The boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng (PCB) ke motheo oa ‘mele kapa sethala seo likarolo tsa elektroniki li ka rekisoang ho sona. Mesaletsa ea koporo e hokahanya likarolo tsena ho e mong, e lumella boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng (PCB) ho etsa mesebetsi ea eona ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng.

Boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng ke motheo oa sesebelisoa sa elektronike. E ka ba ea sebopeho leha e le sefe le boholo, ho itšetlehile ka tšebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa elektronike. Lintho tse atileng haholo tsa substrate/substrate bakeng sa PCB ke FR-4. Li-PCB tse thehiloeng ho FR-4 li fumaneha hangata lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa elektroniki, ‘me tlhahiso ea tsona e tloaelehile. Ha ho bapisoa le li-PCB tse ngata, li-PCB tse nang le lehlakore le le leng le mahlakore a mabeli li bonolo ho li etsa.

FR-4 PCB e entsoe ka fiber ea khalase le resin ea epoxy e kopantsoeng le masela a koporo a laminated. E meng ea mehlala ea mantlha ea li-PCB tse rarahaneng tse nang le likarolo tse ngata (ho fihla ho 12) ke likarete tsa litšoantšo tsa khomphutha, liboto tsa bo-mme, liboto tsa microprocessor, FPGAs, CPLDs, li-hard drive, RF LNAs, phepelo ea li-antenna tsa sathelaete, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa switch mode, lifono tsa Android, joalo-joalo Ho na le mehlala e mengata moo ho sebelisoang li-PCB tsa lera le le leng le habeli, joalo ka li-TV tsa CRT, li-oscilloscope tsa analoge, li-calculator tse tšoaroang ka letsoho, litoeba tsa komporo, le li-circuits tsa radio tsa FM.

Tšebeliso ea PCB:

1. Thepa ea bongaka:

Tsoelo-pele ea kajeno ea saense ea bongaka e bakoa ka ho feletseng ke khōlo e potlakileng ea indasteri ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa bongaka, joalo ka meter ea pH, sensor ea ho otla ha pelo, tekanyo ea mocheso, mochini oa ECG/EEG, mochini oa MRI, X-ray, CT scan, mochini oa khatello ea mali, lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya tsoekere ea mali, incubator, lisebelisoa tsa microbiological le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata. PCB ea elektroniki e fapaneng e thehiloeng. Li-PCB tsena ka kakaretso li teteane ebile li na le sebopeho se senyenyane. Dense e bolela hore likaroloana tse nyane tsa SMT li behiloe ka har’a PCB e nyane. Lisebelisoa tsena tsa bongaka li entsoe tse nyenyane, ho bonolo ho li jara, tse bobebe ka boima ba ‘mele, le ho sebetsa habonolo.

2. Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri.

Li-PCB li boetse li sebelisoa haholo indastering, lifemeng le lifemeng tse tlang. Liindasteri tsena li na le mechini le lisebelisoa tse matla tse tsamaisoang ke lipotoloho tse sebetsang ka matla a phahameng ‘me li hloka maqhubu a phahameng. Ka lebaka lena, lera le teteaneng la koporo le entsoe ka laminated ho PCB, e fapaneng le li-PCB tse rarahaneng tsa elektronike, tse khonang ho hula maqhubu a phahameng ho fihlela ho 100 amperes. Sena se bohlokoa haholo lits’ebetsong tse joalo ka tjheseletsa ea arc, li-drive tse kholo tsa servo, charger ea li-lead-acid, indasteri ea sesole, le mechini e sa utloahaleng ea k’hothone.

3. lesedi.

Mabapi le mabone, lefats’e le tsamaea ka lehlakoreng la tharollo ea ho boloka matla. Li-bulbs tsena tsa halogen ha li fumanehe hangata hona joale, empa joale re bona mabone a LED le li-LED tse matla haholo ho pota-pota. Li-LED tsena tse nyane li fana ka leseli le khanyang haholo ‘me li kentsoe ho li-PCB tse ipapisitseng le li-substrates tsa aluminium. Aluminium e na le thepa ea ho monya mocheso le ho o qhala moeeng. Ka hona, ka lebaka la matla a phahameng, li-PCB tsena tsa aluminium hangata li sebelisoa lipotolohong tsa lebone tsa LED bakeng sa lipotoloho tsa LED tse mahareng le tse phahameng.

4. Liindasteri tsa likoloi le tsa sefofane.

Tšebeliso e ‘ngoe ea PCB ke indasteri ea likoloi le ea lifofane. Ntho e tloaelehileng mona ke ho khutla ho bakoang ke ho tsamaea ha lifofane kapa likoloi. Ka hona, e le ho khotsofatsa litšisinyeho tsena tse matla haholo, PCB e fetoha bonolo. Ka hona, ho sebelisoa mofuta oa PCB o bitsoang Flex PCB. PCB e tenyetsehang e khona ho mamella ho thothomela ho hoholo ebile e bobebe ka boima, e ka fokotsang boima ba sefofa-sebakeng. Li-PCB tsena tse tenyetsehang li ka boela tsa fetoloa sebakeng se moqotetsane, seo hape e leng molemo o moholo. Li-PCB tsena tse tenyetsehang li sebelisoa e le lihokelo, li-interfaces, ‘me li ka bokelloa sebakeng se kopanetsoeng, joalo ka ka mor’a phanele, tlas’a dashboard, joalo-joalo Ho boetse ho sebelisoa PCB e thata le e tenyetsehang.

Mofuta oa PCB:

Liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng (PCB) li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 8. Ke

PCB ea lehlakore le le leng:

Likarolo tsa PCB e nang le lehlakore le le leng li kenngoa ka lehlakoreng le le leng feela, ‘me lehlakore le leng le sebelisetsoa lithapo tsa koporo. Karolo e tšesaane ea foil ea koporo e sebelisoa ka lehlakoreng le leng la substrate ea RF-4, ebe ho sebelisoa mask a solder ho fana ka insulation. Qetellong, khatiso ea skrine e sebelisetsoa ho fana ka boitsebiso ba ho tšoaea likarolo tse kang C1 le R1 ho PCB. Li-PCB tsena tsa lera le le leng li bonolo haholo ho rala le ho li etsa ka bongata bo boholo, tlhokeho ea ‘maraka e kholo, hape li theko e tlase haholo ho e reka. E sebelisoa haholo lihlahisoa tsa ntlo, joalo ka li-juicer/blenders, li-fan tse tjhajang, li-calculator, li-charger tse nyane tsa betri, lintho tsa ho bapala, li-remote tsa TV, joalo-joalo.

PCB ea mekhahlelo e ‘meli:

PCB e mahlakoreng a mabeli ke PCB e nang le likarolo tsa koporo tse sebelisoang mahlakoreng ka bobeli a boto. Cheka masoba, ‘me likarolo tsa THT tse nang le loto li kentsoe masobeng ana. Likoti tsena li kopanya karolo e ‘ngoe ea lehlakore ho ea lehlakoreng le leng ka litsela tsa koporo. Karolo e etellang pele e feta ka har’a likoti, lithapo tse feteletseng li khaoloa ke sehahi, ‘me lithapo li tšeloa likoti. Sena sohle se etsoa ka letsoho. Ho boetse ho na le likarolo tsa SMT le likarolo tsa THT tsa PCB ea 2-layer. Likarolo tsa SMT ha li hloke masoba, empa li-pads li etsoa ho PCB, ‘me likarolo tsa SMT li behiloe ho PCB ka reflow soldering. Likarolo tsa SMT li nka sebaka se senyenyane haholo ho PCB, kahoo sebaka se eketsehileng sa mahala se ka sebelisoa boto ea potoloho ho fihlela mesebetsi e mengata. Li-PCB tse mahlakoreng a mabeli li sebelisetsoa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, li-amplifiers, bakhanni ba likoloi tsa DC, li-circuits tsa lisebelisoa, joalo-joalo.

Multilayer PCB:

Multi-layer PCB e entsoe ka multilayer 2-layer PCB, e kentsoeng lipakeng tsa dielectric insulating layers ho etsa bonnete ba hore boto le likaroloana ha li senyehe ke mocheso o feteletseng. Multi-layer PCB e na le litekanyo tse fapaneng le likarolo tse fapaneng, ho tloha ho 4-layer PCB ho isa ho 12-layer PCB. Ha likarolo li ntse li le ngata, potoloho e rarahane le ho feta le ho rarahana le ho feta moralo oa sebopeho sa PCB.

Li-PCB tse nang le mefuta e mengata hangata li na le lifofane tse ikemetseng tsa fatše, lifofane tsa motlakase, lifofane tsa lipontšo tsa lebelo le phahameng, lintlha tsa botšepehi ba matšoao, le tsamaiso ea mocheso. Likopo tse tloaelehileng ke litlhoko tsa sesole, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa sepakapaka le sefofane, likhokahano tsa sathelaete, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa ho tsamaea, ho lata GPS, radar, ho sebetsa ka matshwao a dijithale le ho sebetsa ditshwantsho.

PCB e thata:

Mefuta eohle ea PCB e boletsoeng ka holimo ke ea sehlopha se thata sa PCB. Li-PCB tse thata li na le li-substrates tse tiileng tse kang FR-4, Rogers, phenolic resin le epoxy resin. Lipoleiti tsena li ke ke tsa kobeha le ho sotha, empa li ka boloka sebōpeho sa tsona ka lilemo tse ngata ho fihlela lilemo tse 10 kapa tse 20. Ke ka lebaka leo lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa elektroniki li phelang nako e telele ka lebaka la ho tiea, ho tiea le ho tiea ha li-PCB tse thata. Li-PCB tsa likhomphutha le lilaptop li thata. Lithelevishene tse ngata, LCD le li-TV tsa LED tse sebelisoang hangata malapeng li entsoe ka li-PCB tse thata. Likopo tsohle tse kaholimo tsa lehlakore le le leng, tse mahlakore a mabeli le tse ngata tsa PCB li sebetsa ho li-PCB tse thata.

Flex PCB:

PCB e tenyetsehang kapa PCB e tenyetsehang ha e thata, empa e tenyetseha ebile e ka kobeha habonolo. Li na le elastic, li na le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso le thepa e ntle ea motlakase. Thepa ea substrate ea Flex PCB e ipapisitse le ts’ebetso le litšenyehelo. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa substrate bakeng sa Flex PCB ke filimi ea polyamide (PI), filimi ea polyester (PET), PEN le PTFE.

Theko ea tlhahiso ea Flex PCB ha e felle feela ka PCB e thata. Li ka phuthoa kapa tsa phutheloa likhutlong. Ha li bapisoa le PCB e lumellanang e thata, li nka sebaka se senyenyane. Li bobebe empa li na le matla a fokolang haholo a ho lla.

Rigid-Flex PCB:

Motsoako oa li-PCB tse thata le tse tenyetsehang li bohlokoa haholo libakeng tse ngata le lits’ebetso tse boima. Ka mohlala, ka khamera, potoloho e rarahane, empa motsoako oa PCB e thata le e tenyetsehang e tla fokotsa palo ea likarolo le ho fokotsa boholo ba PCB. The wiring ea tse peli PCBs ka boela kopantswe ka PCB e le ‘ngoe. Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng ke lik’hamera tsa digital, liselefouno, likoloi, li-laptops le lisebelisoa tse nang le likarolo tse tsamaeang

PCB ea lebelo le phahameng:

Li-PCB tsa lebelo le holimo kapa tsa maqhubu a phahameng ke li-PCB tse sebelisetsoang lits’ebetso tse kenyelletsang puisano ea mats’oao a maqhubu a phahameng ho feta 1 GHz. Tabeng ena, litaba tsa botšepehi ba matšoao lia ameha. Thepa ea karolo e phahameng ea maqhubu a PCB e lokela ho khethoa ka hloko ho fihlela litlhoko tsa moralo.

Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang hangata ke polyphenylene (PPO) le polytetrafluoroethylene. E na le dielectric e tsitsitseng kamehla le tahlehelo e nyenyane ea dielectric. Li na le ho monya metsi a tlase empa theko e phahameng.

Lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata tsa dielectric li na le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa dielectric, tse bakang liphetoho tsa impedance, tse ka khopamisang li-harmonics le tahlehelo ea matšoao a dijithale le tahlehelo ea botšepehi ba matšoao.

Aluminium PCB:

Lisebelisoa tsa substrate tsa aluminium tse thehiloeng ho aluminium li na le litšobotsi tsa ho senya mocheso ka katleho. Ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso o tlase, pholiso ea PCB e thehiloeng ka aluminium e sebetsa hantle ho feta PCB ea eona e thehiloeng ka koporo. E khantša mocheso moeeng le sebakeng sa mocheso oa mocheso oa boto ea PCB.

Li-circuits tse ngata tsa mabone a LED, li-LED tse khanyang haholo li entsoe ka PCB e tšehetsang aluminium.

Aluminium ke tšepe e ruileng ‘me theko ea eona ea merafo e tlaase, kahoo litšenyehelo tsa PCB le tsona li tlaase haholo. Aluminium e ka sebelisoa hape ebile ha e na chefo, ka hona e baballa tikoloho. Aluminium e matla ebile e tšoarella, kahoo e fokotsa tšenyo nakong ea tlhahiso, lipalangoang le kopano

Likarolo tsena kaofela li etsa hore li-PCB tse thehiloeng ka aluminium li be le thuso bakeng sa lits’ebetso tsa morao-rao tse kang lilaoli tsa makoloi, li-charger tse boima haholo le mabone a LED a khanyang haholo.

ha re phethela:

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, li-PCB li fetohile ho tloha liphetolelong tse bonolo tsa lera le le leng ho ea ho litsamaiso tse rarahaneng, tse kang li-PCB tsa Teflon tse phahameng haholo.

PCB hona joale e akaretsa hoo e ka bang karolo e ‘ngoe le e ‘ngoe ea theknoloji ea morao-rao le saense e tsoelang pele. Microbiology, microelectronics, nanotechnology, indasteri ea sefofane, sesole, avionics, robotics, bohlale ba maiketsetso le likarolo tse ling kaofela li itšetlehile ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng (PCB).