The bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) ndi maziko akuthupi kapena nsanja yomwe zida zamagetsi zimatha kugulitsidwa. Kufufuza kwa mkuwa kumagwirizanitsa zigawozi kwa wina ndi mzake, kulola bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) kuti ligwire ntchito zake m’njira yopangidwira.

Bolodi losindikizidwa ndilofunika kwambiri pa chipangizo chamagetsi. Zitha kukhala zamtundu uliwonse ndi kukula, malingana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamagetsi. Gawo lodziwika bwino la gawo lapansi / gawo lapansi la PCB ndi FR-4. Ma PCB opangidwa ndi FR-4 amapezeka m’zida zambiri zamagetsi, ndipo kupanga kwawo ndikofala. Poyerekeza ndi ma PCB amitundu yambiri, PCB yokhala ndi mbali imodzi ndi iwiri ndiyosavuta kupanga.

FR-4 PCB imapangidwa ndi utomoni wagalasi ndi utomoni wa epoxy wophatikizidwa ndi zokutira zamkuwa zamkuwa. Zina mwazitsanzo zazikulu zamagawo ambiri (mpaka 12) ma PCB ndi makadi ojambula apakompyuta, ma boardards, ma microprocessor board, FPGAs, CPLDs, hard drive, RF LNAs, ma satellite communication antenna feeds, switch mode magetsi, mafoni a Android, etc. Pali zitsanzo zambiri kumene yosavuta wosanjikiza limodzi ndi awiri wosanjikiza PCBs ntchito, monga CRT TV, analogi oscilloscopes, zowerengetsera m’manja, mbewa kompyuta, ndi FM wailesi mabwalo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito PCB:

1. Zida zamankhwala:

Kupita patsogolo kwamakono mu sayansi ya zamankhwala ndi chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa makampani opanga zamagetsi. Zida zambiri zamankhwala, monga mita ya pH, sensa ya kugunda kwa mtima, kuyeza kutentha, makina a ECG/EEG, makina a MRI, X-ray, CT scan, makina a kuthamanga kwa magazi, zida zoyezera shuga m’magazi, chofungatira, zida za microbiological ndi zida zina zambiri. osiyana pakompyuta PCB zochokera. Ma PCB awa nthawi zambiri amakhala wandiweyani ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ang’onoang’ono. Dense zikutanthauza kuti zigawo zing’onozing’ono za SMT zimayikidwa mu PCB yaying’ono. Zida zamankhwalazi zimapangidwa kukhala zing’onozing’ono, zosavuta kunyamula, zopepuka kulemera, komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

2. Zida zamafakitale.

Ma PCB amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga, mafakitale, ndi mafakitale omwe akubwera. Mafakitalewa ali ndi makina amphamvu kwambiri komanso zida zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mabwalo omwe amagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo amafuna mafunde apamwamba. Pazifukwa izi, wosanjikiza wamkuwa wandiweyani umayikidwa pa PCB, yomwe ndi yosiyana ndi ma PCB ovuta amagetsi, omwe amatha kukoka mafunde mpaka 100 amperes. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kuwotcherera arc, ma servo motor drives, ma charger a lead-acid batire, makampani ankhondo, ndi makina osamveka bwino a thonje.

3. kuunikira.

Pankhani ya kuunikira, dziko likuyenda molunjika njira zopulumutsira mphamvu. Mababu a halogen awa sapezeka kawirikawiri, koma tsopano tikuwona magetsi a LED ndi ma LED apamwamba kwambiri kuzungulira. Ma LED ang’onoang’onowa amapereka kuwala kowala kwambiri ndipo amayikidwa pa PCBs potengera magawo a aluminiyamu. Aluminiyamu imakhala ndi mphamvu yotengera kutentha ndikutaya mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri, ma PCB a aluminiyamu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumayendedwe a nyali a LED kwa mabwalo apakatikati ndi apamwamba a LED.

4. Makampani opanga magalimoto ndi zamlengalenga.

Ntchito ina ya PCB ndi mafakitale amagalimoto ndi zamlengalenga. Chinthu chofala apa ndi kubwereranso komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa ndege kapena magalimoto. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukwaniritse kugwedezeka kwakukulu uku, PCB imakhala yosinthika. Choncho, mtundu wa PCB wotchedwa Flex PCB amagwiritsidwa ntchito. PCB yosinthika imatha kupirira kugwedezeka kwakukulu komanso kulemera kwake, komwe kungathe kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ndege. Ma PCB osinthika awa amathanso kusinthidwa pamalo opapatiza, omwenso ndi mwayi waukulu. Ma PCB osinthikawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira, zolumikizira, ndipo amatha kusonkhanitsidwa pamalo ophatikizika, monga kuseri kwa gululo, pansi pa bolodi, etc. Kuphatikiza kwa PCB yolimba komanso yosinthika imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mtundu wa PCB:

Mapulani osindikizira (PCB) amagawidwa m’magulu 8. Ali

PCB ya mbali imodzi:

Zigawo za PCB ya mbali imodzi zimangokwera mbali imodzi, ndipo mbali inayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mawaya amkuwa. Chojambula chopyapyala chamkuwa chimayikidwa mbali imodzi ya gawo lapansi la RF-4, kenako chigoba cha solder chimayikidwa kuti chiteteze. Pomaliza, kusindikiza pazenera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chidziwitso chazigawo monga C1 ndi R1 pa PCB. Ma PCB osanjikiza amodzi awa ndi osavuta kupanga ndi kupanga pamlingo waukulu, kufunikira kwa msika ndikwambiri, komanso ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri kugula. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zapakhomo, monga ma juicers/blenders, mafani otchaja, zowerengera, ma charger ang’onoang’ono a batri, zoseweretsa, zowongolera zakutali za TV, ndi zina zambiri.

PCB yamitundu iwiri:

PCB yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri ndi PCB yokhala ndi zigawo zamkuwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mbali zonse za bolodi. Bowola mabowo, ndi zigawo za THT zokhala ndi zowongolera zimayikidwa mumabowo awa. Mabowowa amalumikiza mbali imodzi ndi mbali ina kudzera m’njira zamkuwa. Zomwe zimatsogolera zimadutsa m’mabowo, zotsogola zochulukirapo zimadulidwa ndi wodula, ndipo zotsogola zimawotchedwa kumabowo. Zonsezi zimachitika pamanja. Palinso zigawo za SMT ndi zigawo za THT za 2-wosanjikiza PCB. Zigawo za SMT sizikusowa mabowo, koma mapepala amapangidwa pa PCB, ndipo zigawo za SMT zimakhazikika pa PCB ndi reflow soldering. Zigawo za SMT zimakhala ndi malo ochepa kwambiri pa PCB, kotero kuti malo ambiri omasuka angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa bolodi la dera kuti akwaniritse ntchito zambiri. Ma PCB okhala ndi mbali ziwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi, ma amplifiers, madalaivala amoto a DC, mabwalo a zida, ndi zina zambiri.

Multilayer PCB:

Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB amapangidwa ndi Mipikisano wosanjikiza 2-wosanjikiza PCB, sandwiched pakati dielectric insulating zigawo kuonetsetsa kuti bolodi ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu si kuonongeka ndi kutenthedwa. Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB ali miyeso zosiyanasiyana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera 4-wosanjikiza PCB kuti 12-wosanjikiza PCB. Zigawo zochulukirachulukira, derali limakhala lovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri kupanga mapangidwe a PCB.

Ma PCB amitundu ingapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ndege zodziyimira pawokha, ndege zamagetsi, ndege zowuluka zothamanga kwambiri, malingaliro otsimikizika, komanso kuwongolera kutentha. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndizofunika zankhondo, zamagetsi zam’mlengalenga ndi zam’mlengalenga, kulumikizana ndi satelayiti, navigation electronics, kutsatira GPS, radar, kukonza ma siginecha a digito ndi kukonza zithunzi.

PCB yolimba:

Mitundu yonse ya PCB yomwe takambirana pamwambapa ndi ya gulu lolimba la PCB. Ma PCB olimba ali ndi magawo olimba monga FR-4, Rogers, phenolic resin ndi epoxy resin. Ma mbalewa sangapindike ndi kupindika, koma amatha kusunga mawonekedwe awo kwa zaka zambiri mpaka zaka 10 kapena 20. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zida zambiri zamagetsi zimakhala ndi moyo wautali chifukwa cha kulimba, kulimba komanso kusasunthika kwa ma PCB olimba. Ma PCB apakompyuta ndi laputopu ndi okhazikika. Ma TV ambiri, ma LCD ndi ma TV a LED omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’nyumba amapangidwa ndi ma PCB olimba. Mapulogalamu onse omwe ali pamwambapa ambali imodzi, mbali ziwiri komanso ma PCB ambiri amagwiranso ntchito ku ma PCB olimba.

Flex PCB:

flexible PCB kapena flexible PCB si okhwima, koma ndi kusintha ndipo akhoza kupindika mosavuta. Ndi zotanuka, zimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi. Zomwe zili pansi pa Flex PCB zimatengera magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo wake. Zida zodziwika bwino zagawo la Flex PCB ndi filimu ya polyamide (PI), filimu ya polyester (PET), PEN ndi PTFE.

Mtengo wopangira Flex PCB ndi wopitilira PCB wokhazikika. Amatha kupindika kapena kukulunga pamakona. Poyerekeza ndi lolingana okhwima PCB, iwo kutenga malo ochepa. Iwo ndi opepuka koma ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zong’amba.

Rigid-Flex PCB:

Kuphatikiza kwa ma PCB okhwima komanso osinthika ndikofunikira kwambiri m’malo ambiri komanso ntchito zolemetsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu kamera, dera ndi zovuta, koma kuphatikiza okhwima ndi kusintha PCB kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zigawo ndi kuchepetsa PCB kukula. Mawaya a ma PCB awiri amathanso kuphatikizidwa pa PCB imodzi. Ntchito zodziwika bwino ndi makamera a digito, mafoni am’manja, magalimoto, ma laputopu ndi zida zomwe zili ndi magawo osuntha

PCB yothamanga kwambiri:

Ma PCB othamanga kwambiri kapena othamanga kwambiri ndi ma PCB omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi ma siginecha okhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba kuposa 1 GHz. Pankhaniyi, nkhani za kukhulupirika kwa ma sign zimayamba. Zida za gawo lapansi la PCB lapamwamba kwambiri ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamapangidwe.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyphenylene (PPO) ndi polytetrafluoroethylene. Ili ndi dielectric yokhazikika yokhazikika komanso kutayika kochepa kwa dielectric. Amayamwa madzi otsika koma okwera mtengo.

Zida zina zambiri za dielectric zimakhala ndi ma dielectric constants osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa impedance, komwe kumatha kusokoneza ma harmonics ndi kutayika kwa ma siginecha a digito ndikutaya kukhulupirika kwa ma sign.

Aluminium PCB:

Aluminium-based PCBs substrate materials ali ndi makhalidwe ogwira kutentha kutentha. Chifukwa cha kukana kwamafuta ochepa, kuziziritsa kwa aluminiyamu kwa PCB ndikothandiza kwambiri kuposa PCB yake yochokera mkuwa. Imawunikira kutentha mumlengalenga komanso m’malo otentha a board ya PCB.

Mabwalo ambiri a nyali za LED, ma LED owala kwambiri amapangidwa ndi aluminiyumu yothandizira PCB.

Aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo cholemera ndipo mtengo wake wamigodi ndi wotsika, choncho mtengo wa PCB ndi wotsika kwambiri. Aluminiyamu imatha kubwezeretsedwanso komanso siiwopsa, chifukwa chake ndi yabwino kuwononga chilengedwe. Aluminiyamu ndi yamphamvu komanso yolimba, choncho imachepetsa kuwonongeka pakupanga, kuyendetsa ndi kusonkhana

Zonsezi zimapangitsa ma PCB opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kukhala othandiza pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri monga zowongolera magalimoto, ma charger olemetsa kwambiri, ndi nyali zowala kwambiri za LED.

Pomaliza:

M’zaka zaposachedwa, ma PCB asintha kuchokera kumitundu yosavuta yakusanjikiza imodzi kupita ku machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, monga ma Teflon PCB othamanga kwambiri.

PCB tsopano ikukhudza pafupifupi gawo lililonse laukadaulo wamakono komanso sayansi yomwe ikupita patsogolo. Microbiology, microelectronics, nanotechnology, aerospace industry, asilikali, avionics, robotics, intelligence Artificial Intelligence ndi zina zonse zimachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya midadada yomangidwira gulu (PCB).