yaba mincane, kulula ukuyiphatha, ibe lula ngesisindo, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

2. Imishini yezimboni.

Ama-PCB nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni, ezimbonini, nasezimbonini ezizayo. Lezi zimboni zinemishini enamandla amakhulu kanye nemishini eqhutshwa amasekhethi asebenza ngamandla amakhulu futhi adinga amaza aphezulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ungqimba lwethusi oluwugqinsi lwenziwe nge-laminated ku-PCB, ehlukile kuma-PCB e-elekthronikhi ayinkimbinkimbi, akwazi ukudonsa ama-currents afinyelele kuma-ampere ayi-100. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana nokushisela i-arc, amadrayivu amakhulu e-servo motor, amashaja ebhethri ane-asidi eholayo, imboni yezempi, nemishini yezingubo zikakotini ezingacacile.

3. ukukhanya.

Mayelana nokukhanya, umhlaba uhamba ngendlela yezixazululo zokonga amandla. Lawa ma-halogen bulb awavamile ukutholakala manje, kodwa manje sibona amalambu e-LED nama-LED anamandla kakhulu nxazonke. Lawa ma-LED amancane ahlinzeka ngokukhanya okuphezulu futhi afakwe kuma-PCB asekelwe kuma-aluminium substrates. I-Aluminium inendawo yokumunca ukushisa futhi ikukhiphe emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu, lawa ma-PCB e-aluminium avame ukusetshenziswa kumasekhethi wesibani se-LED kumasekhethi aphakathi nendawo naphezulu we-LED.

4. Izimboni zezimoto nezomkhathi.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-PCB izimboni zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace. Isici esivamile lapha ukuphenduka okukhiqizwa ukuhamba kwezindiza noma izimoto. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwenelise lokhu kudlidliza kwamandla amakhulu, i-PCB iba nezimo. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwe-PCB olubizwa nge-Flex PCB. I-PCB eguquguqukayo ingamelana nokudlidliza okuphezulu futhi inesisindo esincane, esinganciphisa isisindo esiphelele somkhumbi-mkhathi. Lawa ma-PCB aguquguqukayo nawo angalungiswa endaweni ewumngcingo, nakho okuyinzuzo enkulu. Lawa ma-PCB aguquguqukayo asetshenziswa njengezixhumi, izixhumanisi, futhi angahlanganiswa endaweni ehlangene, njengangemuva kwephaneli, ngaphansi kwedeshibhodi, njll. Inhlanganisela ye-PCB eqinile neguquguqukayo nayo iyasetshenziswa.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB:

Amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (PCB) ahlukaniswe izigaba eziyi-8. Kunjalo

I-PCB yohlangothi olulodwa:

Izingxenye ze-PCB enohlangothi olulodwa zifakwe kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa, kanti olunye uhlangothi lusetshenziselwa izintambo zethusi. Ungqimba oluncane lwe-foil yethusi lusetshenziswa ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-RF-4 substrate, bese kusetshenziswa imaski ye-solder ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukufakwa kwe-insulation. Okokugcina, ukuphrinta kwesikrini kusetshenziselwa ukunikeza ulwazi lokumaka lwezingxenye ezifana ne-C1 ne-R1 ku-PCB. Lawa ma-PCB anongqimba olulodwa kulula kakhulu ukuklama nokwenza ngezinga elikhulu, isidingo semakethe sikhulu, futhi ashibhile kakhulu ukuwathenga. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yasendlini, njengamajusi/izixube, amafeni okushaja, izibali, amashaja amabhethri amancane, amathoyizi, izilawuli kude ze-TV, njll.

I-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili:

I-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili iyi-PCB enezendlalelo zethusi ezisetshenziswa ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi. Izimbobo zokumba, kanye nezingxenye ze-THT ezinomkhondo zifakiwe kulezi zimbobo. Lezi zimbobo zixhuma ingxenye yohlangothi kwenye ingxenye ngamathrekhi ethusi. Ingxenye eholayo idlula emigodini, imikhondo eyeqile inqunywa umsiki, futhi imikhondo ihlanganiswe emigodini. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ngesandla. Kukhona futhi izingxenye ze-SMT kanye nezingxenye ze-THT ze-PCB enezingqimba ezi-2. Izingxenye ze-SMT azidingi izimbobo, kodwa amaphedi enziwa ku-PCB, futhi izingxenye ze-SMT zilungiswa ku-PCB ngokuphinda kufakwe i-solder. Izingxenye ze-SMT zithatha isikhala esincane kakhulu ku-PCB, ngakho-ke isikhala esikhululekile singasetshenziswa ebhodini lesifunda ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Ama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili asetshenziselwa izinto zikagesi, izikhulisamazwi, izishayeli zezimoto ze-DC, amasekhethi ensimbi, njll.

I-Multilayer PCB:

I-Multi-layer PCB yenziwe nge-multi-layer 2-layer PCB, ehlanganiswe phakathi kwezingqimba ze-dielectric insulating ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibhodi nezingxenye azonakaliswa ukushisa ngokweqile. I-Multi-layer PCB inobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezendlalelo ezihlukene, kusukela ku-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 ukuya ku-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-12. Uma izendlalelo eziningi, isekethe iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu idizayini yesakhiwo se-PCB.

Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi ngokuvamile anezindiza ezizimele ezingaphansi, izindiza zamandla, izindiza zesignali ezinesivinini esikhulu, ukucatshangelwa kobuqotho besignali, nokuphathwa okushisayo. Izicelo ezivamile izidingo zempi, i-aerospace ne-aerospace electronics, ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, i-navigation electronics, ukulandelela i-GPS, i-radar, ukucubungula isignali yedijithali nokucubungula izithombe.

I-PCB eqinile:

Zonke izinhlobo ze-PCB okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zingezesigaba se-PCB esiqinile. Ama-PCB aqinile anama-substrates aqinile afana ne-FR-4, i-Rogers, i-phenolic resin ne-epoxy resin. Lezi zingcwecwe ngeke zigobe futhi zisonte, kodwa zingagcina isimo sazo iminyaka eminingi kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10 noma engu-20. Kungakho izinto eziningi zikagesi zinesikhathi eside sokuphila ngenxa yokuqina, ukuqina nokuqina kwama-PCB aqinile. Ama-PCB amakhompyutha namalaptop aqinile. Ama-TV amaningi, ama-LCD nama-LED TV avame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini enziwe ngama-PCB aqinile. Zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenhla zohlangothi olulodwa, olunezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ze-PCB ziyasebenza kuma-PCB aqinile.

I-Flex PCB:

I-PCB eguquguqukayo noma i-PCB evumelana nezimo ayiqinile, kodwa iguquguquka futhi ingagotshwa kalula. Ziyakwazi nokunwebeka, zinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi. I-substrate material ye-Flex PCB incike ekusebenzeni nasezindlekweni. Izinto ezivamile ze-substrate ze-Flex PCB ifilimu ye-polyamide (PI), ifilimu ye-polyester (PET), i-PEN ne-PTFE.

Izindleko zokukhiqiza ze-Flex PCB zingaphezu nje kwe-PCB eqinile. Zingagoqwa noma zigoqwe emakhoneni. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PCB eqinile ehambisanayo, bathatha indawo encane. Ayisindi kodwa aphansi kakhulu amandla okudabula.

I-Rigid-Flex PCB:

Inhlanganisela yama-PCB aqinile futhi aguquguqukayo ibaluleke kakhulu esikhaleni esiningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinesisindo. Isibonelo, kukhamera, umjikelezo uyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa inhlanganisela ye-PCB eqinile futhi eguquguqukayo izonciphisa inani lezingxenye futhi inciphise usayizi we-PCB. Izintambo zama-PCB amabili nazo zingahlanganiswa ku-PCB eyodwa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile amakhamera edijithali, omakhalekhukhwini, izimoto, amalaptop kanye nalawo madivayisi anezingxenye ezihambayo

I-PCB enesivinini esikhulu:

Ama-PCB anesivinini esiphezulu noma ama-high-frequency ama-PCB asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya ukuxhumana kwesignali namaza angaphezulu kuno-1 GHz. Kulokhu, izinkinga zobuqotho besignali ziyangena. Impahla ye-PCB substrate enemvamisa ephezulu kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-polyphenylene (PPO) ne-polytetrafluoroethylene. Inomshini ozinzile we-dielectric kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-dielectric. Ziyakwazi ukumunca amanzi aphansi kodwa izindleko eziphezulu.

Ezinye izinto eziningi ze-dielectric zinezimo eziguquguqukayo ze-dielectric, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-impedance, okungahlanekezela i-harmonics nokulahlekelwa kwezimpawu zedijithali nokulahlekelwa ubuqotho besignali.

I-Aluminium PCB:

Izinto ze-substrate ezisekelwe ku-Aluminium ze-PCB zinezici zokukhipha ukushisa okuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa okuphansi, ukupholisa kwe-PCB okusekelwe ku-aluminium kusebenza kangcono kune-PCB yayo esekelwe kukhopha ehambisanayo. Ikhipha ukushisa emoyeni nasendaweni yokuhlangana eshisayo yebhodi le-PCB.

Amasekhethi amaningi amalambu e-LED, ama-LED anokukhanya okuphezulu enziwe nge-PCB esekela i-aluminium.

I-Aluminium iyinsimbi ecebile futhi intengo yayo yezimayini iphansi, ngakho-ke izindleko ze-PCB nazo ziphansi kakhulu. I-Aluminium iyakwazi ukugaywa kabusha futhi ayinabo ubuthi, ngakho-ke ihambisana nemvelo. I-Aluminium inamandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ngakho inciphisa umonakalo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthutha nokuhlanganisa

Zonke lezi zici zenza ama-PCB asekelwe ku-aluminium abe usizo ezinhlelweni zamanje ezifana nezilawuli zezimoto, amashaja amabhethri asebenza kanzima, namalambu e-LED akhanya kakhulu.

Ekuphetheni:

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ama-PCB ashintshile asuka ezinguqulweni ezilula zesendlalelo esisodwa kuya ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-high-frequency Teflon PCBs.

I-PCB manje ihlanganisa cishe yonke imikhakha yobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nesayensi ethuthukayo. I-Microbiology, i-microelectronics, i-nanotechnology, imboni ye-aerospace, amasosha, i-avionics, irobhothi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye neminye imikhakha konke kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zamabhulokhi okwakha ebhodi lesekethe (PCB).