ka papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia (PCB) he kumu kino a i ʻole kahi paepae e hiki ai ke kūʻai ʻia nā ʻāpana uila. Hoʻopili nā ʻāpana keleawe i kēia mau ʻāpana i kekahi i kekahi, e ʻae ana i ka papa kaapuni paʻi (PCB) e hana i kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano i hoʻolālā ʻia.

ʻO ka papa kaapuni paʻi ke kumu o ka mea uila. Hiki iā ia ke ʻano a me ka nui, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mea uila. ʻO ka mea maʻamau maʻamau / substrate mea no PCB ʻo FR-4. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā PCB e pili ana i ka FR-4 i nā mea uila he nui, a he mea maʻamau kā lākou hana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā PCB multilayer, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i ka PCB ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a ʻelua ʻaoʻao.

Hana ʻia ʻo FR-4 PCB me ka fiber aniani a me ka resin epoxy i hui pū ʻia me ka pale keleawe laminated. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka paʻakikī multi-layer (a hiki i 12 papa) PCB nā kāleka kiʻi kamepiula, motherboards, microprocessor boards, FPGAs, CPLDs, hard drives, RF LNAs, satellite communications antenna feeds, switch mode power supplies, Android phones, etc. He nui na la’ana kahi i ho’ohana ‘ia ai nā PCB ma’alahi ho’okahi a me ka papalua, e like me CRT TV, analog oscilloscopes, handheld calculators, computer mice, and FM radio circuits.

Hoʻohana no ka PCB:

1. Lapaʻau lapaʻau:

ʻO ka holomua o kēia lā i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana uila. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea lapaʻau, e like me ka pH mika, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ke ana wela, ka mīkini ECG / EEG, ka mīkini MRI, ka X-ray, ka CT scan, ka mīkini koko koko, nā mea ana i ke kō koko koko, incubator, microbiological lako a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe he nui. he PCB uila kaawale. ʻO kēia mau PCB he paʻakikī a loaʻa kahi kumu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka Dense ke kau ʻia nā ʻāpana SMT liʻiliʻi i kahi PCB liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i mea liʻiliʻi, maʻalahi ke lawe, māmā i ke kaumaha, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana.

2. Nā lako hana.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā PCB i ka hana ʻana, nā hale hana, a me nā ʻoihana hoʻi. Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻoihana nā mīkini mana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana e hoʻokele ʻia e nā kaapuni e hana ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a koi i nā au kiʻekiʻe. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻāpana keleawe mānoanoa ma ka PCB, he ʻokoʻa ia mai nā PCB uila paʻakikī, hiki ke huki i nā au e like me 100 amperes. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i nā noi e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe arc, nā kaʻa kaʻa servo nui, nā loina pahu pahu lead-acid, ka ʻoihana koa, a me nā mīkini lole ʻaʻahu.

3. ka malamalama.

Ma ke ʻano o ke kukui, ke neʻe nei ka honua i ke ʻano o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia mau puʻupuʻu halogen i kēia manawa, akā i kēia manawa ke ʻike nei mākou i nā kukui LED a me nā LED kiʻekiʻe a puni. Hāʻawi kēia mau LED liʻiliʻi i ke kukui kukui kiʻekiʻe a kau ʻia ma nā PCB e pili ana i nā substrate alumini. Loaʻa i ka alumini ka waiwai o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wela a hoʻopau i ka lewa. No laila, ma muli o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau PCB alumini i nā kukui kukui LED no nā kaʻa uila LED a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe.

4. ʻO nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā aerospace.

ʻO kahi noi ʻē aʻe o ka PCB ʻo ka ʻoihana automotive a me aerospace. ʻO ka mea maʻamau maʻaneʻi ʻo ia ka leo i hana ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o nā mokulele a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻa. No laila, i mea e māʻona ai i kēia mau haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe, ua maʻalahi ka PCB. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano PCB i kapa ʻia ʻo Flex PCB. Hiki i ka PCB maʻalahi ke kū i ka haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe a he māmā ke kaumaha, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka mokulele. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau PCB maʻalahi ma kahi ākea, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi pōmaikaʻi nui. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau PCB maʻalahi e like me nā mea hoʻohui, nā mea hoʻopili, a hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i kahi ākea paʻa, e like me ma hope o ka panela, ma lalo o ka dashboard, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻAno PCB:

Ua māhele ʻia nā papa kaapuni paʻi (PCB) i 8 mau ʻāpana. O lākou

PCB ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi:

Hoʻopili wale ʻia nā ʻāpana o kahi PCB ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi ma kahi ʻaoʻao, a hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻaoʻao no nā uea keleawe. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ke keleawe keleawe ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka substrate RF-4, a laila hoʻohana ʻia kahi mask solder e hāʻawi i ka insulation. ʻO ka hope, hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻi pale e hāʻawi i ka ʻike maka no nā ʻāpana e like me C1 a me R1 ma ka PCB. He mea maʻalahi loa kēia mau PCB papa hoʻokahi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano nui, nui ka makemake o ka mākeke, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e kūʻai. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia i nā huahana o ka hale, e like me nā juicers/blenders, charging fan, calculators, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi charger, mea pāʻani, TV remote controls, etc.

PCB papalua:

ʻO ka PCB ʻaoʻao ʻelua he PCB me nā ʻāpana keleawe i kau ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka papa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā lua wili, a me nā ʻāpana THT me nā alakaʻi i loko o kēia mau lua. Hoʻopili kēia mau puka i kekahi ʻaoʻao i kekahi ʻaoʻao ma o nā ala keleawe. Hele nā ​​alakaʻi ʻāpana i nā lua, ʻoki ʻia nā alakaʻi keu e ka mea ʻoki, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā alakaʻi i nā lua. Hana lima ʻia kēia mau mea a pau. Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana SMT a me nā ʻāpana THT o kahi PCB 2-layer. ʻAʻole pono nā ʻāpana SMT i nā lua, akā hana ʻia nā pads ma ka PCB, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana SMT ma ka PCB e ka reflow soldering. He wahi liʻiliʻi loa nā ʻāpana SMT ma ka PCB, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā wahi manuahi ma ka papa kaapuni e hoʻokō i nā hana hou aku. Hoʻohana ʻia nā PCB ʻaoʻao ʻelua no nā lako mana, nā mea hoʻonui, nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa DC, nā mea kani, etc.

ʻO ka PCB multilayer:

Hana ʻia ʻo Multi-layer PCB me ka multi-layer 2-layer PCB, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o nā papa insulating dielectric e hōʻoia i ka pōʻino ʻole o ka papa a me nā ʻāpana e ka overheating. Nui nā ʻāpana PCB i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole, mai 4-layer PCB a i 12-layer PCB. ʻO ka nui o nā papa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kaapuni a me ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā PCB.

Loaʻa i nā PCB multi-layer nā mokulele honua kūʻokoʻa, nā mokulele mana, nā mokulele hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe, ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i ka hōʻailona, ​​​​a me ka hoʻokele wela. ʻO nā noi maʻamau ʻo ia nā koi koa, aerospace a me aerospace electronics, satellite communications, navigation electronics, GPS tracking, radar, digital signal processing and image processing.

PCB paakiki:

ʻO nā ʻano PCB āpau i kūkākūkā ʻia ma luna nei no ka māhele PCB paʻa. Loaʻa i nā PCB paʻa nā substrates paʻa e like me FR-4, Rogers, phenolic resin a me epoxy resin. ʻAʻole e kulou a wili kēia mau papa, akā hiki ke mālama i ko lākou ʻano no nā makahiki he nui a hiki i 10 a 20 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia ke kumu i lōʻihi ai ke ola o nā mea uila he nui ma muli o ka rigidity, robustness a me ka rigidity o nā PCB paʻa. Paʻa nā PCB o nā kamepiula a me nā kamepiula. Nui nā TV, LCD a me LED TV i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā hale i hana ʻia me nā PCB paʻa. ʻO nā mea āpau o ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ʻaoʻao ʻelua a me nā noi PCB multilayer e pili pū ana i nā PCB paʻa.

Flex PCB:

ʻAʻole ʻoʻoleʻa ka PCB ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole PCB hikiwawe, akā hiki ke maʻalahi a hiki ke kūlou maʻalahi. He elastic lākou, he pale wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka mea substrate o Flex PCB e pili ana i ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai. ʻO nā mea substrate maʻamau no Flex PCB he kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyamide (PI), kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyester (PET), PEN a me PTFE.

ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai hana o Flex PCB ma mua o ka PCB paʻa wale. Hiki ke pelu ʻia a ʻōwili ʻia paha i nā kihi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka PCB koʻikoʻi e pili ana, lawe lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi. He māmā lākou akā he haʻahaʻa loa ka waimaka.

Paʻa-Flex PCB:

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hui ʻana o nā PCB paʻa a maʻalahi i nā wahi āpau a me nā noi paona. No ka laʻana, i loko o kahi kāmeʻa, paʻakikī ke kaapuni, akā ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka PCB paʻa a hiki ke hoʻemi i ka helu o nā ʻāpana a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka PCB. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka wili o ʻelua PCB ma kahi PCB hoʻokahi. ʻO nā polokalamu maʻamau ka pahupaʻikiʻi kikohoʻe, kelepona paʻalima, kaʻa, laptops a me kēlā mau mea me nā ʻāpana neʻe

Kiʻekiʻe-māmā PCB:

ʻO nā PCB kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole kiʻekiʻe-frequency PCB i hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi e pili ana i ka kamaʻilio hōʻailona me nā alapine i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 GHz. I kēia hihia, hiki mai nā pilikia hōʻailona hōʻailona. Pono e koho pono ʻia nā mea o ka substrate PCB kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻolālā.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau he polyphenylene (PPO) a me polytetrafluoroethylene. Loaʻa iā ia kahi dielectric paʻa mau a me ka poho dielectric liʻiliʻi. He haʻahaʻa ko lākou komo ʻana i ka wai akā nui ke kumu kūʻai.

Nui nā mea dielectric ʻē aʻe he mau dielectric loli, ka hopena i nā loli impedance, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā harmonics a me ka nalowale o nā hōʻailona kikohoʻe a me ka nalowale o ka hōʻailona pono.

Aluminum PCB:

Aluminum-ma muli o ka PCB substrate mea i loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wela wela dissipation. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoluʻu PCB aluminika ma mua o kāna PCB copper-based PCB. E hoʻomālamalama i ka wela i ka lewa a ma ka wahi wela o ka papa PCB.

Nui nā kukui kukui LED, nā kukui kukui kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia me ka PCB kākoʻo alumini.

ʻO ka alumini ka mea metala waiwai a he haʻahaʻa kona kumukūʻai mining, no laila he haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai o PCB. Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka alumini a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, no laila e pili ana i ke kaiapuni. He ikaika a paʻa ka alumini, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka hui ʻana

Hoʻohana kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau i nā PCB i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka alumini no nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa, nā mea hoʻoili pākaukau kaumaha, a me nā kukui LED ʻālohilohi.

i ka hopena:

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu nā PCB mai nā mana hoʻokahi-layer maʻalahi i nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī, e like me nā PCB Teflon kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻopili ʻo PCB i nā ʻano āpau o ka ʻenehana hou a me ka ʻepekema e ulu nei. Microbiology, microelectronics, nanotechnology, aerospace industry, military, avionics, robotics, artificial intelligence and other fields are all based on various types of printed circuit board (PCB) building blocks.